How far are we from emigrating to Mars? After reading it, I gained knowledge.

As China's first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1 probe landed safely in the southern part of Mars Utopia Plain, marking the first time that we left the China mark on Mars. The topic of emigrating to Mars once again exploded the Internet.

Among the eight planets in the solar system, except Venus, Mars is the closest planet to the Earth. Mars, like the earth, revolves around the sun. Every 26 months, the distance between Mars and the Earth will be as close as possible. Even so, the distance between them is more than 55 million kilometers. According to the current aircraft speed, it takes 250 days to fly from Earth to Mars and 240 days to return to Earth. One day, we can really immigrate to Mars. If we go to Mars for our honeymoon, we will just get the certificate when we go, and the child will run away when we return to Earth. If you make a wireless call, the nearest distance will be delayed by three minutes, and the farthest distance may be delayed by twenty-two minutes.

Our ancestors knew about Mars for a long time. Although the planets in the night sky always change positions, Mars in the night sky is so bright and confusing that it is called "flicker". In the west, because of the blood-like color of Mars, the ancient Greeks regarded Mars as their god of war Ares. Later, the Romans also regarded MARS as their God of War (Mars), which is also the origin of Mars' English name.

Mars is about half the diameter of the earth, with a thin atmosphere, 95% carbon dioxide and 3% nitrogen. The point is, there is no oxygen on Mars. Although Mars, like the Earth, has four distinct seasons, the lowest temperature in winter reaches minus 125, and the highest temperature in summer is 22. If you have the conditions to immigrate, it is a good place for summer vacation. There is a lot of ice at the poles of Mars, and a lot of traces of water flow have been found, but no liquid water can be seen. Therefore, before considering Martian immigration, we must first solve the problem of water source.

About a billion years ago, Mars, like our earth today, had a very warm climate. As time goes by, Mars has become what it is today, both dry and cold. After the surface of Mars became cold, most of the carbon dioxide was absorbed and frozen by the soil, and the water on Mars turned into ice. Too much carbon dioxide will make the star have a greenhouse effect, but thin carbon dioxide will also make the star colder and colder.

The reason why the Martian atmosphere disappeared remains a mystery. But scientists believe that it may be that the volcano that can produce carbon dioxide on Mars has gradually become an extinct volcano. In addition, Mars is not big enough to attract the already thin atmosphere, and the high-energy solar wind has blown the chemicals in the Martian atmosphere into space.

It is precisely because Mars is the only planet other than Earth that has found solid water. For many years, many movies and novels have described Mars as the second livable place in the solar system, even suitable for human habitation. Some scientists even think that as long as Mars is transformed for a few years, maybe one day, when the earth's resources are exhausted, we humans can immigrate to Mars.

The premise of making Mars livable is to warm this cold star and melt the solid water at the poles of Mars into liquid water. In order to completely melt the solid water at the poles of Mars, at least the outer atmosphere of Mars should reach 40.

What is most likely to be achieved is the artificial greenhouse effect on Mars. Dr. Robert Zubolin, the founder of the Mars Society, believes that some chemical plants can be built on Mars to make carbon tetrafluoride around the clock. Carbon tetrafluoride is very stable to heat and can stay in the atmosphere for a long time. This is a very powerful greenhouse gas. According to the calculation, if 1 1,000 tons of carbon tetrafluoride is emitted every hour, it will only take 30 years for the average temperature of Mars to rise by 27.8 degrees. This process is expected to consume 5,000 MW, and five nuclear power plants can meet these energy needs.

When the average temperature of Mars rises, carbon dioxide frozen in the soil will be released slowly. The release of carbon dioxide will further increase the temperature of Mars. At this time, the solid water at the poles of Mars began to melt, forming liquid water. Under the action of temperature, water began to evaporate, eventually forming stormy weather, and rivers and oceans on Mars gradually formed.

When there is more and more carbon dioxide on Mars, air pressure is generated. At this time, humans can walk on Mars with oxygen bags on their backs. At this time, humans can start transplanting all kinds of plants to Mars. The growth of plants means the production of oxygen, and photosynthesis makes carbon dioxide produce oxygen.

However, it will take plants at least 1000 years to release enough oxygen for human beings to breathe freely.

In fact, the migration and transformation of Mars is only a theoretical idea. It is thousands of times more difficult for us to transform Mars than to protect the earth. In addition to water, there are deadly cosmic rays around Mars. The soil is toxic and there is almost no environment suitable for human survival. Studying the moon, Mars and space is more about thinking about our living environment and seeking and developing foreign energy.

Maybe yesterday's Mars is today's Earth, similarly, tomorrow's Earth may be today's Mars.

So, please take care of our earth!