What is the main content of Su Shi's Xi Yu Ting Ji? How much did he write? What are they?

The original pavilion was named after rain, which means [1] happiness. If the ancients were happy, they would use famous things to show that they would not forget. Duke of Zhou took the five grains as the title [2]; Hanwu won the tripod, named after its year [3]; Uncle Suntong named his son Sheng Di [4]. His joy varies in size, which shows that he has not forgotten one.

Give it to the year after hurricane [5] and then rule the official residence. In order to stand in the north of the hall, the pond was dug in the south, and the trees were drained, which was a place to rest. It is also the spring of the year, and the rain wheat is in the sun of Qishan [6], accounting for one year [7]. When the moon doesn't rain [8], people think it is worrying. In March, it was raining second base, and it was raining second base. People think this is not enough. Ding Mao's heavy rain stopped in three days [9]. Officials celebrate in the court, businessmen sing in the city, farmers linger in the wild [10], worry about the people and be happy [1 1], and patients recover, so our library is suitable.

So he held the wine on the pavilion and told it as a guest [12], saying, "It won't rain for five days? You said,' If it doesn't rain for five days, there will be no wheat.' Ten days without rain? He said,' If it doesn't rain for ten days, there will be no food. No wheat, no food, old hunger [13], prosperous prison proceedings, arrogant thieves. So my second son and my third son, although we also want to travel and enjoy this pavilion, have we got it? Today, instead of leaving my people behind, I was given rain at the beginning of the drought, so that my second and third sons and I were given rain even though we wanted to travel in order to enjoy this pavilion [14]. Can you forget? "

The pavilion is not only famous, but also sung, saying, "it makes the rain drop, which the cold can't think of;" It makes it rain like jade, and hungry people will never think it is millet. It has been raining for three days. Who can help? People say satrap. If there is no satrap, it is the son of heaven. The son of heaven said otherwise, it belongs to creation [15]. If you don't think you have succeeded, you will return to space. Space is invisible and cannot be named. I am famous for my pavilion. " [Edit this paragraph] Note [1] Record, note, and then write "Record".

[2] Zhou Chengwang's half-brother, Tang Shu, got different gains. This kind of grain is two grains born in different fields, but they are combined into an ear. So he gave it to the king, and the king gave it to the duke of Zhou. After the Duke of Zhou collected the grain, he wrote a golden harvest. Jiahe has been lost, and there is only one title left in Shangshu. (The Life of Shang Zhou Shu Shu Weizi)

[3] According to the Records of Emperor Wu Han, in May of the first year of Ding Yuan (1 16 BC), Baoding was in Fenshui, so it was renamed as the first year of Ding Yuan. According to the research of Tongjian, Debaoding should be in Ding Yuan for four years, and then it was renamed as Ding Yuan.

[4] In the eleventh year of Lu Wengong, the Northern Emperor Mountain refused to allow the country to attack Lu, and Lu Wengong sent his uncle and grandson to defend the enemy, defeated Yanshan, killed his king Qiao Ru, and then showed his merits for his son Qiao Ru.

[5] Fufeng, namely Fengxiang House, is now Fengxiang House in Shaanxi. Su Shi was the judge of Fengxiang House, and served in Jiayou for six years (A.D. 106 1). Next year, the year after.

[6] Rain wheat, the world wheat. Qishan, now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province.

[7] Zhan, divination. Year after year. One year means a bumper harvest. People don't know whether Yumai is "auspicious", so it is divination.

[8] Me, man. Next month, the whole month. Rain, rain (verb).

[9] Yi Mao, the second day of April; Jia Zi, April 11th; Ding Mao, April 14th.

[10] edge, happy, like it.

[11] with, preposition, cause, object omission.

[12] belongs to (Zhu, 3 tones), note, discretion. Being a guest is to pour wine for the guests.

[13] recommended, heavy. Recommend hunger, frequent famine.

[14] Have a good tour, rhyme and make a leisurely appearance.

[15] creator, creator. [Edit this paragraph] The pavilion was named after Rain to commemorate this festive event. In ancient times, when there were happy events, they were used to name things to show that they would never forget. When the Duke of Zhou got rice grains from the emperor, he used "Golden Harvest" as the title of his article. When Emperor Wudi got Baoding, he called it Ding Yuan. Uncle Suntong Chen De defeated Ren Di Qiao Ru and took Qiao Ru as his son's name. Their happy events are different in size, but they have the same meaning.

It was not until the second year of Fufeng that the official residence was built. I built a pavilion in the north of the main hall, dug a pond in the south, drew running water and planted trees as a resting place. This spring, it rained wheat to the south of Qishan, and divination is a good year this year. However, it didn't rain for a whole month, so people were worried. It rained on the third day of March, and it rained again on Jiazi Day. People think this is not enough. It rained heavily again on Ding Mao Day, and it didn't stop for three days. Officials celebrated together in the yard, businessmen sang together in the market, and farmers laughed together in the field. So, the sad people were happy, the sick people were cured, and my pavilion was just created.

So, I raised my glass to the guests in the pavilion and asked them, "Can it not rain for five days?" You will answer,' If it doesn't rain for five days, wheat won't grow.' He asked,' Can it not rain for ten days?' You will answer,' If it doesn't rain for ten days, you can't raise live rice.' No wheat, no rice, natural disasters in the year, many lawsuits and rampant thieves. So even if you and I want to have fun on this pavilion, is it possible? Now God does not abandon the people here. It rains whenever there is drought, so that I can have fun with you in the upper reaches of this pavilion. Thank you for the gift of this rain! Can this be forgotten again? "

After naming the pavilion with it, I went on to sing. The lyrics say: "If there is a pearl in the world, people who suffer from cold can't take it as a short coat;" If there is white jade in the world, hungry people can't take it as food. It rained for three days. Whose strength is this? The people say it's the satrap, and the satrap says it doesn't have this power. Thanks to the son of heaven, the son of heaven denied it. It belongs to the creator, and the creator does not regard it as his own credit, but belongs to space. The space is empty, so I can't name it, so I use it to name my pavilion [edit this paragraph]. This essay is closely related to the word "Western Pavilion", either alone or jointly, or citing ancient historical facts, or asking questions from the subject and object, and it is open-minded and cheerful, conveying an irresistible joy. [Edit this paragraph] Appreciation Su Shi was the book signing judge of Fengxiang House in the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1). The pavilion was built in the second year, which coincided with the jubilant spring rain, hence the name "Western Pavilion". Starting with the reason of the pavilion's name, this paper describes the construction process of the pavilion, expresses people's happy mood after a long rain, and embodies the Confucian benevolent government thought that the author attaches importance to agriculture and people. The article is flexible in syntax and lively in style, and expresses opinions easily and implicitly in funny conversations, giving people the feeling of lifting weights easily.

Xi Yu Ting Ji was written by Su Shi when he was a judge in Fengxiang House in the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1). The full text is not long, * * * 500 words, only four short paragraphs, but it writes strange colors.

Xi Yu Ting Ji is one of Su Shi's prose works, and its prose form, content and artistic feeling are worthy of our attention.

The word "like rain" appeared earlier in history. "Biography of Spring and Autumn Valley Liang" says that "those who don't rain in summer and April also rain, and those who rain in June also like rain". This is the first time that the word "Xi Yu" has appeared. The word "happiness" is used to explain people's feelings and comments on the rain, so Erya said: "When the rain falls, everyone will be honored, which is called the unitary ritual spring", and "ritual spring", which means that the rain represents it, contains the meaning of loving the rain and is linked with the relationship between people. There is an article in Zhuangzi about a heavy rain in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Song Gong Jing, drought for three years. Bu Zhi, this is the man that Rain worships. Gong Xiatang nodded:' I am a person who asks for rain; Killing people today, no. Someone will take care of it. It rained thousands of miles before death. "This kind of rain can be said to be like rain, which has a great relationship with people's livelihood, so all previous literary works have chanted about it. After the Book of Songs, Cao Zhi, Xie Zhuang, Xie Tiao, Bao Zhao and others all wrote some poems about rain, and Du Fu also wrote poems about rain in the Tang Dynasty, such as Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Love Rain, and Love Rain in My Uncle's Mansion. There are also many people who chant "Happy Rain" in the form of Fu, such as Jin Fuxian, Fu Liang of Six Dynasties and Song Dynasty, Zhang Shuo of Tang Dynasty and Jia Deng's "Happy Rain". It is hard to say that they are famous, but they show the joy of bringing showers to the people and foretelling the future harvest. One of the most famous should be Du Fu's "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently".

Strangely, in the history of literature, it is rare to write happiness in the form of prose. Therefore, Su Shi's essay Xi Yu Ting Ji is very prominent. Of course, it is not surprising if you write this theme yourself just because the predecessors didn't write it, and it is a contribution to the history of literature. Once later generations take over writing and surpass the works of predecessors, the former can only have a little literary history value, not to mention the eternal value of art. Su Shi's Xi Yu Ting Ji is not like this, because it has high artistic value and many interesting places. Perhaps it is this that makes later writers flinch and willingly make Su Shi stand out from the crowd.

At the beginning, the article pointed out the naming reason of "rain", which is closely related to the word "Xi". He quoted three major events in history as a foreshadowing, indicating that the ancients had happy events, which were often named to commemorate them, or to indicate future happy events. All three things are interesting. Because they are related to national politics, and some of them also contain the relationship between heaven and man. First, according to legend, Zhou Chengwang's half-brother, Uncle Tang, got a different kind of grain and gave it to Wang Cheng. King Cheng transferred the grain to the Duke of Zhou. Duke Zhou then wrote an article "Golden Harvest". Second, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got a Baoding in Fenshui in May 1 16 BC, so he changed the year number to the first year. The third thing, in the eleventh year of Lu Wengong, the Northern Emperor secretly attacked Lu, and Lu Wengong sent his uncle Sun to defend against the enemy and captured the monarch Qiao Ru, so he named his son Qiao Ru. The last thing, for people today, is almost inexplicable. Why use the enemy's name as the son's name? This is something worth studying. In any case, this is the author's foreshadowing for Rain Pavilion. With this foreshadowing, it is logical to talk about things and rain. This is like a syllogism of major premise and minor premise in logic. With the major premise, the following words are easy to say and acceptable.

In his second year in Fengxiang House, Su Shi built official houses, did administrative work, dug ponds to drain water and beautify the environment. Unfortunately, it didn't rain for a whole month and drought appeared, so disaster would be the inevitable result. Looking at Yun Ni in the early morning, people's worries can be imagined. Here, it just shows the ingenuity of Su Shi's pen and ink. As we know, when Su Shi was writing Fu on the Back of Red Cliff, he once said that he was lonely and just happened to have two friends. First frost dewdrop, the bright moon is attractive, and you want to drink it empty. A good wife has just presented a long-cherished wine; There was nothing to drink, just as the guest smiled and took out fresh water. Everything is so coincidental and satisfying. It's the same here People are eager for rain, and the result is "it rains the first day, and it rains the next day". This kind of sentence is easy, but it is not tasteless. It's very similar to the language in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but it's a question and prediction in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it's truthfully provided here for fascinating reading. Is it enough? "People think it's not enough. Ding Mao's heavy rain will stop in three days!" According to the survey, Mao Yi is the second day of April, Jiazi is April 11th, and Ding Mao is April 14th. It rained three times in a row in half a month. The first two times were not enough, and the third time it rained for three consecutive days. It's raining hard, it's raining hard, it's raining hard Say good rain, like rain, this is really good rain, like rain! Du Fu's "sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently" always makes people feel subtle and not atmospheric enough. Here, we should pay attention to the function of the sentence "people think it is not enough". Only when this suppression and decline, and then the next three days of heavy rain, can show the effect. Without this sentence, of course it can be established, but it is much softer to read.

The cheerful atmosphere produced by this heavy rain is considerable: "officials celebrate with the imperial court, businessmen celebrate with the city, farmers mourn with the wilderness, those who are worried are happy, and those who are sick are recovering ...". This is a happy picture of the whole people enjoying the happiness of the government and the people. Compared with Ouyang Xiu's Taishou and Joy of the People, it is really far from it, because Ouyang Xiu's music is not practical, overhead and floating, but is creating articles and feelings, and Su Shi writes truthfully here. We seem to have joined Su Shi's love rain scene. Only in this way, it is natural and meaningful for Su Shi to name the newly completed pavilion "Happy Rain".

The name of the pavilion has its own origin. After making it clear, it means that this song will eventually be elegant and beautiful. However, Su Shi did a good article here, saying that he rummaged through everything surprisingly well and dared to trace back to the source. In any case, the author shows amazing artistic skills here. The author turns his pen in different directions and discusses "Happy Rain" from the perspective of negative people by asking questions. The winding path leads to a secluded place. Let's think about it, maybe this is the only way to continue to write about this rain, but Su Shi found it, not necessarily by accident, maybe it is Su Shi's real skill. The article said: "It won't rain for five days? Say: it doesn't rain for five days, and there is no wheat. ..... ten days without rain? Say: it doesn't rain for ten days, and the grain won't be harvested. " No wheat, no food, famine everywhere, thieves, people suffering. But in less than five days, less than ten days, the rain suddenly came and benefited our people. How can it be said that God is unkind to the whole people? With such a passage, the article looks very full and plump, which is even more gratifying in contrast.

At this point, Su Shi began to write calligraphy, dancing and writing ink, which is also wonderful. "Make the sky rain beads, cold people may not think Yan; When it rains, I'm so hungry that I can't think of Xiaomi. If it rains for three consecutive days, who can help? People say that satrap does not exist; For the son of heaven, the son of heaven said otherwise; Creation belongs to creation, and creation does not take credit; Back in space, space is invisible and can't be named. I am named after my pavilion. " You see, he still boarded the pavilion, one step at a time, and made great contributions. Like painting cakes, he found a sentence in front of the satrap, the son of heaven, creation and space, so that all these people silently and modestly refused this honor. How beautiful it is, all the governors have presented it and then put it on the theme. In that case, let's name it after. A virtual reality, a push, a push, will always be the original intention of Xiang Zhuang sword dance.

The author is obsessed with a word "rain" and a word "happiness". In less than 500 words, the word "rain" appeared 15 times, twice as a verb, and "hi" and "le" appeared six times. From beginning to end, it was a happy and rainy atmosphere.

In ancient China, since Mencius, founders and officials should have the idea of having fun with the people. There are many people who write such works, but not many really write well. Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion is one of them, and Su Shi's article is even better. Good is implemented, not empty.

This article also has some noteworthy remarks. First, there are many parallelism sentences. For example, in the first paragraph, in order to show that the ancients remembered famous things when they had happy events, the author gave three examples. Three examples are three parallelism sentences. With the help of this syntax, readers have a sense of thorough reasoning and enrichment in meaning. After the second period of heavy rain, the happy scenes of the people and the "rain beads" and "rain jade" in the fourth paragraph are also in the form of parallelism. When people are full of joy and dancing, words must be changed, and it is impossible to have an orderly organization of words to attract people's attention. Second, the ending rhymes. The ending of Xi Yu Ting Ji is very interesting. It not only takes care of the beginning, but also gives people a lot of associations, which deserves our attention. Su Shi's philosophical thought is the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In his poems, there are often sentences asking questions about nature to express his outlook on life and his optimistic feelings. Who should I thank after this heavy rain? His imagination here is from the satrap to the son of heaven, from the son of heaven to the sky, and from the sky to the creation, in which "jade" rhymes with "millet", "heaven" rhymes with "strength", "merit" rhymes with "emptiness" and "ghost" rhymes with "name", which all form a systematic feeling and are full of energy.

Why was Guanzhong rich in ancient times, but unknown in modern times, especially after the Tang Dynasty? Has our race degenerated? I recently read (the history of immigration in Tang Dynasty) and found some answers. In the wave of migration from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, Guanzhong area was the first to bear the brunt, and a large number of people moved eastward, first passing through Luoyang, and then to Suzhou, Yangzhou and other canal areas. Fan Zhongyan, a famous great writer, was born in Bin County, Shaanxi Province, but he was from Suzhou. However, we can still feel the heroic demeanor of his descendants in Shaanxi from his literary works. Fan Zhongyan later served as an official in Shaanxi for many years, serving mulberry. In fact, there were13 northern immigrants in Wuxian (now Suzhou) at the end of the Tang Dynasty. In fact, whether from Haojing in the Western Zhou Dynasty to Luoyi in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; Or Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty to Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty; During the 42 years from Yang Di's move to Luoyang to Wu Zetian's living in Luoyang, the population migration from Guanzhong area to Luoyang has been one-way and moved to the southeast again. There are also Kunshan people in ancient and Ming dynasties who spent many years in Huashan and wrote the quatrain "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world". Writing here, I have to mention Su Dongpo, a great writer. He was a book signing judge of Fengxiang House at the beginning of Su Dongpo's official career, which is my hometown Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, which is Xijing in the Tang Dynasty. He used to be the residence of talented people and nobles in the late Tang Dynasty. Su Dongpo has been a book signing judge in Fengxiang Building for three years, which can be said to have a great influence on his life value. It is precisely because of the simple folk customs in his hometown and the influence of his hometown culture, the birthplace of Zhou and Qin culture, that his writing style has been affected. If a person's first love is the hardest to forget, then Su Dongpo can't forget the good times in Fengxiang, so that when he was later demoted to Huangzhou, he met Chen Jichang, a young ranger in Fengxiang, and they also remembered the scene of galloping in the north mountain of Fengxiang. In addition, the "Phoenix Pool" (Fengxiang East Lake) built in Fengxiang's office that year was later cloned successfully in Hangzhou West Lake and Huizhou West Lake in Guangdong. The famous Xi Yu Ting Ji embodies his great thought of having fun with the people.