What influence has Norway's human geography and physical geography brought to Norway's local culture, folk customs and customs?

The Kingdom of Norway (Norwegian: Kongeriket Norge or Kongeriket Noreg), referred to as "Norway" (Norwegian: Norge or Noreg), which means "the road to the north", is one of the five Nordic countries and located in the west of Scandinavia. The territory of Norway is long and narrow from north to south, with long and winding coastline and numerous coastal islands. Known as the "country of ten thousand islands", it borders Sweden, Finland and Russia, and its territories also include Svalbard and Jan Mayen. The capital is Oslo. Including Svalbard Islands (Spitsbergen Islands), Jan Mayen (Bouvet Island-Norwegian Nature Reserve) and other dependencies. Located in the western part of Scandinavia in northern Europe, it borders Sweden in the east, Finland and Russia in the northeast, Denmark across the sea in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the west.

A unified kingdom was formed in the 9th century, and Viking reached its peak in the 8th ~11century. /kloc-began to decline in the 0/4th century and has been a member of the Danish-controlled Kalmar Union since 1397. 18 14 became a Swedish territory, and 1905 declared independence.

Norway is a highly developed industrialized country, and its oil industry is an important pillar of the national economy. Norway is also the largest oil producer in Western Europe and the third largest oil exporter in the world. Norway has been rated as the most livable country by the United Nations for six consecutive years since 200 1, and ranked first in the global human development index from 2009 to 20 18.

Norway is a highly developed capitalist country and one of the richest countries in the world today. As a member of NATO, this economy is a model of successful combination of market liberalization and government macro-control. Norway is also one of the pioneers in creating a modern welfare state. In addition, papermaking, shipbuilding, machinery, hydropower, chemical industry and wood processing are also traditional developed industries in Norway. Norway is currently not a member of the European Union and does not use the euro.

In 20 17, Norway was rated as the happiest country in the world by the United Nations.

With a coastline of 2 1 10,000 km (including fjords), it is a natural harbor. It is a long and narrow mountain from north to south. Scandinavian mountains run through the whole territory, and plateaus, mountains and glaciers account for more than two thirds of the whole territory. Hills, lakes and swamps are widely distributed in the south. Most areas belong to temperate maritime climate, and the internal mountain climate is cold. Norway is one of the most important maritime countries in the world, with winding coastline and more than 654.38+500,000 offshore islands. It is not only an excellent port, but also a scenic tourist area.

The highest peak in Norway is GePark Jung Su, which is 2470 meters above sea level.

The Norwegian mainland has a sub-frigid coniferous forest climate, the southern part has a temperate maritime climate, and Svalbard and Jan Mayen have a tundra climate. The annual average temperature in the capital is 7℃, and the annual precipitation is about 740mm.

Norway is rich in oil and gas, water power, forest and fishery resources. The offshore oil industry, which emerged in the 1970s, has become an important pillar of the national economy. Now it is the largest oil producer in Western Europe and the third largest oil exporter in the world. By the end of 2007, the total proven reserves of crude oil and natural gas were 654.38+0.3 billion standard cubic meters (oil equivalent), and 35% of them had been exploited. The northern coast is rich in hydraulic resources and is a world-famous fishing ground.

Norway is rich in water resources. Because the watershed is too close to the coast, the river is short and the drop is large. There are many glaciers and lakes in Norway, because they are rich in dissolved water, which is very suitable for hydropower generation. The exploitable hydropower resources are about 654.38+87 million kWh, and 63% of them have been developed.

Other mineral resources are: 200-500 million tons of coal, 300 million tons of iron and 0/80,000 tons of titanium/kloc. The northern coast is a world-famous fishing ground.

By 20 12, the total population of Norway has reached 5 million. 96% are Norwegians, and there are about 30,000 Sami, mainly distributed in the north. The official language is Norwegian. 90% of the residents believe in Lutheran, the state religion.

culture

As the vast territory of 1/3 is located in the Arctic Circle, the Norwegian diet cannot be separated from fish and aquatic products. The leading products are smoked salmon, fresh cod, herring and shrimp. Meat includes mutton, veal and beef, and moose and reindeer meat are also common. In Oslo's home cooking, there are meatballs and stewed mutton in autumn and snow-capped quails in winter. Cheese is also delicious, especially bread slices or honeycomb cakes coated with sweet goat cheese. There are many restaurants in Oslo with different flavors and high quality. Unfortunately, the prices are relatively expensive, regardless of grades. There are all kinds of restaurants near Carl John Street. The area around Ake Wharf Shopping Center is very lively in summer, and many small and mini outdoor cafes are full. Norwegian people like beer, wine and whisky best, but the prices are very high.

custom

Norwegians like shaking hands very much. Whenever strangers meet, they always shake hands and exchange names. Similarly, shake hands when you meet people you don't know very well in the future.

The official language of Norway is Norwegian, and English is the common language.

Norwegians speak two similar official languages, which are also taught in schools. Bokemar is the main language. Because it evolved from Danish, it is also called Dano-Nolwegian. Spread to 80% of the population. Another language is New-New-Nolwegian (New-Norwegian or Nynolsk), because it evolved from the old Norwegian language under the rule of Denmark. It contains many characteristics of everyday dialects and is grass-roots. After the Second World War, due to the influence of urbanization, the new Norwegian language was obviously used less, so Polkmer language still dominated. Norwegians in tourist areas also generally speak English, but people in rural areas hardly speak English.

believe

95% of the population in Norway is Norwegian, and there are about 20,000 Sami in the north. 90% of Norwegian residents believe in Lutheran, the state religion.

Norway has a developed shipping industry, and its main ports are Oslo, Trondheim and Bergen. The annual throughput of Oslo Port is about100000 tons. The main airports are Oslo, Bergen and Stavanger.

The public transport system in Norway is quite convenient, and trains, buses and ferries are closely related to each other. You can get "NSBTogruter" at the railway station for free, which contains detailed train schedules and onboard transfer information, which is very practical. The departure time of ships and buses will change due to seasons and even holidays (for example, there are few transport flights on Saturday), so you may wish to ask the travel agencies around the country for the latest timetable.

Norway is one of the pioneers in creating a modern welfare state. The welfare state is based on an economic system aimed at ensuring social and economic security. Every citizen is a member of the national welfare and labor protection organization, and enjoys a set of extensive economic assistance such as medical care, old-age care and disability benefits.

In the past few years, the state has concentrated on improving the living standards of families with children. In addition to the fact that every family can get child support, the holiday regulations related to women's childbirth are also very broad. More than 90% children attend public schools for free, and the acceptance period is nine years, but everyone has the right to continue their studies. A large part of Norway's economic activities in the new century are based on the utilization of natural resources. At the same time, Norway is also the most dependent country on its international trade. In order to meet the challenges in the future, both enterprises and governments attach great importance to research and development.

High-consumption countries

If you want to go there to play, you must bring more money. According to a survey, Oslo has surpassed the British capital London and Sydney, Australia, becoming the city with the highest price level in the world. The prices of 26 kinds of daily consumer goods in Oslo are 83% higher than the international average.

education

Ten-year compulsory education was implemented from 65438 to 0998. Most schools are public, with the central government in charge of higher education and local governments in charge of secondary and primary education. There are 7 1 institutions of higher learning.

outstanding

Amundsen (1872- 1928) was the first person to reach the South Pole and the first person to sail through the northwest channel in northern Canada.

Fridtjof Nansen (186 1- 1930), a scientist, polar scholar, artist and politician, skied across Greenland and sailed the sailboat "Fromm" across the Arctic Ocean. 1922 was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

The explorer Thule Heyerdahl (19 14-) once arrived in Polynesia from South America on the raft "Kantiki", which proved that early Indians could have crossed the Pacific Ocean in the same way, and also sailed the cattail boat "La", which proved that humans might have already crossed the Atlantic Ocean.

Henrik ibsen (1828- 1906), a dramatist, A House of Ghosts and Dolls, but you may see Ibsen's plays as often as you do in new york, London, Paris or Berlin. Ibsen added psychological depth and social effects to European drama that have been lacking since Shakespeare.

Beyonce Stiener Beyonson (1832-1910)1903 won the Nobel Prize in Literature. He mainly wrote folk customs, novels, poems and plays, and created the Norwegian national anthem and lyrics.

Henrik Ibsen

Knut Hamsun (1859- 1952) and 1920 won the Nobel Prize in Literature for the book Growth of the Earth, whose works include Hunger, Pan Shen and Victoria.

Sigrid undset (1882- 1949) won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1928. Her masterpiece is a trilogy about Christine Ralph Ronstadt, which has been translated and published in many languages. [ 10]

Writer edvard munch (1863- 1944) and painter Monk are the founders and composers of modern painting expressionism, Edvard Grieg.

Sonja henie (19 12- 1969) has won ten world championships in figure skating and three Olympic championships. Gleiter Witz (1953-) is the most familiar Norwegian woman on the asphalt road in new york. She won marathons in new york and London, and also won world championships in marathons and field events many times. Gleiter Witz is famous in history as a pioneer of women's long-distance running.