Overview of Chaoshan culture

Chaoshan culture is a culture produced and developed by the integration of ancient South Guangdong local culture, Central Plains culture and overseas culture. The Chaoshan area has long been inhabited by aborigines, including Liao, Li, She and other Yue aborigines. These aborigines all have culture. During the formation of Chaoshan culture, they absorbed the excellent elements of these aborigines, such as the euphemistic "Snake Fight Song" in the Chaozhou opera Su six niang, which originated from the folk songs of She nationality. Most of the existing residents in Chaoshan area moved in from the Central Plains, and a large number of immigrants from the Central Plains also brought Central Plains culture. During its long-term formation and development, Chaoshan culture has absorbed many excellent elements of Central Plains culture, such as Confucian culture and many contents of Central Plains language, literature, drama and music. Due to various reasons, Chaoshan people migrated overseas from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially the formation of Zhanglin Port and Shantou Port, and 1860 was opened. At the same time, due to the economic and trade development between Chaoshan and overseas places and the increase of exchanges between China and foreign countries, overseas cultures (including western culture and Southeast Asian culture) have also been introduced into Chaoshan, and Chaoshan culture has also absorbed excellent elements from overseas cultures. For example, in the19th century, the arcade architecture culture of Shantou Small Park and Taiping Street in Chaozhou Fucheng was built by absorbing western architectural art. From this perspective, Chaoshan culture has the characteristics of all rivers flowing into the sea, and is formed by absorbing the excellent parts of ancient South Guangdong local culture, Central Plains culture and overseas culture and continuously integrating and developing.

Chaoshan culture is widely spread. Almost everywhere in the world, where there are hipsters, there are communities where hipsters live, and where there are hipsters, there is the spread of Chaoshan culture. Chaoshan culture is the most important root of hipsters, which closely links the love of hipsters all over the world. Chaoshan culture is very rich in content, including at least the following 16 aspects:

(1) Chaoshan dialect. Chaoshan dialect is very distinctive, each word has eight tones, and proverbs are vivid and rich (such as ten mouths and nine warehouses, ten supplements and nine shortages, a good-hearted party, a bad dog, a short line in mid-July, from Siam to pig bad, etc. ).

(2) Chaoshan folk literature. There are many Chaoshan ballads, Chaoshan songbooks and Chaoshan folk stories (such as "There is a goose at the top of the sky, …" and "Scissors, …").

(3) Chaozhou opera. That is to say, Chaozhou dialect Taiwanese drama is creatively developed on the basis of absorbing other drama art, Chaoshan folk music and dance art, and some plays are transplanted from other plays; There are also works with Chaoshan local themes as the main theme, such as Chen Sanwu Niang, Su six niang and Ci Langzhou.

(4) Chaoshan music. With highly classical and elegant tunes, graceful melodies, unique artistic style and strong local colors, as well as unique folk joy and distinctive mass entertainment characteristics, it is an ancient music with deep mass base and high artistic value. Its contents include gong and drum music, string poetry music, fine music, big gong and drum music, Chaoyang flute set music, temple fair music and so on. Widely spread in eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia.

(5) Chaoshan arts and crafts. Including wood carving, stone carving, art ceramics, etc. Among them, Congxi Temple stone carving in Jinsha Township, Chaoan County is the treasure of stone carving in Chaoshan area.

(6) Han folk art in Chaoshan area. Including Chaozhou opera, song and dance, lantern riddles, paper-cutting, printmaking, dragon and phoenix dance, double goose dance, paper shadow play (namely Chaoshan puppet show) and so on.

(7) Dwellings in Chaoshan area. Including four-point gold, Shang Lugen, Hummer trailer and other residential buildings, as well as Chenghai Chen Cifu's former residence and other Chinese and Western wall-like buildings.

(8) Folk customs in Chaoshan area. Including Chinese New Year, weddings and funerals, offering sacrifices to gods, etiquette and other customs in Chaoshan area, as well as folk customs such as eating seven kinds of soup, going out of the garden and walking on the colorful bridge.

(9) Chaoshan celebrities. Chaoshan area has the reputation of "Zou Lu on the seashore", and has always attached importance to cultural and educational undertakings, with outstanding people and talented people. To sum up, it is "four more", that is, there are many sages, many overseas Chinese, many wealthy businessmen and many cultural, scientific and technological celebrities.

(10) Chaoshan agronomy. Chaoshan area is sparsely populated, rural people intensively cultivate embroidery and other fields, and the planting technology is widely known and the agricultural level is high.

(1 1) Chaoshan commercial culture. After the decline of famous merchants in the history of China, merchants such as Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants rose. In today's world, tide merchants are very strong. The main feature of Chaozhou businessmen is that they operate in a way of combining business with business, commercial capital and industrial capital, and their business areas are all over the world. Chaozhou businessmen have many successful business strategies and formed a unique business culture.

(12) Chaoshan food culture. Including Chaozhou cuisine and congou tea. Chaozhou cuisine has the characteristics of attaching importance to seafood, being light and delicious, with seasonings and snacks. Chaoshan congou tea is the peak of tea culture, which can be summarized into five words: harmony (peaceful atmosphere), love (expression of love), exquisiteness (exquisite tea set, exquisite punching), purity (noble character) and thinking (enlightening wisdom and thinking) * * *.

(13) Chaoshan religious culture. Chaoshan has a unique religious culture. There are many religious gods: Mazu, Bo Gong Ma Bo, Taiyin Niang and "camp owners" from all over the world, and so on.

(14) Chaoshan overseas Chinese culture. Professor Tsung i Jao, a famous international sinologist, believes that the identity of overseas Chinese in Chaoshan can be compared with Huizhou contract. The main feature of overseas Chinese commentary is "combination of line and letter". Overseas Chinese comments are one of the important cultural relics in the study of overseas Chinese history, postal history, financial history, traffic history and economic and trade history. It permeates the deep affection and homesickness of overseas Chinese and has rich cultural connotations.

(15) Chaoshan charity culture. Many charity halls have been established in chaozhou people at home and abroad, and many philanthropists and philanthropists have done many good deeds, which fully embodies the noble virtues of chaozhou people's kindness, helping others and selfless dedication.

(16) Tourism culture in Chaoshan area. Nowadays, all parts of Chaoshan attach importance to enriching the cultural connotation of tourism in order to improve the taste of tourism. Generally speaking, Chaoshan culture has the characteristics of folk, compatibility, delicacy and pioneering.

1, folk songs. Such as Chaozhou opera, Chaoshan music, Chaoshan folk customs and Chaoshan folk literature, are rooted in the influx of people at home and abroad and are deeply welcomed by the influx of people at home and abroad. Chaozhou cuisine and Chaoshan congou tea are both loved by hipsters at home and abroad, and are very popular in daily diet.

2. Compatibility. Chaoshan culture not only inherits and carries forward the fine tradition of Central Plains culture, but also absorbs the excellent elements of ancient South Guangdong local culture and some excellent elements of overseas culture, and integrates with each other to form a unique group culture, which is full of vitality and vigor.

3. fineness. Such as Chaoshan woodcarving, stone carving and artistic ceramics, are all very beautiful. Chaoshan Agricultural College has the style of meticulous embroidery by Chaoshan women. There are 108 heroes in Chaoyang Song and Dance. They all have unique faces, costumes and personalities, which are very exquisite.

4. pioneering. For example, Chaozhou opera has absorbed many excellent elements such as classical drama, Chaoshan folk music and dance, and has become a distinctive drama. Chaoshan music not only retains the essence of Chinese classical music, but also absorbs the excellent elements of folk music, creating and becoming popular music among the people. The pioneering spirit of Chaoshan cultural and technological celebrities and famous tide merchants is particularly remarkable, thus creating extremely brilliant achievements. Carrying forward the excellent culture of Chaoshan is of great significance and role in inspiring the spirit of hard work, honest management and dedication of hipsters at home and abroad, enhancing the cohesion of hipsters at home and abroad, promoting the economic and social development of the motherland's hometown and overseas hipsters' residence, and promoting cultural cooperation and exchanges between China and foreign countries. (Yang Qunxi)