Who can tell the story of the great pagoda tree in Hongtong?

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, natural disasters occurred frequently, especially in the Yellow River basin. At the same time, the high-handed rule of the rulers led to the Red Scarf Army uprising, wars and disputes, people's poverty and a large population decline. During the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, Shanxi immigrants began to reclaim land and resumed agriculture. In the first year of Emperor Huijian (1399), another four years of "Jingnan Rebellion" occurred, which once again caused the desolate situation of Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Huaibei in northern Anhui, and seriously damaged the social economy.

In the Ming Dynasty, many immigrants from Shanxi concentrated here and then moved to other provinces in batches. According to historical records such as Ming History and Shi Ming Lu, during the nearly 50 years from the sixth year of Hongwu (1373) to the fifteenth year of Yongle (14 17), the number of immigrants in Shaanxi was 18, of which 65438+ was in Hongwu period. These immigrants moved to more than 500 counties and cities, including Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Gansu.

In northern China, a large number of folk genealogies and inscriptions are recorded in detail. In local chronicles, such as Wenxian County Records, Baofeng County Records, Ningyang County Records, Danfeng County Records, Shangnan County Records, Shanyang County Records, etc., the situation of immigrants under locust trees in Hongdong, Shanxi Province is clearly recorded. Up to now, a folk song is still circulating in Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Northeast China: "Ask me where my hometown is, the locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi. What's the name of the ancestral home, the old stork nest under the big locust tree? "

Now Guhuai is a national 4A-level tourist attraction and a cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province. Every year, more than 200,000 people go to the scenic spot to worship their ancestors. Ancient Sophora japonica, also known as Hong Tong Sophora japonica, is located in the ancestral home of Sophora japonica on the west side of Jia Cun, two kilometers north of Hongtong County, Linfen City. Although there are no magnificent buildings here, tourists come in an endless stream, whether it is cold winter or hot summer. Some of them wrote poems to express their feelings of "thinking about drinking water and thinking about the source", while others looked up at the locust tree and lingered for a long time, refusing to leave.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan government used troops year after year to carry out ethnic oppression at home. Coupled with the continuous floods, droughts and famines in the Huanghuai Valley, it finally aroused the Red Scarf Army uprising that lasted for more than ten years. The Yuan government brutally suppressed, and desperate wars for territory and land occurred from time to time, including Huaibei, Shandong and Hebei.

Scenery of Sophora japonica in Hong Tong (1)(20 photos), ten people died in Henan. The wounds of the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty were not healed, and the "Battle of Jingnan" followed in the early Ming Dynasty. Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other places have suffered greatly, and almost all of them are uninhabited. During the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi, which was ruled by the Mongolian landlord Chahan timur and his son, was a different scene. It is relatively stable, good weather and good harvest every year. Compared with neighboring provinces, Shanxi has a prosperous economy and a rich population. And a large number of refugees from other provinces also flowed into Shanxi, making Shanxi a densely populated area. After the Ming Dynasty destroyed the Yuan Dynasty, in order to consolidate the new regime and develop the economy, eight large-scale immigration activities were organized during the fifty years from the early years of Hongwu to the fifteenth year of Yongle.

Jinnan is a densely populated place in Shanxi, and Hongdong was the largest and most populous county in Jinnan at that time. According to records, there was a Guangji Temple on the west side of Jia Cun, two miles north of Hongdong in Ming Dynasty. The temple is grand and magnificent, and there are many monks and pilgrims. There is a "tree surrounded by mu of shade" next to the temple, and the avenue of chariots and horses passes through the shade. The old harriers on Fenhe beach nest in the trees and are scattered all over the floor, which is very spectacular. The Ming government set up a bureau in Guangji Temple to concentrate immigrants, and the locust tree became a gathering place for immigrants.

In late autumn, the locust tree leaves, and the old crow's nest is very eye-catching. When the immigrants left, they stared at the tall ancient locust tree, and the old harrier who lived among the branches kept moaning, which made the immigrants who had left their hometown burst into tears and could not bear to leave. Finally, they can only see the old crane nest on the big locust tree. To this end, the big locust tree and the old crane nest have become symbols for immigrants to bid farewell to their hometown. "Ask me where my ancestors came from, Shanxi Hong Tong Sophora japonica. What is the name of the hometown of ancestral home, the old man's nest under the big locust tree. " For hundreds of years, this folk song has been widely circulated in many areas of our country. According to the villagers in my hometown, it was at that time that our village moved out of the big locust tree to enrich the northern border defense, and the genealogy of the village was also remembered from that time. )

In the early Ming Dynasty, the immigrants from Hongdong and other places in Shanxi mainly distributed in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Beijing, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei, and a few moved to Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Immigrants who moved from Shanxi to the above places later moved to Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and northeast provinces. It is rare to have organized large-scale migration for such a long time in the history of our country, and it is only a case that people on one side are scattered around. Although the Ming government carried out the policy of resettling wasteland to revitalize agriculture, its purpose was to consolidate the rule of feudal dynasty, but it objectively eased social contradictions, mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for production, gradually restored agricultural production, consolidated border defense and maintained social stability.

In the second year of the Republic of China, Jia Cun, a native of Hongdong, an official tour in Shandong, raised funds to build a pavilion and a teahouse. The pavilion was built under the old pagoda tree. Although the pavilion is not big, it is carved with beams and painted with buildings, cornices and arches, exquisite and exquisite. A blue stone tablet is erected in the pavilion, engraved with the five official words "Ancient Sophora japonica". On the back of the exhibition hall, there is an inscription that briefly describes the situation of immigrants. There are three tea rooms on the west side in front of the pavilion for root-seeking tourists to rest and have tea. The inscription on the lintel of the teahouse is "drinking water for the source". There is an archway more than 20 meters south of the monument, and the banner reads "Letter from Yu Yan". On the other hand,

Scenery of Sophora japonica in Hongdong (2)( 1 1) is engraved with "shade". In the early 1980s, Hongtong county government rebuilt and expanded Dahuaishu Park.

There are also some stories about migration. After the Revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai ordered Zhang Xiluan, the governor of Shanxi Province, to lead soldiers from three towns in Lu Yongxiang to attack the Shanxi Revolutionary Army, and plundered everywhere. After arriving in Hongdong, the soldiers came to the ancient pagoda tree, dismounted and bowed down, and told each other, "Go back to the hometown of pagoda tree." Not only do you not rob, but you also provide property under the big locust tree. Sophora japonica is known as "disaster prevention and resilience".

Legend has it that when immigrating, officers and men cut each little toenail with a knife. Up to now, the little toenails of the descendants of Sophora japonica immigrants are all complicated (two petals). "Who is the ancient locust who moved here? Take off your little toe and check the shape of your nails. " If you are interested, you may wish to check it yourself.

At that time, in order to prevent immigrants from escaping, officers and men tied them up behind their backs, then connected them with long ropes and escorted them to the road. People look back step by step, and the adults look at the big locust tree and tell the children, "This is our hometown, this is our hometown." Today, descendants of immigrants say that the ancient pagoda is their hometown, no matter where they live. Because the immigrant's arm was tied for a long time, his arm became numb and he soon got used to it. Later, most immigrants liked to walk with their hands behind their backs, and their descendants also followed this habit.

On the way to escort, because of the long distance, people often have to pee, so they have to report to the officers and men: "Sir, please help yourself, I have to pee." The more times, the more simplified the verbal request. As long as you say "Sir, I want to relieve myself", everyone will understand that you have to pee. Since then, "jieshou" has become synonymous with peeing.

The immigrants moved to a new place of residence, a wilderness, and they had to build houses and open up wasteland with their own hands. No matter what they do, they will think of the mountains and rivers in their hometown. In order to miss their hometown, most of them plant locust trees in the yard and at the gate of their new home to show their nostalgia for their hometown. Some immigrants named their villages after the places where they moved, such as Zhaochengying, Hong Tong, Zhou Pu and Changziying in the suburbs of Beijing, indicating that these residents migrated from Zhao Cheng and Hong Tong that year.

The ancestral hall is dedicated to all the memorial tablets of surnames moved out from under the big pagoda tree, with a total of *** 1230, which greatly exceeds that of hundreds of surnames. They all immigrated to all parts of the country 600 years ago. In order to find their roots, they were collected and made public. In recent years, mainlanders have been fighting for genealogy, and overseas compatriots have sought roots to worship their ancestors, asking about their blood relationship with Sophora japonica.

More than 600 years have passed, and the ancient Sophora japonica in the Han Dynasty has ceased to exist and disappeared into the dust of history, while the third-generation Sophora japonica, which grew with the same root, is lush and full of vitality. Hu Aixiang's descendants have spread all over the country 18 provinces, 500 counties, and some as far away as some countries and regions in Southeast Asia.