An overview of the history of Anhui senior high school entrance examination

Detailed explanation of Anhui history syllabus for the 2008 senior high school entrance examination in Nanyuan School

1. Guan Zhong was a famous political reformer in the Spring and Autumn Period. When Qi was prime minister, he reformed internal affairs, developed production, reformed the military, and adopted the strategy of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries" in diplomacy, making Qi the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. His sincere friendship with Bao is called "a close friend".

2. Laozi: At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, a Chu native and founder of Taoism came out of Guoyang County. According to legend, Tao Te Ching put forward the simple dialectical thought that "everything is in opposition, and the opposing sides can transform each other", and its political proposition is "governing by doing nothing".

3. Zhuangzi: During the Warring States Period, people in Mengcheng County inherited and developed Laozi's point of view, despised the interest of fame and fortune, hated the unfair social phenomenon that the thief was a vassal, and held a pessimistic and negative thought: people can't conquer nature, and usefulness is worse than uselessness. They wrote Zhuangzi, which is an outstanding philosophical work and a model of prose in the pre-Qin period.

4. Daze Township Uprising: In 209 BC, Guangwu and Chen Sheng established the Zhang Chu regime in osawa Township, Suzhou County.

5. Huainan Zi, an encyclopedia written by Liu An, the king of Huainan. It also preserves a lot of ancient scientific knowledge, which is of great reference value to the study of the history of ancient science and technology in China. Bagong Mountain in Liu An became Bagong Mountain in Shouxian County.

6. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immigrated to Jianghuai, and the Yue people in eastern Zhejiang moved to southern Anhui during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty set up an "evil official" in Shaobei, who was in charge of water conservancy. Danyang copper in Han Dynasty was famous all over the country, and the words "Good copper in Han Dynasty came out of Danyang" were engraved on the bronze mirror. Reputation of

7. Shouchun City is the economic center and transportation hub city in Jianghuai area. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Hefei set up a county and began to develop into a "lost city" with transshipment as its main trade.

8. The Battle of Feishui 383 years ago, Fu Qin attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty with a sword, and Bagong Mountain was full of trees and grass, winning more with less.

9. Cultivated land in Huai, Cao and Wei Dynasties and cultivated land in Daxing, Jianghuai (military and civilian villages). Sun Wu's regime forced people to move to mountainous areas and Vietnam. Coupled with the development of rice in southern Anhui, it promoted wheat and developed handicrafts. Megan Leaf (now Guichi, Chizhou) was the largest smelting and casting center in China at that time.

10. Pen, ink, paper and inkstone were called "Four Treasures of the Study" in ancient times. Xuan paper is produced in Jingxian County, Xuanzhou, and has the reputation of "Millennium Life Paper". Zhou Juan's "integrity paper" is a treasure in Xuan paper. Huimo, produced in Zhangzhou. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Chao and his son moved here to make exquisite ink, which led to the rise of the ink making industry. When Song Huizong was renamed Huizhou, "Huimo" was named after it. Xu Anbi is written by Wang Xizhi and Liu Gongquan from Jingxian County, Xuanzhou. She inkstone was produced in Xuzhou in Tang Dynasty, and Su Dongpo once asked for inkstone in Xuzhou.

1 1. The people of Luzhou (now Hefei) in the Northern Song Dynasty written by Bao Zheng often plead for the people, which reflects their people-oriented thought. After their death, they were named Bao Xiaosu Gong, so they were called Bao Gong.

12. Ming Taizu and Zhu Yuanzhang (now Fengyang, Haozhou) proclaimed themselves emperor, and established the Ming Dynasty in 1368, with the title of Hongwu.

13. Hu Zongxian, a native of Jixi, served as the governor of Zhejiang and the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. He presided over the anti-Japanese war in the southeast coast for seven years and made important contributions to the extermination of the enemy. His book "Making Charts" is a precious material to record the Japanese invasion in Ming Dynasty.

14. Qi Jiguang Dingyuan is a national hero against Japan. At the annual rate of 156 1, the "Qijiajun" cleverly laid a "mandarin duck array" in Taizhou, winning nine out of nine wars and wiping out the pirates in Zhejiang. Since then, going to Guangdong, Fujian and Henan has been equivalent to 65,438+0,565 years, basically destroying the enemies along the southeast coast.

15. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Anhui was formally established as a province. Anhui was taken from Anqing and Huizhou, and Anqing, the provincial capital, belonged to the state-owned city of Anhui in the Western Zhou Dynasty, so Anhui is called Anhui for short, which means bright and beautiful.

16. With the economic development in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Anhui was an important grain-producing area in China in the early Ming Dynasty. Handicraft industries include printing in Huizhou, pulp dyeing in Wuhu, prosperous business in Fengyang, the capital of Huaishang, introduction of corn and sweet potato in Jianghuai in Qing Dynasty, tobacco-growing areas in Dingyuan, Chaohu commodity rice base, and Lixin cotton.

17. Cheng Dawei was an outstanding mathematician in the late Ming Dynasty, and his book Arithmetic Family is the representative work of abacus calculation in ancient China. Later, it spread to South Korea and Japan, and China's abacus began to go to the world.

18. Mei Wending was a famous mathematician in Qing dynasty. His book General Theory of Chinese and Western Mathematics promoted the development of ancient mathematics in China. Fang Yizhi's Introduction to Physics is an encyclopedia of natural science. Wang, a female scientist in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote Astrology, Explanation of Eclipse, Theory of the Earth Circle and so on. She criticized the theory that "the sky is round and the earth is round" and correctly explained the cause of the eclipse.

19. "Xin 'an Medical School" is a medical school formed in Huizhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with Wang Ji in Ming Dynasty, Wu Kun and Wang Ang in Qing Dynasty as its representatives.

20. Huizhou architectural features: sculptures and paintings are mixed into the building. Most of the dwellings are two-story (stone) wooden structures, with wooden rafts as the skeleton, white barrel walls and towering horse-headed walls. The gatehouse patio cloister is decorated with brick carvings and wood carvings.

2 1. Xidi and Hongcun residential buildings in Yixian County are outstanding in Huizhou ancient residential buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Stone archway is another major feature of Huizhou architecture. The memorial archway is a tribute to filial piety. The octagonal archway of Guo Xu, a college student in Ming Dynasty in Shexian County, is a treasure in ancient archways.

22. A progressive thinker who faced up to reality: Yao Ying was aware of the inevitability of the British Opium War, and 1844- 1846 was ordered to go to Tibet to write "A Journey to Kang Youwei" on the basis of on-the-spot investigation. He was the first to call attention to the Tibet issue.

23. Bao attached great importance to the study of practical problems, pointed out that Britain should be wary of launching the Opium War under the pretext of banning smoking, advocated learning western gun-making techniques by cracking down on foreigners, and warmly praised the anti-British struggle of the people in Sanyuanli.

24. Wang Maoyin is the only China person mentioned by Marx in Das Kapital.

25. 186 1 Li Hongzhang was the founder and commander-in-chief of the Huai Army in Hefei and the main advocate of the Westernization Movement. Huai Army is the first army in China to systematically accept advanced western weapons and equipment, which was formed and developed during the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution and the Nian Army Uprising. The main generals are Zhang Shusheng, Liu Mingchuan, Pan, Ding, Zhou Shengbo, Wei and Nie Shicheng. 1870, Huai army and national defense force. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Ding's Beiyang Water Army failed, and the Huai Army gradually declined and was replaced by Yuan Shikai's new army.

26. Anhui Volunteer Army dedicated to the revolution: 1905 wuyue (Tongcheng people 0 assassinated five ministers who went abroad to inspect constitutionalism; The names of Song Yulin, Shi Dekuan and Cheng Liang, the three heroes of Huanghuagang Uprising, are listed on the Monument to the Seventy-two Martyrs in Huanghuagang.

27.* * * The Anhui Provincial Party Committee was formally established in Wuhu on February 193 1, and Wang Buwen served as Party Secretary. Was destroyed in April, Wang Buwen died in Anqing. 193 1 At the beginning of the year, Deng Xiaoping arrived in Wuhu to inspect the party affairs in Anhui Province and set up the temporary working committee of Anhui Province. Promoted the further development of Anhui revolution.

30.1937165438+10. In October, the Japanese army attacked Guangde, and Rao Guohua led the Sichuan army to stick to Guangde, which opened the prelude to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Anhui. 1In May, 938, the Japanese invaders approached Mengcheng, and 173 division deputy commander Zhu Yuan led an army to resist, and more than 2,000 people died heroically. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, the New Fourth Army became the main force in Anhui's anti-Japanese battlefield. 1in April, 938, the Red Army guerrillas in the eight southern provinces 14 area concentrated in southern Anhui, which soon opened a new situation in the war of resistance between Jianghuai and China.

28. Southern Anhui Incident: 194 1 year, the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui moved northward to Yunling, Jingxian County, and was ambushed by Kuomintang troops. Ye Ting, the commander, was detained, and Xiang Ying, the deputy commander, was killed by traitors.

29. Anhui Anti-Japanese Heroes: Feng Yuxiang 1926 officially embarked on the road of national revolution, 1933 organized the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Coalition in Zhangjiakou, launched the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, and commanded the anti-Japanese war in Shanghai after the July 7 Incident. 1933 When the Japanese invaded the Jehol, Fang Zhenwu formed the Anti-Japanese Salvation Army and Feng Yuxiang's anti-Japanese joint forces to join forces. Dai Anlan led his troops to capture the Kunlun Pass in Guangxi in 1939, and joined the China Expeditionary Force in Myanmar in 1942 to cooperate with the Anglo-American Coalition forces to resist the Japanese invasion. He was seriously injured and died in the "Lankao Breakthrough War", and was praised by Zhou Enlai as "an Englishman in Huangpu and a national hero".

30. Peace General Zhang Zhizhong: As a representative of the Kuomintang, he participated in the Chongqing negotiations, actively advocated solving domestic problems by peaceful means, and actively campaigned for peace, which was highly praised by Mao Zedong. Later, he participated in the peace talks in Peiping. Make a statement on the current situation and stay in Beiping to participate in the preparations for the new China.

3 1. Liu Dengjun marched into Dabie Mountain:1In August 1947, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main force of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan People's Liberation Army to Dabie Mountain. By the end of June, 33 counties had established democratic governments. The battle of Zhangjiadian was the first time that Liu Deng's army won the great victory of destroying more than one regular brigade of the Kuomintang after entering the Dabie Mountains, which opened up a new situation in the struggle in western Anhui. On February 24th, the front command post led by Deng Xiaoping and the rear command post led by Liu Bocheng met in Zhaiwei Village, Linquan County to complete the task of advancing into the Central Plains.

Significance: From1August, 947 to1March, 948, Liu Deng's army moved to Dabie Mountain for more than half a year, which seriously threatened Nanjing, the ruling center of the Kuomintang, and Wuhan, an important town in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and played a decisive role in reversing the national war situation.

32. Anhui Huaihai Campaign:1948.11949.1Huaihai Campaign was composed of Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Su Yu and Tan Zhenlin, with Deng Xiaoping as the secretary, commanding the Central Plains Field Army, the East China Field Army and Hebei. The General Front Committee is located in Xiaolizhuang, Linhuanji, Suixi County. During the Huaihai Campaign, the sons and daughters of Jianghuai actively cooperated and supported, and made great contributions to the victory of the Huaihai Campaign.

35. Anhui River Crossing Campaign: The General Front Committee with Deng Xiaoping as its secretary was located in Yaogang Village, Cuo Town, Feidong County.

36. 1949430 Tunxi was peacefully liberated, and the whole territory of Anhui was liberated, completely destroying the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang in Anhui.

37. Establishment and consolidation of people's political power: Song Renqiong was appointed secretary of Anhui Provincial Party Committee. Due to the need of crossing the river, the Anhui Provincial Party Committee was not established for the time being, but two administrative regions were established in northern and southern Anhui. 1in the middle of 952, the Anhui Provincial Party Committee was established with Ceng Xisheng as its secretary. In August, the People's Government of Anhui Province was established, with Hefei as its capital. From 65438 to 0950, Anhui carried out land reform, which ended in July 1952. 1950 when the Korean war broke out, Li Jiafa and Xu Jiapeng, Anhui volunteers, were war heroes. . During the period of 1949- 1950, floods occurred in Anhui, and governments at all levels adopted various production and disaster relief measures to help the victims tide over the disaster smoothly.

38. Socialist Road: 1953, Anhui began the socialist transformation of agricultural handicraft capitalist industry and commerce: the movement of mutual assistance and cooperation in agricultural production, and by 1956, the advanced form of agricultural cooperation was basically realized. Agricultural cooperation is another great change with historical significance in rural areas after the land reform movement, which has enabled more than 90% farmers in Anhui to embark on the socialist road and realized the rapid development of Anhui's rural economy. 1954 Anqing Hu Yumei sauce garden factory is the first enterprise in the province to realize public-private partnership. 1956 in the second half of the year, the three major transformations in Anhui were basically completed, and the socialist system was basically established in Anhui.

39. Major achievements in ten years' construction: (1956— 1966) Large and medium-sized enterprises: Maanshan Iron and Steel Company, Hefei Heavy Machinery Factory, Huaibei Coal Mine and Huainan Fertilizer Plant, the largest iron and steel joint venture in Anhui, have laid the foundation for Anhui's industrial development. Water conservancy; Bengbu sluice project of Huaihe River.

40. Rural reform has been carried out in an all-round way: Xiaogang production team of Liyuan commune in Fengyang county initiated the system of "unified contracting and unified distribution" in 1978. 1982 The Minutes of the National Rural Work Conference issued by the Central Committee clearly affirmed that all contracting is a socialist economic responsibility system, thus further promoting the process of rural reform in Anhui Province. By the first half of 1982, the province had implemented the household contract responsibility system with "all-in-one contract" as the main form. After the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the rural reform in Anhui Province was comprehensively promoted, and the household contract responsibility system was extended to other fields such as forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing. Reform the rural circulation system, gradually open the rural market, adjust the rural industrial structure, and implement the policy of rejuvenating agriculture through science and technology. Township enterprises have developed rapidly. From 65438 to 0984, Anhui put forward clear requirements for the construction of small towns. In the 1990s, the construction and management of small towns were brought into the legal track.

4 1. New stage of reform and opening up: After the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Anhui rural reform has made outstanding achievements in agricultural industrialization, improving the household contract responsibility system and developing township enterprises. According to the requirements of establishing a socialist market economic system, urban reform, especially the reform of state-owned enterprises, has entered the stage of transformation mechanism and system innovation. 1992, the pilot work of establishing modern enterprises began. The field of opening to the outside world has been continuously expanded and the level has been continuously improved. After the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Anhui Province persisted in deepening rural reform, focusing on promoting rural land contract system reform, rural property right system reform, rural employment system reform, grain circulation system reform and rural tax and fee reform, and actively developing market agriculture. Anhui further deepens the reform of state-owned enterprises, vigorously promotes the strategic reorganization of the state-owned economy, encourages mechanism innovation and system innovation, and strives to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth. In order to cooperate with the reform of state-owned enterprises, our province has established and improved the pension, unemployment and medical insurance systems for urban workers, improved the minimum living security system for urban residents, and initially formed a social security system covering all employees. Implement the export-oriented strategy and strive to develop foreign trade.

42. A new chapter in the spectrum of science and technology: Anhui Science and Technology Popularization Association and Science and Technology Committee were established. 1977, Anhui province held a meeting on "marching into science", 1985, Anhui implemented the "Spark Plan" and the poverty alleviation plan of rejuvenating the countryside through science and technology. In the 1990s, the strategy of "rejuvenating Anhui through science and education" was put forward, and Deng Jiaxian (two bombs), Ren Xinmin (a generation of tea sect), He Jiaqing and other scientists emerged in Anhui.

43. A hundred flowers blossom in culture and art: In the 1950s, Anhui Lu Opera Troupe, Huangmei Opera Troupe, Song and Dance Troupe, Drama Troupe and Acrobatic Troupe were established. Literary and artistic creation: the novel Living Pond, Wind and Thunder, Screenwriter Lin Zexu, Huangmei Opera and Fairy Match. Huangmei Opera performance artists Yan Fengying and Wang Shaofang, New Huizhou printmaker Lai Shaoqi, famous painter Xiao Longshi, etc. Anhui painter Wu Zuoren (who participated in the design of the monument) and sculptor Liu Kaiqu (who selected the flag and emblem of Hong Kong and Macao) produced outstanding actors such as Lu Yanzhou's Legend of Tianyunshan, Huangmei Opera's Dream of Red Mansions, Peking Opera's Cheng Changgeng and Anhui Opera's Liu Mingchuan.

44. Sports has developed vigorously: Xu Haifeng achieved the breakthrough of China's zero gold medal with 1984 at the 23rd Olympic Games.