What impact does the South-to-North Water Transfer Project have on China?

(A) the impact on China's long-term economic development

1. The rational allocation of water resources is the basic problem facing the long-term economic development of China. The rational allocation of water resources has become a basic problem that China's economic development has been facing for a long time and must be properly handled.

Although the total amount of water resources in China is rich, the per capita possession is small. Among them, 10 provinces are below the minimum living security line. At present, the water shortage in these provinces is still increasing. Since the 1990s, the average area of cultivated land affected by drought in China is nearly 400 million mu, which is 2.3 times higher than that in the 1970s. At present, China's irrigation areas lack about 30 billion cubic meters of water every year, and urban water supply is generally insufficient, with an annual water shortage of about 6 billion cubic meters.

The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in China is very different, which aggravates the severity of water shortage in some places. The basic feature of spatial distribution of water resources in China is that the north is poor and the south is rich. The runoff of the Yangtze River basin and its south area accounts for 84% of the total runoff of the seven major rivers in China, and the per capita water resources and per mu water resources are higher than the national average. However, the river runoff in the Huanghuaihai River Basin only accounts for 9.9% of the whole country, and the per capita water resources are only 15% of the national average and116 of the world average. The per capita water resources in the north are 1 127 cubic meters, which is only 1/3 of the per capita water resources in the south. Rivers in the northern region are cut off, groundwater is seriously overexploited, and the phenomenon of large-scale decline of groundwater level is becoming more and more serious. The United Nations Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) listed the northern part of China and the Caspian Basin in Central Asia as areas with serious shortage of fresh water resources in the report "Environment in the Asia-Pacific Region in 2000".

2. The implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is conducive to improving the allocation efficiency of resources and promoting the modernization of China.

In 2000, China's GDP reached 8.9 trillion yuan, exceeding 1 trillion US dollars, and the per capita GDP exceeded 800 US dollars, which has successfully completed the second-step strategic goal of modernization. In the new century, China's economic and social development has begun to move towards the third-step strategic goal of modernization. The goal of the third stage is very different from the first two strategic steps. It is not only to maintain long-term rapid economic growth, but more importantly, to achieve sustainable economic, social and environmental development and achieve coordinated regional development.

3. Project implementation can promote the formation of potential production capacity by improving water resources conditions. Realistic economic growth The impact of the implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project on economic growth not only directly promotes the growth of GDP, but also improves the local ecological environment and production conditions, promotes the formation and improvement of the production capacity of the receiving area, transforms its potential resource advantages into economic advantages, and promotes the overall economic growth of the receiving area. North China is a relatively developed area in China, and the "Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Capital Economic Circle" is one of the three economic growth centers in eastern China, with great advantages and potential for economic development. The region is rich in energy resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas, and mineral resources, such as iron ore, non-ferrous metals and gypsum. At the same time, this area is one of the areas with the highest density of railways and highways in China, with strong comprehensive transportation capacity, good location conditions and obvious traffic advantages. However, due to the shortage of water resources, the advantages of rich local natural resources combination have not been fully exerted. Northwest China has a vast territory, rich mineral resources and great potential for economic growth. With the implementation of the western development strategy, the demand scale of water resources will expand rapidly. The implementation of the water diversion project on the west line will create preconditions for the strategic deployment of the western development and the implementation of the distribution of productive forces, create conditions for attracting investment, improving agricultural production conditions, developing mineral resources and urban construction in this area, promote the transformation and development of old industrial bases, rationally adjust the distribution of productive forces and the construction and development of new industrial bases, and promote regional economic growth.

4. The influence of water-affected areas on industrial structure adjustment and rational allocation of factors

1. It is conducive to the development of resource advantages in water-affected areas and the formation of new economic growth points, the implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the optimal allocation of water resources, which can free more than 20 large and medium-sized cities in the north such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang from the shackles of water shortage and create opportunities for the development of more industries. For example, it can expand the scale of the original enterprises, improve efficiency through restructuring, and accelerate the adjustment of urban industrial structure; It can also give full play to the resource advantages along the water transmission line, especially along the western line project, and promote the formation of a new productivity layout. As far as agricultural production is concerned, the increasingly serious drought disaster in North China and Northwest China will be alleviated to a great extent, the irrigated farmland area will be further expanded, and the agricultural production conditions will be further improved, which can create conditions for increasing agricultural product output, improving agricultural planting structure, developing characteristic agriculture and efficient agriculture. The improvement of water resources conditions will also contribute to the formation of new economic growth points in the receiving area. For example, North China is an important production base of agricultural and sideline products in China, and deep processing of agricultural and sideline products is a new growth point of economic development in this region. Due to the shortage of water resources, this promising industry is currently greatly restricted, and it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of the agricultural follow-up industry in this area.

2. It is conducive to improving the investment environment of the water receiving area and promoting the rational allocation of resources. After the completion of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the investment environment in North China and Northwest China will be greatly improved. With the gradual elimination of the bottleneck of water resources affecting economic development, the attraction of these areas to production factors will be greatly enhanced, and the acceleration of the flow of production factors will be conducive to the allocation of resources.