Why are there all kinds of unpredictable cultural phenomena in Chaoshan area?

Chaoshan culture, which belongs to Lingnan culture, is a subculture of Han culture, a relic of ancient Central Plains culture, an important part of Chinese excellent culture, and a Chinese culture that has been continuously developed and formed in the process of successive generations. Chaoshan culture is a culture created by Chaoshan people (Chaoshan clan) and is characterized by marine culture. Chaozhou culture not only has distinct regional characteristics, but also has some characteristics of Central Plains culture, which runs through the whole social life of chaozhou people. Chaozhou culture, represented by Chaozhou Kung Fu Tea, Chaoshan Diet, Chaoshan Commercial Gang Culture, Chaoshan Mountain Pond, Chaoshan Ancestral Hall, Chaozhou Dialect, Chaozhou Embroidery, Chaozhou Opera, Chaozhou Music, Chaozhou Craft, Chaozhou Woodcarving, Chaozhou Drum and Chaoshan Dwellings, has far-reaching influence and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Hong Kong hipster Yulan Shenghui, Chaoshan Song and Dance and Chaoshan Overseas Chinese Culture are listed as national intangible cultural heritage.

Chaoshan area is small and densely populated, and there are great contradictions among population, resources and environment. The fierce competitive environment has cultivated the creative, pioneering and adventurous spirit of Chaoshan people. Many people go abroad to make a living, forming a social atmosphere, intensive farming, elaborate handicrafts, and even careful planning in business. They are well-known at home and abroad and are known as "Jews in China". After Qin and Han Dynasties, China culture expanded to Lingdong. During the Jin and Tang Dynasties, the influence of the mainstream culture in the Central Plains gradually expanded. Chen Yuanguang pacified the spring tide and created chaos, and Han Yu became the secretariat of Chaozhou Prefecture, which was an important event in this period. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of immigrants poured in and Fujian culture moved northward, which fully developed the Chaoshan area and was an important link in the formation of Chaoshan culture. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chaoshan folk culture with distinctive features was finally formed. Due to the rapid economic development in Chaoshan area since the Song Dynasty, cultural and educational undertakings have also developed accordingly, and a large number of talents have emerged.

Chaoshan people often laugh at themselves in the rural corner at the end of the province. Spread out the map of China, Chaoshan is located in the southeast corner, with mountains in the north and coastal areas in the south. It lives in the east of Guangdong, nearly 500 miles away from the provincial capital Guangzhou, which is also worthy of the name. Even if the traffic is convenient now, you can fly directly to Guangzhou and Beijing at Jieyang Chaoshan Airport, but it still takes five or six hours to get to Guangzhou by car. Imagine, in ancient times, when the traffic was backward, wasn't it "a bird flying for half a year"?

Chaoshan people belong to Fulao nationality, and their formation is directly related to Fujian immigrants. Fujian has always been a vast country with few people, and the Chaoshan area in Guangdong is only separated by a ridge, which is the first stop for Fujian immigrants to move in. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Fujian immigrants have been pouring into Guangdong. It is said that during Han Yu's demotion to Chaozhou, he once "taught chaozhou people with pronunciation", that is, he transformed Chaozhou dialect with the pronunciation of the Central Plains, but it failed. Obviously, Chaozhou dialect has become more and more stereotyped and difficult to change. Since the Song Dynasty, a large number of Fujian people and Chaoshan people have traveled south along the coastal roads in batches, reaching the western coast of Guangdong and Hainan Island, and communicating with residents, forming another branch of the Fulao people in Guangdong.

Chaoshan area is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the sea on the other. Although China is rich in Chaoshan plain, its living environment is not easy, and typhoons and earthquakes often threaten it. In addition, there have always been fewer people and more arable land per capita. Such a living environment has cultivated the fine tradition of intensive cultivation of Chaoshan people, so Chaoshan people have the saying that "farming is like embroidery".

Chaoshan people are distributed in the southeast coast of Guangdong, and their lives depend on the ocean. Marine culture is one of the most developed and important features of Chaoshan culture, such as farming the sea, exploration and worship of Poseidon. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Chaozhou fishermen had been working in deep-sea fishing grounds, and one of the earliest fishing grounds in China appeared. Indonesian merchant ships went to Chaozhou for trade in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Chaoshan area developed maritime commercial and trade activities. Even in the early Qing Dynasty, when the sea was banned, Chapman secretly conducted overseas trade. Like the Guangzhou Gang, the merchant groups of Chaozhou Gang were involved in whale waves and pursued the interests of the ocean.

After the Opium War, Shantou opened its port, and Chaoshan people made a living abroad, so Chaoshan area became an important hometown of overseas Chinese with the same reputation as Jiangmen Wuyi. Of course, entering this world will never be smooth sailing. It is the struggle and struggle of life, and it is a difficult choice forced by life. There is a ballad as proof, "No money, no food, pick a burden across Siam (that is, Thailand). When the fireboat arrives on seven continents, look back at my hometown. My parents and mother-in-law cried until my heart ached. " "Siamese ships, water all the way, will live and die today." If you can't earn food, you will become a ghost and hate it. "However, hipsters have smart minds and fighting spirit after all. In addition, the economies of these countries in Nanyang were far behind that of China at that time, and the business of hipsters who like to hold groups was getting bigger and bigger. Now in Southeast Asia, especially Thailand, the ancestral homes of many big businessmen are in Chaoshan.

Strong commodity consciousness is an advantageous cultural quality of Chaoshan people. They are not only intensive in agriculture, but also meticulous in handicrafts. They are more cautious in doing business and are very good at management. They are famous at home and abroad, so they are called "Oriental Jews". However, a mercenary and shrewd businessman always makes people jealous. This is also the fuse of the bloody anti-Semitic movement in history, and the "anti-Chinese movement" in Southeast Asia has similar reasons. Now many Chaoshan people seem to be complacent and proud of the title of "Oriental Jew". In fact, there is a sad history of blood and tears behind this name.

In the history of China, Shanxi merchants, Huizhou merchants and Chaozhou merchants are famous all over the world, and their brands are obviously more prominent than Chaozhou merchants. The "bank number" opened by Shanxi people influenced the financial market of the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years, and even Empress Dowager Cixi reached out to Shanxi merchants to borrow money. Shanxi merchants with deep pockets, returning home with clothes and luxurious houses, left many "courtyards" in Shanxi today. It's just that modern Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants have all died out, but the flag of Chaoshang merchants is still there. This is related to the fact that Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants are essentially official merchants, and only Chaozhou merchants take the road of market. Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants, as official merchants, are attached to the court to handle necessities such as salt, rice and tea, or invoice numbers, which are equivalent to today's steel, tobacco, finance and other industries. They are usually supervised by the state. Once you enter these monopoly businesses, it will be followed by huge profits. However, once Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants lost their attachment, their fate would be over. Chaozhou merchants adhere to the relatively simple market-oriented road, "a single spark can start a prairie fire", so they can go all the way to today.

Chaozhou Guild Hall has been built in many places with Chinese in the world. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many commercial ports in China also set up Chaozhou Guild Hall. Southeast Asian countries, as well as the United States, Canada and Australia, have also established hipster associations. Chaozhou dialect international conference, established in 198 1, holds international gatherings every two years. 1997 the eighth annual meeting was held for the first time in Shantou, the hometown of hipsters. At that time, US President Bill Clinton also sent a congratulatory message to the meeting, showing the influence of hipsters overseas.

Chaoshan people are good at business, but they don't exclude scholars. Chaozhou people believes that this is related to Han Yu, a great writer in the middle Tang Dynasty, being demoted to Chaozhou as a secretariat. After Han Yu took office, he recommended local Toshihiko to run state schools and set up schools at the same time. In order to solve the funding problem, he also donated more than eight months' salary. Later, successive local officials also attached importance to education, which made Chaoshan people elegant. Exquisite attitude towards life is deeply rooted in hipsters, as if it is a kind of pressure in their blood, even if they are chess pieces. I met a tricycle driver, Xiao Xian, who was waiting for the guests, and did not forget to drink several cups of elegant congou. Liu Sanbian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said, "Let's be superficial and sing shallowly." In fact, hipsters sing low with superficial fame and meager profits, so that work and life will not be delayed. Someone once summed up the hipster's mentality as "congou tea" culture, and the voice of criticism was endless, as if congou tea was once abandoned and replaced with a big bowl of tea was a great event. This is inevitable. Without the exquisiteness of congou tea, how can there be hipsters?