Several important events in the history of relations with Xiongnu during Qin and Han Dynasties

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the development of social economy, the Huns had established a powerful slavery regime. Xiongnu Maodun

Khan took advantage of the struggle between Chu and Han to break the East Lake, attack Yueshi in the west, and conquer Dingling and Jiankun (about now Mongolia to Xibbole).

Asia), the south eliminated Loufan and Aries (about now in southern Inner Mongolia), and controlled North China, Northeast China and Northwest China.

In the vast area, there are more than 300,000 cavalry, which are very powerful.

With the formation and development of slavery, the state institutions of Xiongnu became more and more perfect. The supreme leader is called Khan, and Khan belongs to him.

Left and right butchers (that is, left and right wise kings), left and right valley kings, left and right generals, left and right captains, etc. These are big.

The nobles all command the army, riding more than 10 thousand, less than a thousand. There are also officers at all levels under big noble; Deal with politics

There are Xiao Wang, Xiang, Feng, Danghu and so on. These positions were inherited by nobles. Khan also divided the national territory into three parts.

In part, the left king Tutao ruled the east, Khan ruled the middle directly, and the right king Tutao ruled the west.

Xiongnu nobles often invaded the northern part of the Western Han Dynasty in order to plunder slaves and property. 20 BC1year (six years of Han dynasty), Mao

Khan sent troops to besiege Mayi, Han Wangxin surrendered and attacked Jinyang (Taiyuan, Shanxi) the following year. When Emperor Gaozu heard the news, he was sure to win.

Three hundred thousand troops fought and were besieged by Xiongnu in Dengbaishan, Pingcheng (southeast of Datong). After Chen Pingji, to Khan.

E Shi paid bribes to get out of danger. History is called "the siege of the city of peace".

In the early Han Dynasty, due to the urgent need of economic recovery and the instability of political power, Emperor Gaozu had to adopt the method of "pro-marriage" to make the Han family public.

The Lord married Shan Yu and sent a large amount of silk, grain, wine and so on every year. However, the democratic policy could not stop the Huns from plundering.

Hold on. BC 166 (the 14th year of Emperor Wen), Xiongnu Lao Shang Khan led 140,000 cavalry to attack and kill Beidi County (the county ruled Guyuan).

County commandant, forward to Yong (Fengxiang, Shaanxi) and Ganquan (Chunhua, Shaanxi), burned back to the palace. Eight years later, Hungary

Slaves also invaded 30,000 riders from Yunzhong (Togtoh Banner, Inner Mongolia) and Shangjun (near Kebao, Nanyu, Yulin, Shaanxi).

Chang 'an City has frequent alarms.

During the Wenjing period, although the pro-Xiongnu policy was adopted, some preventive measures were taken to resist the invasion of Xiongnu. such as

Wendi reformed the rotation system of border guards and immigrated to the "real border" through tax exemption, knighthood and atonement. Also strongly advocate improving

Ma, prepare to fight back against Huns.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, due to the greatly strengthened centralization, the country's economic strength was unprecedented, and the conditions for countering the Huns were over.

It's all cooked. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the war against Xiongnu was mainly from 133 BC (the second year of Yuanguang) to 1 19 BC.

Years (yuanshou four years), has fought more than a dozen battles, including three decisive big battles. The first battle

It happened in 127 BC (the second year of yuanshuo). This year, the Huns invaded Shanggu and Yuyang (Miyun County, Beijing). Emperor Wu of Han dynasty

General Wei Qing and General Li Xi sent troops from the clouds to launch a surprise attack on the Huns in Hetao and its south. Xiongnu

The Aries King escaped. The Western Han Dynasty completely recovered Henan and relieved the Xiongnu's threat to Chang 'an. The Western Han Dynasty was established here.

Shuofang County (Hangjinqi, Inner Mongolia) and Wuyuan County (Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia).

The second battle was in BC 12 1 year (the second year of Yuanshou). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing out of Longxi and crossed Yanqi Mountain (Gansu

Rouge Mountain in the southeast of Shandan County marched westward, entered the territory of Xiongnu for more than 1000 miles, and fought hand-to-hand with the Xiongnu army, winning a great victory. That same summer,

Huo Qubing's second western expedition, the more in Yanze (Juyanhai, Inner Mongolia), attacked Qilian Mountain, and defeated Xiongnu Army and Xiongnu in Hexi.

The nobles suffered heavy losses. In the same year, the Xiongnu nobles split internally, and the evil king of Xiongnu led 40 thousand people to surrender to the Han Dynasty. After this war, Han was here.

Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Dunhuang are called "Hexi Four Counties" in history. Since then, the road of communication between Han and the western regions has been opened.

The third battle took place in 1 19 BC (the fourth year of yuanshou). In order to completely defeat the Huns, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called the generals to discuss.

, decided to go deep into Mobei to fight back against Xiongnu. This year, General Wei Qing and General Huo Qubing, a title of generals in ancient times, led hundreds of cavalry to divide things.

Forward in two ways. In view of the wrong judgment of Xiongnu nobles that the Han army could not go on an expedition, the Western Han Dynasty adopted the tactics of attacking and chasing. protect

The marked army led by the Qing army set out from Dingxiang, crossed the desert and traveled thousands of miles to the north, and surrounded the Xiongnu Khan army. After a fierce battle,

Xiongnu Khan led hundreds of riders to break through and fled far away, and the main force was wiped out. The Han army chased Zhao Xincheng (at the foot of Mount Hang Ai in Mongolia). suddenly

The sick East Route Army sent troops from Dai Jun (Yuxian county, Hebei province), went more than 2,000 miles, crossed the desert, and joined forces with Xiongnu Zuo.

Take part in the battle, defeat your opponent and return home in triumph. After this war, the Huns were too weakened to go south on a large scale.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty won a decisive victory over the Xiongnu War, stopped the brutal plunder of Xiongnu nobles and protected feudalism.

With the development of economy, the northern border areas have been further developed, which facilitates the traffic between the Han nationality and the western regions.

With the weakening of the military power of Xiongnu nobles, Huns and other enslaved people of all ethnic groups rose up against Xiongnu nobles.

The struggle is becoming increasingly fierce. In this case, the Xiongnu ruling group clashed. During the reign of Zhao Di, there were five events in which Khan competed for the throne.

And then divided into north and south parts. In 5 1 year BC (Ganlu three years), the southern Xiongnu fell to a Han dynasty of the northern Xiongnu.

Khan was forced to move westward and was killed by the Western Han Dynasty. With the help of the Han Dynasty, Uhaanyehe reunited the Huns. In 33 BC

In the first year of Jingning, Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty married as a imperial secretary (Zhaojun), ending the Han-Hungarian Empire of 100 years.

An armed conflict between the two countries. About half a century later, there was a scene of peace on the northern border. In recent years, in Baotou and other places

A tile with the words "Khan and Qin" written on it was unearthed in the tombs at the end of the Han Dynasty, which is a powerful proof of the improvement of Sino-Hungarian relations.

Although there were frequent military conflicts between Xiongnu nobles and the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty, the people of China and Hungary maintained friendship.

Exchanges and economic and cultural exchanges. Frequent economic and cultural exchanges not only enrich the economic literature of the people of all ethnic groups in the mainland with the Han nationality as the main body

Life also promoted the social and economic development of Xiongnu. Houses and bricks found in Xiongnu ruins

All kinds of silk fabrics show that the economy and culture have developed greatly after the Huns came into contact with the Han nationality.