Ming Dynasty·Xu Da built gates and guards, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty

Xu Da (13321385), courtesy name Tiande, was born in Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui). Farmer origin. In the 13th year of Yuan Zhizheng (1353), he participated in Zhu Yuanzhang's uprising army and was named Caiyong together with Chang Yuchun. In the fifteenth year, he followed Zhu Yuanzhang across the Yangtze River, quarried stones, and went to Jiqing (today's Nanjing). In the seventeenth year, he led his troops to march eastward and repeatedly defeated the army of Wu King Zhang Shicheng. In the autumn of the 23rd year, Chen Youliang was defeated at Poyang Lake. In September of the 27th year, he captured Pingjiang (today's Suzhou) and destroyed Wu. He captured Zhang Shicheng and his 250,000 soldiers. After returning the army to the army, he sent a letter to the Duke. In October of the same year, he led the army to conquer the Yuan Dynasty in the north. He first captured Shandong and then sent troops to Henan. Taking advantage of the victory, he captured the capital of the Yuan Dynasty (today's Beijing) and changed its name to Peking. Forcing Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty to go north to the desert, the Yuan Dynasty perished. The Taifu raised his troops to return from the fortress, and because of the Yu fortress, he raised the Yuguan and drove the stone to the battlements of Hainan, and built a fortification on the mountain in the north of Yunnan. , Who is Linge's honorary title or Ban? This is the poem "Xiangong Temple" written by Chen Wan, the director of the Shanhaiguan Military Department during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. The Xianggong Temple is dedicated to the founding general of the Ming Dynasty, Taifu Taifu, Zhongshan King Xu Da. The poem praises Xu Da's great achievements in building Shanhaiguan and building mountains and seas with fiery passion. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang strengthened his defense and built the Great Wall in order to prevent the remnant forces of the Yuan Dynasty who had retreated to Mobei from coming back. Xu Da presided over the reconstruction of Juyong Pass, the key to northern Beijing, to prevent Mongolian cavalry from raiding. In the third year, he led his troops out of Tongguan and headed towards Dingxi (now part of Gansu). He advanced to suppress the Yuan general Kao Tiemu'er. After a fierce battle, he defeated the Yuan army and captured more than 1,800 civil and military officials and soldiers below King Tan and King Ji. More than 86,000 people. In terms of merit, he was promoted to the Prime Minister of Zhongshu Province to participate in state affairs, and was granted the title of Duke of Wei in the Jin Dynasty. In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Xu Da went to Peiping to train troops, build cities, prepare borders, and take charge of the northern military. After several years of recuperation, the remaining forces of the Yuan Dynasty gradually recovered their national strength and continued to send troops to invade the south. In the fifth year (1372), Xu Da was ordered to leave Yanmen Pass and march into Mobei. Xu Da sent Governor Lan Yu as the vanguard and defeated the Yuan soldiers at the Tula River (in present-day Mongolia). Later, because he underestimated the enemy and advanced rashly, he was ambushed by the Yuan army and was severely defeated. With more than 10,000 casualties, he was forced to retreat to the south of Yanshan Mountain. In the sixth year, Xu Dafu led his generals in the Northern Expedition and defeated the Yuan army at Dalahai (now Dalai Nuoer Lake in Inner Mongolia). After returning to the army, he guarded the Yongping area. In the eleventh year, he led troops to build a pass at Gubeikou, making it an important barrier to defend Beiping. In the fourteenth year (1831), 15,100 troops from Yanshan and other garrison troops were sent to build 32 passes including Yongping and Jieling. Shanhaiguan was established, with Shanhai Guards in it, leading 10,000 households, and it was under the command and envoys department of Peiping Capital. In February of the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385), Xu Da died of illness in Yingtian (now Nanjing). He was fifty-four years old and was posthumously named King of Zhongshan. Xu Da was brave and resourceful throughout his life, and he was good at running the army. His achievements and achievements in border construction will always shine in the annals of history. Why did Xu Da build the thirty-two passes of Yongping and Jialing? Why build customs and security guards in Shanhaiguan? And why was Xu Da Temple (Xian Gong Temple) built in Shanhaiguan? This starts with the historical background and geographical environment. In September of the first year of Hongwu, Pingluan Mansion returned to Ming Dynasty. In March of the fourth year, Pingluan Mansion was changed to Yongping Mansion. Due to frequent wars, the population in Yongping Prefecture is sparse. Four years later, Xu Da was training troops and horses in Peiping. In March, the emperor issued a report and ordered the commander of the capital Pan Jing and others to move to the back of the mountain (referring to the north of Yanshan and Jundu Mountain) and the people along the border of the six prefectures to garrison in Beiping Prefecture County, with a total of 17,274 households. Mouth ninety-three thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight. In June, 35,800 households and 197,27 people moved to the rear of Beiping Mountain and were scattered in guard posts. Those who were soldiers were given food, and those who were civilians were given fields to cultivate (Volume 5 of "Lulong Selue"). This was the first large-scale immigration in the Ming Dynasty, and most of them were resettled in prefectures and counties around Yongping. When the immigrants came to the plains and wilderness south of Yanshan Mountain, they needed high mountains and dangerous passes or border walls as barriers to avoid harassment by Mongolian cavalry.