What is the history of Switzerland and Sweden? Why haven't you heard of any wars?

This is not the same place. They are different countries.

Sweden

Country name: Kingdom of Sweden.

Independence Day: On June 6th (June 6th, 1809), Sweden adopted the first modern constitution. 1983, the parliament officially declared June 6th as the Swedish National Day. )

National flag: blue, yellow cross slightly to the left. The colors of blue and yellow come from the colors of the Swedish Royal Badge.

National emblem: the national emblem is cloak-shaped, and the blue shield decorated with crowns is divided into four parts by the yellow cross: three crowns are painted on the upper left and the lower right; The top right and bottom left are painted with golden lions wearing crowns. There is a small shield in the big shield, and the left side is composed of blue, silvery white, HongLing and a golden bottle; There is a castle-like bell tower on the right, painted with a golden eagle. There are golden lions on both sides of the blue shield and medals at the bottom. The small national emblem is a blue shield with a crown. The three gold crowns on the shield are the symbols of Sweden and Denmark, Sweden and Norway, which form the Kalmar Union.

National anthem: "Your Ancient and Glorious Northland Mountain Country"

National bird: blackbird (tongue)

National stone: small (water) crystal

State dignitaries: King Carl XVI Gustaf,1September 1973; Prime Minister Goran persson took office in March 1996 and was re-elected in October 2002.

Physical geography: located in the eastern part of Scandinavia, northern Europe. It borders Finland in the northeast, Norway in the west and northwest, the Baltic Sea in the east and the North Sea in the southwest, with a territory area of 449,900 square kilometers (excluding the territorial sea area). The coastline is about 2 18 1 km. The terrain slopes from northwest to southeast. Nordland Plateau is in the north, and the highest peak in the territory, Kebunekesai, is 2 1.23 meters above sea level, and the southern and coastal areas are mostly plains or hills. The main rivers are Jota River, Dahl River and Honel Man River. There are many lakes, about 92000. Lake Wiener, the largest lake, covers an area of 5,585 square kilometers, ranking third in Europe. About 15% of the land is in the Arctic Circle, but it won't be too cold in winter because of the Atlantic warm current. Most areas have temperate coniferous forest climate, and the southernmost part has temperate broad-leaved forest climate.

Population: 8.909 million (200 1 year-end). 90% are Swedes (descendants of Germans), and there are more than 654.38+0000 foreign immigrants and their descendants (52.6% of them are foreign nationals). The Sami people in the north are the only minority, with about 10000 people. The official language is Swedish. 90% people believe in Christianity and Lutheranism.

Capital: Stockholm, with an urban population of 750,000 (early 2000).

Administrative Districts: China is divided into 265,438+0 provinces: Bregin, Dalana, Fort gavle, Gotland, Harlan, Yemchuan, Yenxueping, Kalma, Kronoberg, North Boten, CheLebrou, East Jotland, Skonai, South Manlan and Stockholm.

Brief history: The country began to form around 1 100. 1 157 annexed Finland. 1397 forms the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Norway, and is ruled by Denmark. 1523 independence from the alliance. In the same year, Gustav Vasa was elected king. The period from 1654 to 17 19 was a prosperous period in Sweden, and its territory included Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as the Baltic coastal areas of Russia, Poland and Germany. 17 18 gradually declined after losing the wars against Russia, Denmark and Poland. 1805 Participated in the Napoleonic Wars. /kloc-After losing to Russia in 0/809, it was forced to cede Finland. 18 14 obtained Norway from Denmark and made an alliance with Norway. Norway became independent from the Federation. Sweden remained neutral in both world wars.

In the 9th century and10th century, Viking culture developed in Sweden, and developed eastward through trade, aggression and colonization, affecting the Baltic Sea, Russia and the Black Sea.

In A.D. 1389, Norway, Denmark and Sweden wore monarchs, but each country still maintained its own national identity, which was called the Kalmar Union in history. Since the15th century, the Swedes have tried their best to resist Denmark's annexation attempt. 152 1 year, Swedish king Gustav Eriksson wasa re-established the imperial power, and Sweden left the alliance and became independent.

/kloc-In the 7th century, Sweden became a European power in the Thirty Years' War (16 18- 1648). 1700- 172 1 After the Great Northern War in, Russia replaced Sweden's position in Europe, and Finland split from Sweden in 1809 and became the Russian Grand Duchy.

Sweden's modern history is relatively calm. The most recent war was 18 14 with Norway. After the war, the two countries formed an alliance led by Sweden and dissolved in 1905. Sweden remained neutral in both world wars. During the cold war, we did not move closer to the two camps. Sweden is not a member of a military organization, but will participate in NATO military training.

190 1 year, the first nobel prize awarding ceremony was held in Stockholm, Sweden. From 65438 to 0902, the Nobel Prize was awarded by the King of Sweden. ..

Sweden remained neutral in World War I and World War II. However, 1995 renounced neutrality and joined the European Union.

In the 20th century, Sweden remained neutral in the international arena, and its homeland was relatively peaceful. Unlike the United States, Sweden has a capitalist system and a perfect welfare security system, which is characterized by "high wages, high taxes and high welfare". In the 1960s and 1990s, Sweden's economy developed rapidly and people's living standards improved greatly.

Sweden, with a population of less than 9 million, is a negligible market from a macroeconomic point of view. This feature determines that foreign trade is particularly important to Sweden. The main natural resources are forests, hydropower and iron ore.

Private enterprises account for 90% of industrial production, of which 50% are export or import projects. Agriculture only accounts for 2% of GDP; Only 2% of the employed population in China is engaged in agricultural production. Due to the government's austerity, 200 1 has a large surplus; However, due to the global economic recession, the surplus in 2002 was sharply reduced by half.

Communication, machinery manufacturing, construction engineering and transportation are important basic industries in Sweden.

There are many internationally famous brands in Sweden, such as Volvo Cars, Saab Cars and Weapons, Ericsson Communications, Electrolux, ABB, Hasselblad Camera, IKEA Furniture and H& etc. M clothes and so on. According to the proportion of population, Sweden has the largest number of multinational companies in the world.

Sweden has 2 1 administrative regions. Local administrative agencies are appointed by the government. There is a district Council in the administrative area, and its members are representatives of the city. Administrative districts consist of cities. In 2002, there were 289 cities in China.

Sweden has a high life expectancy and a low birth rate. After World War II, a large number of immigrants poured in, contrary to before the war. At present,/kloc-0.2% of the population in China is not born in Sweden, and one fifth of the population is immigrants or descendants of immigrants. Most immigrants come from Finland, the former Yugoslavia, Iran, Norway, Denmark and Poland, which reflects the phenomenon of large population mobility, early labor migration and late refugee tide in Northern Europe.

The earliest immigrants were Finns. About 70,000 Finnish children were exiled to Sweden during World War II, and15,000 of them lived in Sweden after the war. 1950-60 years, Finland's economy was in trouble after the war, and a large number of Finnish unemployed people went to Sweden, where the economy took off. At its peak, there were 400,000 Finns in Sweden. 1973 during the energy crisis, the number of unemployed people in Sweden increased, and Finland benefited from trade with its neighboring Soviet Union, and the number of returnees gradually decreased to 200,000.

Swedish belongs to Germanic language family, which is related to Danish and Norwegian, but its pronunciation and writing are different. English is the most common second language, especially for people under 50. Swedish is undoubtedly the most common language, so the official language seems to be an unnecessary political issue.

Switzerland

English: Swiss Confederation

English: Swiss Confederation

German: schweizerische eidgenossenschaft

French: Swiss Confederation

Italian: Confederacy

Area: 4 1.285 km2, accounting for 3.7% of the water area, ranking 132.

National flag: square. This flag is red with a white cross in the middle. There are different opinions about the origin of Swiss flag patterns, among which four are more representative. By 1848, Switzerland had formulated a new federal constitution, which officially stipulated the red and white cross flag as the Swiss federal flag. White symbolizes peace, justice and light, and red symbolizes the victory, happiness and enthusiasm of the people; The whole design of the national flag symbolizes national unity. This national flag was revised in 1889, changing the original red and white cross rectangle into a square, symbolizing the fair and neutral policy adopted by the country in diplomacy.

National emblem: It's a coat of arms. The pattern and color are the same as the national flag.

National flower: edelweiss

National stone: small crystal

Currency: Swiss currency is Swiss franc, which is an international hard currency. 1 Swiss franc = 100 centimes. There are seven denominations of Swiss currency: 10, 20,50, 100, 200,500, 1000 Swiss francs (CHF) and seven denominations of coins: 5 10/0,20,50 cm, 6544. The exchange rate of US dollar against Swiss franc was 1: 1.69 in 2000, 1: 1.69 in 2006 and 1.56 in 2002.

Time difference: Swiss time is 7 hours slower than China and 6 hours slower than China in summer, because daylight saving time is adopted from March to the end of September every year. The skiing season is from mid-February to late May.

Relations with China:1September 195014th, China established diplomatic relations with Switzerland.

Population: 7,258,800 (200 1), of which 79.8% are Swiss nationals and 20.2% are foreigners.

-population density 176/km? Ranked 92 nd.

Language: Switzerland uses four languages: German, French, Italian and Latin. Among them, the German-speaking population accounts for 63.9%, mainly distributed in the northern region; French-speaking population accounts for 19.5%, in the western region; Italian-speaking population accounts for 6.6%, in the southern region; Latin Romance-speaking population accounts for 0.5%, in a few areas in the east; 9.5% of the population speaks other languages. The first three languages are official languages and are adopted by official federal documents. English is also widely used.

Religious belief: Swiss residents mainly believe in Catholicism and Christianity, among which Catholicism accounts for 44. 1% of the total religious population and Christians account for 36.6%. In addition, Muslims account for about 4.5%, others account for 3. 1%, and those without religion account for 1 1.7%.

Geography: Switzerland is a mountainous landlocked country, located in south-central Europe. It borders Austria and Liechtenstein in the east, Italy in the south, France in the west and Germany in the north. Its territory starts from Schawartz Peak in Dengzhou, Grauben, east longitude 10 29' 26 ",reaches Shangxi Town in Geneva in the west, with the southernmost point at 45 49' 8" north latitude, close to chiasso in Ticino, and the northernmost point at 47 48' 35 "north latitude. This is Baldin in Schaffhausen. It is 220. 1km long from north to south and 348.4km long from east to west. The whole territory is divided into three natural terrain areas: the Alps in the south-central part (accounting for 60% of the total area), the Jura Mountains in the northwest (accounting for 65,438+00%) and the Central Plateau (accounting for 30%). The average elevation is about1.350m, with the highest point being dufour Peak (4634m above sea level) and the lowest point being Lake mazur in Ticino (1.93m above sea level). Switzerland is a mountainous country with beautiful scenery. Its forest area is 12523 square kilometers, accounting for 30.3% of the national area. If you add the area of agriculture and green space (10 166 square kilometers, accounting for 24.6% of the national area), more than half of the country's land is covered by green space. Switzerland is the birthplace of the three major rivers in continental Europe and is known as the "European Water Tower". The main rivers are: Rhine River (375km in Switzerland, the largest river in Switzerland), Aer River (295km in Switzerland, the longest inland river in Switzerland) and Rhone River (264km in Switzerland, the second largest inland river in Switzerland). There are 1 4,84 lakes, the largest of which is Lake Lemmon (also known as Lake Geneva), with an area of 582 square kilometers and the deepest point of 3 10 meter. Others are: Lake Constance, Lake New chartres, Lake Marjory, Lake Sizhou and Lake Zurich. The area of rivers and lakes in Switzerland is 1726 square kilometers, accounting for 4.2% of the total area of Switzerland. Switzerland is located in the north temperate zone. Although the area is small, the climate varies greatly from place to place. The Alps extend from east to west, forming the dividing line of Swiss climate. The northern Alps are alternately influenced by the mild and humid maritime climate in western Europe and the continental climate in eastern Europe, with Leng Xia fever in winter and great changes; South of the Alps belongs to the Mediterranean climate, and the climate is pleasant all year round. The annual rainfall in Switzerland is 1500mm, but it is unevenly distributed. The average annual temperature is 8.6 degrees Celsius. In cities, the summer temperature can reach 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), and the air humidity is suitable; In winter, the temperature is often below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), and sometimes it snows and freezes.