Who are the historical figures in Fujian?

One of Fujian Historical Celebrities Series (Wang)

Wang (862-925) was born in Gushi, Gwangju, Henan (now Gushi, Henan). During the Five Dynasties, the reign of King Min was from 909 to 925. From the first year of Guangqi (885) to his death, he worked in Fujian for 39 years, including 32 years in Fuzhou. He successively served as an observation assistant in Fuzhou, staying behind, proofreading the ministers of the Ministry of Punishment, our time, proofreading the books of the same school, proofreading the right servant, proofreading Stuart, proofreading Taibao, Langya Wang, and the Chinese book order.

In the fifth year of Tang Xizong Zhonghe (885), Wang Chao and Wang Shenluan moved to Fujian with Wang Xu, the leader of the rebel army in Shouzhou (now Shouxian, Anhui). Because of Wang Xu's suspicion, Wang Chao launched a mutiny and imprisoned Wang Xu. Later, Wang Chao expanded its influence, and in 893, he conquered Fuzhou and gradually occupied the whole territory of Fujian Province. Wang was then the deputy envoy of Fujian patrol. Wang Chao died on the sixth day of December in the fourth year of Ganning (65438+8981October 2). Wang attacked Fujian Lushou and the mighty army, and was later named the King of Langya. Hou Liang Taizu Kaiping three years (909), and was named King of Fujian. Wang was born in poverty, so he was able to scrimp and save. When he was in office, he saved punishment fees, ignored taxes, shared interest with the people and became a vassal of the Central Plains. After the death of Tang Tongguang in the third year (925), the temple was named Taizu, and his son Wang succeeded to the throne.

Wang Chao and Wang brothers went south from the Central Plains, bringing a large population, so they are still regarded as ancestors by many families in Fujian and Taiwan, and Wang was regarded as the holy king of Fujian by Fujian immigrants. Because he likes riding a white horse and ranks third among his brothers, he is often called "White Horse Saburo Tai" in the army. After his death, he built a temple named "White Horse Wang Zun" for the residents in northern Fujian. Now there are several white horse Wang Zun temples in Mazu.

Wang attaches great importance to social security and stability. In August of the second year of Guangqi (886), Brother Wang led an attack on Quanzhou and killed Liao Yanruo, a corrupt and unscrupulous assassin in Quanzhou. The observation in Fujian in Fuzhou forced the recognition of the Wang brothers and asked the Tang court to appoint them as the secretariat of Quanzhou, and the appearance of Quanzhou was quickly improved. In the second year of Dashun (89 1), Chen Yan died of illness, and his brother-in-law Fan Hui claimed to stay in Fuzhou. In the first year of Jingfu (892), the Wang brothers made careful preparations for the reunification of Fujian. After a year and three months of hard work, they finally laid the foundation stone of Fuzhou City on May 21st, the second year of Jingfu (893). After the Wang brothers entered the city, they personally "buried in plain clothes" and "took care of his family" to achieve stability. Later, the Wang brothers also set up a temple dedicated to Liu Xing, which won great popularity and spread to all directions. Xu Guifan of Jianzhou and Zhong Quanmu of Tingzhou, as well as the scattered armed forces in mountainous areas and coastal areas, unified the whole of Fujian. Wang took various measures to stabilize the social order in Fujian and create favorable conditions for Fujian's economic and cultural development.

Wang attaches great importance to economic construction, mainly as follows: First, develop land and water transportation. During the Tianfuyuan period (90 1), while building Luocheng, he excavated and protected the city and built Sisi Bridge and Jintongmen. In the third year of God bless (906), Wang built the Pearl Gate in the south of Mao Ying Bridge in Fuzhou Main Street (now north of Dongjiekou Scenic Resort), the Nanguan Bridge (now Antai Bridge), and opened the river to connect with Woqiao Pu, leading the trend through the city. Hou Liang Kaiping two years (908), Shahe Bridge (also known as Jiuxian Bridge) was completed. Second, expand domestic and foreign trade. When he was in power, he cancelled the checkpoints in the Minjiang River basin, which made the goods and materials between Baoshan District and coastal cities flow smoothly. At the same time, it opened a foreign trade port in Huang Qi Peninsula, which was called "Gan Tang Port" in history. Subsequently, Fuzhou and North Korea, India, Sumatra and other countries often had diplomatic envoys and business visits, and carried out economic, cultural and trade activities in Fuzhou and other places. Imported products include ivory, rhinoceros horn, pearls, fragrant medicine and so on. Third, attach importance to the development of agricultural production. He appointed Yan, who has production experience, to manage agriculture, and sent effective officials to "patrol counties and persuade farmers to teach mulberry" to recruit all the peasants who had been exiled from various places because of the war, make reasonable arrangements, and encourage them to reclaim land and develop production; In order to reduce farmers' tax burden, he decided to reduce farmers' tax burden by "tithing", "not accepting violence" and "defeating the enemy without fighting". He also encouraged farmers to plant tea trees and produce a large amount of tea for export to increase farmers' economic income. He attached great importance to water conservancy construction, such as repairing and dredging the West Lake in Fuzhou, expanding the original 20-mile West Lake to 40 miles, and irrigating the civilian fields in Min County and Houguan County; He built a seawall in Fuqing to protect farmland from moisture and irrigated thousands of acres of civilian farmland. Fourth, develop handicrafts. For example, there are many tea factories in the mountainous area of northern Fujian, including 38 government-run bakeries and 336 private bakeries/kloc-0. In the southwest of Fuzhou, Wang Wei built a 13 furnace casting treatment station. In Jianyang, the ceramic industry is also relatively developed. Set up a lead yard in Tingzhou to cast lead coins and copper coins. Later, he cast big iron coins, with 500 articles as the penetration. At that time, handicraft production developed rapidly. During Wang's tenure, Fujian's economic construction has made great progress, and there has been a phenomenon of "good years, good years, giving people enough".

Wang attaches great importance to the development of culture and education. He attached great importance to the use of talents. After he arrived in Fujian, he placed a large number of refugees from the Central Plains, especially cherishing literati, and set up institutions such as recruiting talents to receive them. At that time, Zhao Xiangpu's son Wang, his brother Yang Yi, famous scholars, and Yang Chengxiu, Zheng Lin, Han Wo, Gui, Yang Zantu and others from the Central Plains were involved. Wang hired them as Fujian officials to give full play to their talents. Wang also paid tribute to famous Fujian literati in his official position, such as Ren Chengzan as prime minister and our time. Wang also respects religious celebrities, such as Yicun, Shibei and Shen Yan. Wang's concern for literati made Fujian's poetry at that time, especially Fuzhou's, develop greatly. Chen Yan said: "Culture and education flourished, and there were poets in Fujian at the latest until the Tang Dynasty; By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, gentry poets sometimes came to Fujian, and poetry teaching became more and more prosperous, especially in the Song Dynasty. "

Wang attaches importance to the development of education. He adopted Weng Chengzan's suggestion to "build four schools (institutions of higher learning) in Fuzhou to teach outstanding people in Fujian" and appointed celebrities such as Huang Tao as "four doctors". Under the advocacy of Wang, there were state schools in the state, county schools in the county and private schools in remote villages. "Young people have attached teacher training, and old people have set up their country", which has greatly developed cultural and educational undertakings.

Wang attaches great importance to searching for books. In the first year of God bless (904), Wang organized a large number of intellectuals, collected and wrote various suicide notes, which were dedicated to the Tang government, enriched the historical materials, and published the book Fishing in the Rocks, which contributed to the rescue and preservation of the cultural heritage of the motherland. Wang also restored and created many temples and pagodas. When he was in power, he built and restored 260 temples and 6 pagodas. Some of them have left valuable cultural relics for future generations and are one of the tourism resources.

Wang made remarkable achievements in the social stability, stability, economic and cultural construction and development of Fujian in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and was well received by later generations.

Fujian Historical Celebrities Series II (Liu Yong)

Liu Yong (about 97 1- 1053), whose first name was Trilateral, whose real name was Zhenqing, and whose name was Jingzhuang, ranked seventh, also known as Liu Qi, was born in Chong 'an, Fujian (now Chong 'an, Fujian). A famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Born in a Confucian family, the youngest son of the assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, a scholar, and the official to the foreign minister of wasteland, it is also known as Liu wasteland. Liu Yong is bohemian and his career is even more bumpy. At that time, people recommended it to Injong, but they had to comment in four words: "Go write lyrics." When his career was boundless, he claimed to be "Liu Sanbian", lingering in karaoke bars and dance halls, addicted to music and lyrics, and was down and out all his life, but was buried by a group of prostitutes.

The ancients studied mostly for officials, and Ci was born in the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. Most famous Ci writers were in official careers. Liu Yong, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, was the first professional poet in China.

Liu Yong was born in an official family. Although he is not a local, he has lived in Kaifeng, the capital since childhood. Influenced by the cultural and artistic atmosphere in Tokyo, he showed the talent of "singing well", broke through the shackles of feudal ethics and became friends with musicians and prostitutes. "A Record of Summer Vacation" said: "Every time a musician in the teaching workshop gets a new song, he always makes a farewell speech and starts his career on earth, so the sound will spread for a while." Liu Yong's lyrics are beautiful and very popular with the audience. Even Emperor Renzong likes to let musicians sing Liu's lyrics repeatedly. But Liu Yong did not expect that his hobbies and behaviors were ridiculed, saying that this was not done by a gentleman and that he was talented and incompetent. His ci is famous all over the world, and he is the founder of the graceful school. They all lead a rough life because of ci. When someone recommended him to Injong, Emperor Injong criticized him: "Let's write lyrics." Liu Yong was not intimidated by this lifelong story from the palace. He openly declared with a rebellious attitude: "Liu Sanbian wrote his lyrics in order." As always, he writes lyrics and makes friends. In fact, he was a professional poet appointed by the emperor. Besides living in Kaifeng, he has been to some cities in the south and lived a wandering life. There are nearly 200 words in his action collection, many of which show the prosperity and beauty of Tokyo, the capital city, for example, the strange fragrance of thousands of lanterns in the Lantern Festival, and the grass-fighting and chicken-fighting before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day. The scenes are very lively. Lin Yuling, which has been handed down through the ages, is a sad song of parting with his lover when he leaves the border.

In the first year of Injong Jingyou (1034), at the age of 47, Liu Yong was finally admitted to the Jinshi under various pressures. Thus ending the life of a professional poet.

Political depression, special experience in life, and his erudition and ingenious understanding of melody make this prodigal son "shallow singing" and "strange and daring madness" become a "talented poet" dedicated to his ci. Because Liu Yong is widely exposed to social life, especially urban life, prostitutes and citizens. The prosperity of urban life, the joys and sorrows of prostitutes, their wishes and love between men and women, their own resentment and disappointment, and their separation and love are all important contents of her ci. In addition, there are some works that reflect the miserable life of workers, such as chanting things, chanting history, wandering immortals and so on. Greatly expanded the theme content of the word. Influenced by folk music and folk words, he produced a large number of slow words, which made them mature and kept pace with Xiao Ling. In the expression of words, he is good at sketching; He is good at incisive narration and description; Good at finishing touch, blending scenes, and strong lyrical color; The language is simple and natural, and does not avoid vulgarity, which makes its words unique and widely circulated.

Liu Yong made a new exploration in the content and expression of Ci, which marked a major change in Song Ci and had an important impact on the development of Song Ci. His writing rhythm is harmonious and graceful, simple and light, and he is better at blending scenes. Ye Mengde's "Tale of Summer" said: "Anyone who has a well can sing Liu Ci", which shows its prosperity, while Ji Yun praised in "Summary of Si Ku Quan Shu": "Poetry should learn from Du Fu's poems and Ci should learn from Liu Ci." He is the author of the Collection of Movements, and his famous works include Yulin Ridge, Wu Fengqi, Klang Ganzhou and Wang Haichao. Liu Yong's life can be found in Zhang Zongbian's Chronicle of Linz and Ding Chuanjing's Tales of Song People.

The Third Series of Fujian Historical Celebrities (Li Gang)

Li Gang, (1083- 1 140), a native of Shaowu, Fujian, was born in Huating, Xiuzhou (now Songjiang County, Shanghai), and once worked in Shao Qing, Hui Zong.

In the second year of Zheng He (1 1 12), Li Jinshi was appointed as a professor in Zhenjiang. Three years later, he was promoted to be an assistant in the Imperial College. With a sincere heart to serve the country, Li was extremely excited in the face of the broken mountains and rivers. He hoped that the monarch of the Northern Song Dynasty could ride the border like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (Li Gang's Niannujiao? Hanwu patrols the moon "); Like Emperor Guangwu, "Take back the old things early, be cool, and be the master of revival. "In the first year of Xuanhe (119), Li Gang wrote a letter, suggesting to renovate armaments and resist the invasion of 8 Jin Army. Hui Zong refused to accept the loyal minister's suggestion and demoted him to Shaxian, a remote Nanjian County (now Fujian Province), to be a small tax inspector.

In the winter of the seventh year of Xuanhe, after the nomads from Shanxi invaded the south on a large scale, Li Gang risked his life to write a bloody book, and in Prince Zhao Huan, he asked Song Huizong and Evonne to abdicate and claim the throne. Song Qinzong Zhao Huan acceded to the throne, although ordered to resist 8 jin j, but on tenterhooks have no idea. Prime Minister Bai Shizhong and Li Bangyan advised Song Qinzong to escape. When Li Gang learned the news, he immediately asked to see Song Qinzong, and said, "The emperor's father (referring to Song Huizong) has conveyed to the emperor that he hopes his majesty can stay in Beijing. How could your majesty leave? " Li Gang's solemn statement refuted the escape proposition that Bai Shizhong and others thought that the capital was not strong and could not be adhered to, saying: "There is no city stronger than the capital in the world. As long as the emperor leads the war of resistance, there is no reason to keep it. " Song Qinzong was forced to appoint Li Gang as the right official and personal expedition camp ambassador, responsible for defending Kyoto. Li Gang launched strict military and civilian protection, and in the first month of the first year of Jingkang (1 126), he defeated the Jin Bing in the capital.

In February of the same year, a group of capitulationists in North Korea took advantage of Yao's failed sneak attack to spread the rumor that Li Gang was in great trouble and the reinforcements were wiped out. Song Qinzong listened to the capitulationists, sent messengers to Jin Ying as gifts, and dismissed Li Gang and Zhongshidao. As soon as the news came out, the soldiers and civilians in Kyoto were angry. Chen Dong and hundreds of other students wrote letters, and tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians gathered to demand Li Gang's reinstatement. Song Qinzong was forced to reuse Li Gang. Soon, Li Gang was transferred from the capital and appointed as the special envoy of Fu Xuan, Hebei Province, and was banished to Mingdao Palace, Michigan for the crime of "presiding over the discussion and wasting money".

That autumn, nomads from south again, Song Qinzong soon wrote a letter to li gang. Although Li Gang led an army to the north to serve the king, the capital has fallen. In May of the following year, after Song Gaozong acceded to the throne, he called Li Gang back to the DPRK as prime minister. After Li Gang became prime minister, he actively reformed graft, enriched the national treasury and prepared for the army, put forward many anti-gold ideas and actively used anti-gold generals, which boosted the national strength of the Southern Song Dynasty. Although Song Gaozong took Li Gang as the phase, he actually favored Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan, two cronies. Li Gang strongly advocated the Northern Expedition and opposed the relocation of the capital to the south of the Yangtze River. He offended Huang Qian Shan and Wang Boyan and was dismissed in just 75 days. Since the first year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 127), Li Gang was exiled to Ezhou (now Wuchang) and Wan 'an Army (now Wanning, Guangdong).

In the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Song Gaozong was forced by the appeal of the ruling and opposition parties to use Li Gang again, and appointed Li Gang as the ambassador of Fu Xuan on Guangnan Road in Jinghu, the magistrate of Tanzhou (now Changsha), the appeasement ambassador of Jiangxi South Road and the magistrate of Longxing (now Nanchang). On the one hand, Li Gang actively called for exile, developing production and rectifying the military and political affairs; On the one hand, Song Gaozong wrote to him again, seriously reflected on the gains and losses, and waited for the Northern Expedition. However, Song Gaozong not only did not understand Li Gang's patriotism, but restricted him everywhere. Li Gang was indignant: "The rise and fall of the six generations is like a dream, and landing on the moon is amazing. The war is over. Luxury selling jade, missing a few silver toads. " 11. "Mo Wen in the Six Dynasties, Guo Hong was worried." The concept of "a fishing boat through the ages", Shaoxing nine years, angrily resigned.

In the 10th year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 140), this national hero, admired by later generations together with Zong Ze, Yue Fei and Han Shizhong, died in Tang Songfeng, Cangshan, Fujian at the age of 58. After his death, he was buried in Dajiashan, Tongkou, Huai 'an, Fuzhou. To commemorate this patriotic hero, Zhu, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Lin Zexu, a national hero in the Qing Dynasty, successively established Khan Lee Temple in Shaowu, Fujian and Fuzhou.

Fujian Historical Celebrities Series No.4 (Zhu)

Zhu (1 130 ~ 1200), whose name is Huian (also known as Huiweng) and Ziyang. Originally from Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi), he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province). Confucian scholars in Southern Song Dynasty, one of the most famous philosophers and scholars in ancient China, a master of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, and the founder of Xue Min in Southern Song Dynasty.

Zhu was a scholar in the 18th year of Shaoxing (1 148). He was once the director of Tongan County in Quanzhou, the Nankang Army in the county magistrate, and promoted the tea and salt business in the east, Zhangzhou in the county magistrate, Tanzhou in the county magistrate, and also took charge of the cabinet. I don't like to be an official for life. "Those who are abroad, they only took the exam in nine years (* * * nine years), and stood on the 40th day of the Dynasty" (on Song Martial Arts and Hui Yuan), and I have been giving lectures in Fujian for the main time of my life (about forty years). In his later years, he was involved in the ongoing political struggle and was taken away from his post and went to the shrine. His research is classified as "pseudo-research" and his people are also classified as "leaders of pseudo-research". Until his death, the "accusation" was still not lifted. However, shortly after Zhu's death, the "party ban" was lifted, and Zhu's status began to rise day by day, eventually becoming one of the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius" who enjoyed the Confucius Temple, and his position and practical influence among Confucian scholars in past dynasties was second only to that of Confucius and Mencius. His thoughts and theories became the official philosophy of China from the Yuan Dynasty, which not only profoundly influenced the traditional ideology and culture of China, but also spread abroad, such as Korea in the Li Dynasty and Japan in the Tokugawa era. "Zhuzi Studies" has played an important role in the political, ideological and cultural fields and produced considerable influence.

Zhu inherited his family studies at a young age, and his father Zhu Song was a disciple of Luo Congyan. When he was young, he studied under Hu Xian, Liu Mianzhi and Liu Zi, three disciples belonging to the "Luo Xue" school. In his early years, he was interested in all kinds of knowledge, and he was careful with his words and full of rules. Since the age of twenty-four, I have studied under Luo Congyan's disciple Dong. Only then did we really embark on the development path of Neo-Confucianism. After a long period of hard study, Zhu finally became the most influential philosopher and scholar in the late feudal society of China. Zhu's knowledge is profound. He knows everything about learning. He has made great achievements in pre-Qin philosophers, Buddhism and Taoism, historical documents, astronomy and geography, writing and phonology, exegetical textual research, laws and regulations and many other aspects. More importantly, Zhu took it as his responsibility to inherit Cheng Erzhi's "Luo Xue", and widely absorbed the ideological nutrients of Neo-Confucianism such as Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai and Shao Yong in the Northern Song Dynasty, becoming a master of Neo-Confucianism. His theory constructs a complex and meticulous ideological system.

In the study of Confucian classics, Zhu Zhu has many works, such as: The Original Meaning of Zhouyi, Yi Wu, Textual Research on Eight Diagrams, Yi Zhuan, Gu Yi, Statement of Profit and Loss, Yi Answers and Zhu Wengong Yi Shuo. The book includes Shu, Shu Biography, Shu Shuo, Wen Gong Shuo, Shu Jing Q&A and so on. The Book of Rites includes Interpretation of the Book of Rites, Interpretation of the Book of Rites, Biography of Zhu Zi's Minefield, Debate on the Book of Rites, Interpretation of the Book of Rites and Zhuzi's Compilation. The Book of Filial Piety includes its publication errors and its differences. The four books include Notes to Four Books, Four Books or Topics, On Meng Jingyi, Introduction to the Doctrine of the Mean, Biography of the University, Detailed Explanation of the University, Enlightenment of the University, Essentials of the Analects of Confucius (Two Kinds) and Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius by Mencius. The above statistics are not complete, but the above bibliography is enough to illustrate Zhu's achievements in Confucian classics. Among these works, Four Notes is undoubtedly the most influential. From the mid-Yuan Dynasty, this book became the standard interpretation of the imperial examination until the abolition of the imperial examination in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhu devoted almost his whole life to four books. In his early years, he devoted himself to studying The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and in his later years, he devoted himself to studying The University and The Doctrine of the Mean, far above Yi Ibn and Shi Zhuan (these two books were called imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties). As for the university, it is out of his subjective position of "Song Studies" in the study of Confucian classics. Although there is room for discussion, it is also an understandable move.

Zhu's study of Confucian classics not only attaches importance to Han and Tang annotations, but also does not blindly respect Confucian classics. The method is as he said in The Analects of Confucius: "Annotate the essence of Confucian classics to clarify the exegesis, interpret the text with correct pronunciation, and then tell it to the old gentleman to make it subtle." Since the prosperity of the theory of righteousness and reason, most scholars think that Confucius and Mencius are not traditional and despise the interpretation of Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, which Zhu thinks is inappropriate. Therefore, he tried to combine exegetics with righteousness, which was a great contribution of Zhu to the study of Confucian classics. As Qian Mu pointed out: "Although the study of Confucian Classics in Zhu Xue is mainly based on ancient annotations in Han and Tang Dynasties, it also adopts Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, and also adopts the words of Neo-Confucianism, and also adopts people from the Zhu Tong era in the Southern Song Dynasty. Its intention is to integrate ancient and modern times, attract people, collect Huaying and brew new fruits. In the Confucian tradition, Zheng Xuan is the only one with great courage and tolerance. However, they lived in different times. Zhu followed Zheng Xuanyi in the afternoon, and his academic thoughts were passed down, and the thicker he was, the newer he was. Zhu not only established a new Confucian classics, but also developed a new neo-Confucianism. The combination of Confucian classics and Neo-Confucianism has increased the number of literature and history. " ("Zhu Xin Xue Case")

Zhu Yisheng wrote a lot and was one of the most prolific Confucian scholars in the history of China. There are more than 40 kinds recorded in the history of Song Dynasty, more than 20 kinds not recorded, and more than 20 kinds compiled by his disciples or descendants. It is not an empty talk that he said in the Song and Yuan Dynasties that he was "meticulous to the masses and tried his best". Zhu's most important and influential works are Zhu Wen's Official Document, Zhuzi School, Zhuzi's Family Law, as well as Four Notes.

Fujian Historical Celebrity Series No.5 (Hong Chengchou)

Hong Chengchou (1593— 1665), Yan Yan, Hengjiu. A native of Duyingxia Meixiang (now Liangshan Village), Nan 'an, Fujian.

Hong Chengchou was smart, studious and quick-thinking, and was deeply loved by teachers. At the age of seven, he was enlightened by the overflow hall in the stream. When he was eight years old, his grandfather died. He recited a short eulogy with the Classic of Three Characters, which was praised by relatives and friends present. 1/kloc-0 dropped out of school to help his mother sell fried tofu. Because of helping students in Shuigou Pavilion pair up, Mr. Hong, who is familiar with him, takes Hong Chengchou to school for free. I have learned a lot from Historical Records, History as a Mirror, History of the Three Kingdoms and Sun Tzu's Art of War. Once he wrote an article about his reading experience, and the teacher clapped his hands and wrote a comment on "Little Ma Qianli, a country with a thousand kings", praising Hong Chengchou's ambition when he was young. Later, Hong Chengchou transferred to Quanzhou Chengbei College to study, and his academic performance was excellent.

In the forty-fourth year of Wanli, Hong Chengchou was admitted to Dimethyl 17 Jinshi. From then on, Hong Chengchou entered the official career and took charge of punishments. In Langzhong, Zhejiang has learned something, and Jiangxi has settled in as an agreement. In the seventh year of the apocalypse, he served as the governor of Shaanxi. In the third year of Chongzhen, Hong Chengchou was appointed as the governor to suppress the peasant rebels. In four years, he served as the governor of Shaanxi Trilateral, pursuing Longdong East and Shanxi West Rebels. In seven years, the Ministry of War was awarded the title of Shangshu, and the governor passed the military affairs of five provinces. Eleven years, led the troops to break the Tongguan Nanyuan Rebel Army, and Li Zicheng was defeated by Shangluo Mountain. In ten years, Hong Chengchou moved to the northern battlefield, concentrated his forces and adopted panic-stricken tactics one by one to defeat the rebels, which made great contributions to the Ming Dynasty. In 12 years, Hong Chengchou awarded the Governor of Jiliao and became an official in the late Ming Dynasty.

In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, the Qing Emperor Taizong led the troops around Jinzhou, and the border was in a hurry. In fourteen years, Hong Chengchou ordered eight company commanders, 130,000 troops and one year's supplies to leave Shanhaiguan for Ningyuan to save Jinzhou. Hong Chengchou advocated maintaining wars by fighting, step by step, trapping the enemy, and then clearing the way. Chen Xinjia, the minister of the Ministry of War, advocated speed clearance with ulterior motives and appointed Zhang Ruolin as the army supervisor, which made it difficult for Hong Chengchou to take it easy. Coupled with the food being robbed and no reinforcements, the soldiers have no fighting spirit. The company commander Wang Pu led his troops to flee first, and the whole army fled for their lives. They were ambushed by the Qing army and suffered heavy losses. They retreated to Songshan. Hong Chengchou was trapped in Songshan City for half a year and was in a difficult situation. On the night of February 15 18, Xia Chengde, deputy commander of Songshan Chengwei, made a secret appointment with the Qing army. Songshan City was broken and Hong Chengchou was captured.

Hong Chengchou was sent to Shengjing and was ordered to shave his head and surrender easily. Hong Chengchou refused to shave his head and lengthen his neck, and "only wanted to die quickly". After a seven-day hunger strike, he still "wanted to die". The reason is that Huang Taiji accepted the opinions of Fan Wencheng and Zhang Cunren, and strived for Hong Chengchou's submission, being polite and kind, and went to his cell to solve the problem of mink and fur. After much deliberation, Hong Chengchou saw that the political corruption in the Ming court was irreversible. I also saw the vigorous rise of the Qing court, and the kings of the two dynasties had their own thoughts, which was the general trend of the Qing dynasty. It means submission. However, in the past two years, Hong Chengchou was still observing the changes of the current situation, neither serving as an official nor serving the Qing court. In March of the 17th year, Li Zicheng went to Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen weeping willows. Hong Chengchou saw the complete collapse of the Ming Dynasty. In order to save the Chinese nation in from the mire and reduce the loss of life, he was determined to work for the Qing court to unify China.

On May 2nd of the first year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou entered Beijing with the Qing army. Dourgen accepted Hong Chengchou's opinion, and the records announced the king's order, hired the Ming Dynasty to surrender, set up a county government, stabilized social order, did not slaughter people, burned houses, plundered property, restrained military discipline, and did not commit crimes in autumn; Free of three salaries, the burden on the people is light. Hong Chengchou still went into the inner court to assist in the maintenance with the title of Prince Taibao, Minister of War, and right deputy of Duchayuan, and was awarded the secretariat college student. With the help of participating in the national plan, Hong Chengchou put forward a series of measures to build the Qing regime and stabilize social order, such as cracking down on the Ming system, protecting the people, selecting talents, learning Chinese and reading Confucian books, so as to promote social development.

In the second year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou was entrusted with the important task of appealing to the military college students of the governors of southern provinces, and adopted the strategy of "caressing first, suppressing second". Politically, contact the landlord of Han nationality, on the condition of "retaining the original official", enlist the thirteen governments of Anhui and Jiangxi, surrender Zheng Zhilong, and let the Qing army enter Fujian; Militarily, it disintegrated the anti-Qing forces of Zhang Jinyan, the former minister of the Ming Ministry of War, and made more than 40 villages in Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces "gradually tamed"; Culturally, scholars are constantly recruited (according to legend, there is a clause that "China women's top scholar is dissatisfied with not entering the official position"), and national cultural traditions are promoted so that newcomers can participate in politics organically; Economically, please give Suzhou and Hangzhou tax relief and stop collecting grain. These measures have played a positive role in easing ethnic conflicts, reducing looting by soldiers and fire, reducing people's burden, stabilizing social order and promoting production development.

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