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Birthday of American President Lincoln

1809 February, Lincoln was born in a civilian family in Kentucky.

1834, Lincoln was elected to the Illinois legislature, 1847, he was elected to the House of Representatives. At that time, black slavery in the southern United States seriously hindered the development of capitalism, and black slaves lived a miserable life. Lincoln witnessed the misery of auctioning slaves and hated it every day. He gave speeches everywhere against the knitting system and soon became an indispensable figure in American politics. 1860, Lincoln was elected as the 16 th president of the United States. At this time, seven southern States formed the southern federal government in an attempt to split the United States. Lincoln's cabinet decided to maintain federal unity by force. The civil war broke out in 186 1. In June, President Lincoln announced the The Emancipation Proclamation, which gave all slaves in the United States legal rights. 1865, after four years of bitter struggle, the American Civil War finally ended, and the North led by Lincoln won the final victory, which completely cleared the way for the development of American capitalism. On April 4th, Lincoln saw a play at Ford Theatre. He was assassinated at the age of 65 by a fanatical defender of slavery in the South.

Madame Curie1867165438+10 was born in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, under the rule of Russian invaders.

Works:

Radioactive elements polonium and radium were discovered.

2. Propose that-rays (now known to be composed of electrons) are negatively charged particles.

Awards:

Madame Curie won 10 kinds of famous prizes, including the Nobel Prize, and won 16 medals awarded by international advanced academic institutions. Governments and scientific research institutions around the world have awarded more than 100 titles.

American President George Washington

Washington was born on February 22nd, 1732, in a planter's family. /kloc-started to earn a living independently at the age of 0/6. At the age of 2/kloc-0, he became the deputy commander of Virginia militia major as a big manor owner and began his military career. In the American War of Independence, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, responsible for the formation of the Continental Army and the anti-British struggle. He made immortal contributions to the independence and unification of the United States and was the father of the country. Enjoy a high reputation in the hearts of the American people. Qiu Xiaodong, a US federal congressman, commented on Washington: "The first person in the war, the first person in peace, and the first person in the hearts of compatriots."

Beethoven (1770- 1827), a great German composer, is one of the representatives of Vienna classical music school.

Beethoven began to feel his hearing was getting weaker and weaker from 1796, but it was not until 180 1 that he was convinced that his ear disease was incurable and told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair-suffering became the source of his creative power. At the peak of such a spiritual crisis, he began to write his optimistic hero symphony. The Heroic Symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's spirit and the beginning of the heroic era.

In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creation also experienced a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 18 18, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (18 18- 1827), he still wrote the ninth symphony (chorus) with great perseverance, even though he was completely deaf, his health deteriorated, his life was poor and his spirit was poor.

Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. He died without a relative by his side, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave formed. All schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people escorted his coffin. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bache (179 1- 1872): "When you stand on his coffin, we can only tell people like him that he has achieved great things ..."

Churchill (1874 ~ 1965)

British politician and strategist. Born in the Duke of Marlborough, Oxfordshire, England. Develop a stubborn character from an early age. 1895 After graduating from Sandhurst Royal Army Academy, he became a cavalry officer. After meeting the Duke and Duchess of York, and later King George V and King Mary, he became interested in politics. In the same year, as a war correspondent, he participated in the Spanish war to suppress the Cuban people's uprising. 1896 ~ 1898 participated in suppressing the Indian national uprising and the Mahdi uprising in Sudan with the British army. 1899 resigned from the military, participated in the Ying Bu War of repartition of South Africa by Boer descendants of British and Dutch immigrants as an army reporter, was captured, and then escaped from prison. After returning to China, he stepped into politics and was elected as a Conservative MP. 1904 to the liberal party. 1906 ~1911successively served as deputy minister of colonial affairs, minister of commerce and minister of interior. Later, he served as secretary of the navy. 191511was forced to resign because of the defeat in the battle of Daniil Strait. Later, he served as the battalion commander of the infantry battalion and went to France to fight. 19 17 ~ 1928 successively served as minister of quartermaster, minister of army, minister of air force and minister of finance. During the period from 1929 to 1939, the Labour Party did not hold public office. After the outbreak of World War II, Churchill visited Ren Haijun on September 3rd. 1939. 1may 940 10, the day Hitler attacked western Europe, he became the wartime prime minister, first finance minister and defense minister of Britain, and quickly put the national economy into wartime orbit. After the British army retreated from Dunkirk and the French army surrendered, he firmly led the people of Britain and Commonwealth countries in the anti-fascist war, which dealt a heavy blow to the German Air Force in the Battle of Britain and shattered Hitler's attempt to attack the British mainland. Churchill particularly emphasized defending maritime traffic lines and uniting all anti-fascist forces in the world. 1in September, 940, he approved an agreement to exchange British naval and air bases in the western hemisphere for 50 American destroyers. In February 65438, President Roosevelt was asked to increase aid and the loan bill was passed. In June 5438+the following year 10, representatives of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Army, Navy and Air Force were sent to talk with the US military, and the strategic policy of "Europe first, then Asia" was formulated. 1941On June 22nd, Hitler attacked the Soviet Union. On the same day, Churchill announced his assistance to the Soviet Union. 12 In July, a military agreement was reached with the Soviet Union, stipulating that joint actions should be taken to support each other in the war against Germany. The two sides have neither negotiated with Germany, nor made peace or signed a peace treaty with Germany alone. /kloc-in August of 0/3, the Atlantic Charter was signed with Roosevelt, which determined that Britain and the United States shared German policies and war goals. On February 7, 65438, Japan raided Pearl Harbor, the base of the US Navy's Pacific Fleet. The next day, Churchill declared war on Japan. 1942 65438+ 10 held talks with Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., and decided to set up a joint commission of chiefs of staff of the United States and Britain to coordinate the strategies of the two countries, * * * jointly use the resources and strategic materials of the two countries, and participate in drafting and signing the joint national declaration. On the issue of starting the Second World War in Western Europe, it has repeatedly delayed and shirked for the sake of national interests. 1943 1 met roosevelt in casablanca, opposed 1943 to open up a second front, and advocated strengthening the ground and sea offensive and marching into Italy. 1943165438+1From October 22nd to 26th, Churchill met with Chiang Kai-shek and Roosevelt in Cairo and signed the Cairo Declaration. From 28th to 65438+February 1 day, he met with Roosevelt and Stalin in Tehran, decided to open a second front in Western Europe in May 1944, discussed the new post-war European order and the establishment of international organizations, and signed the Tehran Declaration and the Tehran General Agreement. 1On June 6, 944, when the German army was losing ground in the Soviet-German battlefield, the Anglo-American Coalition forces launched the Normandy landing campaign, opening up the second battlefield against Germany. 1In February, 945, Churchill met with Roosevelt and Stalin in Yalta, and reached an agreement on the partition and occupation of Germany, German control, the demarcation of Poland's border and the composition of the government, and the voting procedures of the UN Security Council. I met Truman and Stalin in Potsdam from July/KLOC-0 to July-28. On the 2nd, Churchill resigned because the Conservative Party failed in the general election. 1On March 5th, 946, Churchill delivered an "Iron Curtain Speech" in Fulton, Missouri, USA, arguing that the United States and Britain should jointly fight against capitalism, which started the "Cold War" between East and West after the war. 1948 10 based on the special relationship between Britain and the United States, the European union and the Commonwealth, the "three-ring diplomacy" policy was put forward. After the Korean War broke out, Churchill opposed the United States to expand the war and engage in nuclear blackmail. 195 1 year 10 Churchill was re-elected as prime minister, 1955 retired due to old age on April 5. He is the author of the memoirs of World War II.