Recommended springboard for emigrating to Slovakia

The appearance of the ancient Olympic Games

The full name of the Olympic Games is "Olympic Games", and the word "Olympic" comes from the Greek place name "Olympia". Olympia is located in the Afis Valley, 360 kilometers southwest of Athens. It is picturesque and has a pleasant climate. The ancient Greeks built many temples here, so the ancients called this land Alphonse City, also known as "Holy Land" Olympia. According to the belief at that time, it symbolizes peace and friendship.

Ancient Greece and the Earth

People in other countries in the sea area often hold grand gatherings and engage in various entertainment and competitive activities during festivals and harvest seasons, which is very lively. At first, this kind of activity was scattered all over the country, not regularly, but the gathering in Olympia was the biggest.

In 884 BC, war broke out in ancient Greece, and wars raged everywhere, plagues ran rampant and crops failed. Greek civilians were so eager for peace that they missed the celebration of that year. Therefore, the king of Elis city-state where Olympia is located contacted the kings of other city-states, and reached an agreement to hold sports meetings in Olympia on a regular basis, and stipulated that a "Holy Truce Day" should be implemented in the sports year. The duration of the "Holy Truce Day" is three months. In the meantime, no one is allowed to start with a sword. Even the warring parties should lay down their weapons and prepare to go to Olympia for the sports meeting. Since then, there has been an all-Greece championship. By 776 BC, the safe name of the winner was recorded in words for the first time. This is what later generations called the first ancient Greek Games. Since then, this kind of competition will be held every four years. Therefore, the venue of the competition is Olympia, also known as the ancient Olympic Games, or simply the ancient Olympic Games. From 776 BC to 349 AD, the ancient Olympic Games were abolished by the emperor of the Roman Empire and held 293 times.

The ancient Olympic Games were not all interesting.

The ancient Olympic Games didn't mean joy to the ordinary Olympic audience. A typical Olympic spectator, if starting from Athens, must trudge more than half of the Peloponnesus along the rugged ancient The Way, with the hot summer sun in the Mediterranean above his head, and spend two weeks walking from Athens to Olympia with the help of mules and horses. If you come from an overseas colony, it will take longer to go by sea.

.

When the exhausted audience finally arrived at Olympia, the real test had just begun. The infrastructure in Olympia is extremely rudimentary, and there is only one decent hotel, which is only open to diplomatic missions and officials. The nobles with insufficient rank can only set up their own tents to solve the accommodation problem. As for the other 80,000 ordinary spectators-nearly half of them are vendors selling food and souvenirs-they have to help themselves in the wilderness near the Temple of Zeus. As a result, during the Olympic Games, it became a campsite with poor sanitary conditions.

The stadium in Olympia has no audience and no shade. For religious reasons, spectators are not allowed to wear hats at the Olympic Games. People can only stand in the middle of dusty stadiums from morning till night and be exposed to the scorching sun. Due to the cut-off of rivers and the shortage of well water supply in summer, dehydration and heatstroke often happen to the audience. At that time, Greece did not have a perfect sewage system, and the dry river bed became a temporary toilet for tens of thousands of people. The garbage is piled up on the spot, and the sanitary condition can be imagined.

It was under such conditions that the ancient Olympic Games was held for 1000 years. It is said that the mess of the Olympic Games is shocking, so that there is a saying that the master will say to the unruly slaves in a threatening tone: if you don't obey, you will be punished to watch the Olympic Games in Olympia! (Southern Weekend 8. 19 fugue)

Olympic anthem

The first modern summer Olympic Games opened in Athens on April 6th. In the opening ceremony, solemn classical strings were played, and 1958 was designated as the Olympic anthem by the International Olympic Committee. The composer of this song is Greek samaras and the lyricist is palamas.

Olympic flag

19 13, Coubertin, France, proposed to set up the flag of the International Olympic Committee, which was designed with a boundless white background and five rings of blue, yellow, black, green and red in the center from left to right, representing Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and the United States in turn. A white background means that all countries can compete under their own flags. In July 2004, the Olympic Games

The Olympic flag will be raised for the first time. 1920, the Belgian Olympic Committee, which hosted the 5th Summer Olympic Games, presented the same national flag to the International Olympic Committee, which was hung during the Olympic Games and then customized. The flag was handed over from the host city of the last Olympic Games to the last Olympic Games and kept by the host city. During the competition, only borrowed items are hung in the main stadium. 1952, Oslo presented the flag of the Winter Olympics to the International Olympic Committee in the same way as the Summer Olympics. 1970, the international Olympic Committee gave the Olympic flag a new meaning in the fourth issue of Olympic review: it symbolizes the unity of five continents, and athletes gather at the Olympic Games in a fair and frank competition and friendly spirit.

Olympic flame

1934, the Athens meeting of the International Olympic Committee decided to restore the old system of the ancient Olympic Games. During the Olympic Games, the Olympic flame burned in the main stadium. The flame was taken from the Olympic Games and passed to the host country through the torch relay. Prior to this, 1928 the 9th Olympic Games was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

There is a tall tower in the main stadium, burning with fiery fireworks from beginning to end. This is the first time that this kind of activity has been held in the Olympic Games. 1936 On July 20th, Olympia held the lighting ceremony of 1 1 Summer Olympic Games. After that, everyone held the torch and ran the relay of 1 km, passing through Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria and Czechoslovakia, and arrived in Berlin on 1 in August, with a total distance of 3075 km. The International Olympic Committee officially stipulates that lighting the Olympic flame is an essential ceremony for the opening ceremony of each Olympic Games. In addition, the flame is lit to commemorate the soldiers who died in World War I, and the torch relay symbolizes the spread of peace and friendship around the world.

Pierre, the founder of the modern Olympic Games? De? Coubertin

Pierre De Coubertin is the founder of the modern Olympic Games. He was born in a noble family in Paris. After graduating from high school, I went to Paris University to study law and politics, and then I went to England to study pedagogy. At that time, British outdoor sports had a great shock to Coubertin, and he was determined to

Returning to France will change France's indifference to sports, and he is more eager to expand sports exchanges around the world. 1863, Coubertin proposed to hold a competition similar to the ancient Olympic Games, but he did not copy it, but extended the ancient Olympic Games, which used to be confined to Greeks, to the whole world. Although Coubertin's idea was resisted by some opposition parties, with his unremitting efforts, representatives of 20 countries finally held the first "International Conference on Rebuilding the International Olympic Games" at the University of Paris in June 1894. On the evening of June 23, the Committee officially announced the establishment of the International Olympic Committee, which is of epoch-making significance to the development of world sports and the Olympic Movement. Many countries regard this day as a sports festival, and China also designated this day as the Olympic Day in 1986.

The history of modern Olympic Games

The Olympic Games has a history of 1200 years since it was held in Olympia, Greece in 776 AD. At that time, there were five events (including discus, javelin, long jump, running and wrestling), running, boxing, wrestling, Pankration (a mixed sport of boxing and wrestling), carriage race and horse riding.

The revival of the Olympic Games began in 1896, when Athens, Greece hosted the first modern Olympic Games. At that time, 245 athletes from 14 countries participated in the competition. Since then, the number of participating athletes, participating countries and participating events has increased day by day. In the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games in Australia, more than 65,438+000,000 athletes from 65,438+099 countries participated in the competition.

Winter sports first joined the Olympic Games in 1908, when it was figure skating. Ice hockey increased from 1920. 1924, the Winter Olympic Games was held in Nice, Tchami for the first time. Because 1994, the Winter Olympics is scheduled to be held in the same year as the Summer Olympics, so the current Olympic Games are held every two years, and the Winter Olympics and the Summer Olympics are held alternately.

The first Athens Olympic Games

The Second Paris Olympic Games

The Third St. Louis Olympic Games

The 4th London Olympic Games

The Fifth Stockholm Olympic Games

The Seventh Antwerp Olympic Games

The Eighth Paris Olympic Games

The 9th Amsterdam Olympic Games

The 10 Los Angeles Olympic Games

1 1 Berlin Olympic Games

The Second World War

14 London Olympic Games

15 Helsinki Olympic Games

16 Melbourne Olympic Games

17 Rome Olympic Games

18 Tokyo Olympic Games

19 Mexico city Olympic games

The 20th Munich Olympic Games

2 1 Montreal Olympic Games

The 22nd Moscow Olympic Games

23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games

The 24th Seoul Olympic Games

25th Barcelona Olympic Games

26th Atlanta Olympic Games

The 27th Sydney Olympic Games

The 28th Athens Olympic Games

How much do you know about Olympic events?

Track and field is the oldest sport in sports.

Track and field is the cornerstone of the Olympic movement, which can best embody the motto of "swifter, higher and stronger".

Track and field is also the event with the largest number of gold medals in the Olympic Games, so some people use "the one who wins track and field wins the world" to describe the position of track and field in the total number of gold medals in the Olympic Games.

A, men:100m, 200m, 400m, 800m,1500m, 500m,10000m, marathon, 3000m steeplechase,11.

B, women:100m, 200m, 400m, 800m,1500m, 500m,10000m, marathon,100m hurdles, 400m hurdles and high jump.

Rowing

Rowing, in which the athletes paddle their backs forward, originated in England from17th century to18th century.

Rowing is divided into events according to passenger capacity, helmsman, single paddle or double paddle. The race distance is 2000m for men and 0/000 m for women, and the width of each channel is12.5 ~15 m.

A, men: single sculls, double sculls, double sculls without helmsman, double sculls with helmsman, four sculls without helmsman, four sculls without helmsman, four sculls with helmsman and eight sculls with helmsman;

B, women: single sculls, double sculls, sculls without helmsman, four sculls with helmsman, four sculls with helmsman and eight sculls with helmsman.

Bicycle; Bicycle exercise

Originated in Europe. 1896 was listed as the first Olympic Games.

A men's 1 1 track events: 1km time trial, individual race (3 laps), 4000m individual chase, 4000m team chase, scoring race, Olympic Games, Madison race and Lin Kai race; Road race: individual race, individual time trial mountain bike: cross-country

B. Women's heptathlon events: 500m time trial, individual first race (3 laps), 3000m individual pursuit race and scoring race; Road events: 70km individual race, individual time trial mountain bike: cross-country.

baseball

It's a men's competition, and there are two versions of its origin. One is that it originated in Britain, evolved from a children's game in Britain, was introduced to the United States by British immigrants, and gradually became the national ball of the United States "; The other originated in America.

1992 was included in the Olympic Games.

swim

There are 3 1 events in the Olympic swimming competition, second only to track and field.

A. Men's swimming: 50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, 200m freestyle, 400m freestyle, 1500m freestyle, 100m backstroke, 200m backstroke, 100m breaststroke, 200m breaststroke,/kloc-. Diving: 3m springboard,10m platform, 3m springboard for synchronized, and10m platform for synchronized; Water polo:1;

B, women's swimming: 50m freestyle,100m freestyle, 200m freestyle, 400m freestyle, 800m freestyle,100m backstroke, 200m breaststroke, 200m breaststroke,100m butterfly, 200. Diving: 3m springboard,10m platform, 3m springboard for synchronized, and10m platform for synchronized.

boxing

Originated in Egypt more than 3000 years ago, and then spread in Mediterranean countries. The 23rd BC Ancient Greek Olympic Games was listed as a competitive event.

Modern boxing began in England and was very popular in17th century. 1904 The 3rd Olympic Games was included in the competition.

Only amateur athletes are allowed to participate in the Olympic boxing competition. According to the weight, it is divided into 12 grades: 48, 5 1, 54, 57, 60, 63.5, 67, 7 1, 8 1, 9 1 kg or more.

volleyball

Originated in America. 1964 18 The Olympic Games was listed as an event.

Men's volleyball and women's volleyball are divided into two categories: beach volleyball.

Canoe; canoeing

Rowing sports in which athletes face forward, including kayaking and rowing. Europe has been widely developed, and its level has always been in the leading position in the world.

A. Men's 12 still water events: 500m kayak, 500m kayak,1000m kayak,1000m kayak, and1000m kayak; 500m single rowing boat, 500m double rowing boat,1000m single rowing boat,1000m double rowing boat; Slalom events: kayak, canoe and canoe;

B women's four still water events: 500m kayak, 500m kayak, 500m kayak and 500m kayak; Whitewater slalom: one-man kayak.

equestrian

Equestrian sport is a general term for all kinds of sports on horseback. As early as 4000 years ago, there were horse riding competitions in the Bronze Age.

Modern equestrian originated in England and was introduced to Europe in16th century. 1900 the second Olympic games was included in the competition. Equestrian competition is divided into dressage, obstacle crossing and three-day competition, and each event is divided into two categories: team and individual.

basketball

Originated in America.

1936 1 1 Olympic Games is listed as an official event.

The stadium is 28m long and15m wide. Rebound length 1.20m, width 1.80m, and bottom 2.75m off the ground. The ball weighs 600 ~ 650g. The whole game lasted 40 minutes. There are two types: men and women.

soccer

Football is called "the best sport in the world", and it has been popular in ancient Greece, Rome and China.

The students of Cambridge University in England are the founders of modern football.

Because the International Olympic Committee stipulates that only amateur football players can participate in the Olympic football match, the Olympic football match is not the highest level in the world. There are two types: men and women.

gymnastics

/kloc-at the end of 0/8, modern gymnastics rose in Europe and once became synonymous with sports. 1896 was listed as the first Olympic Games.

A. Men: individual events such as team, individual all-around, floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars, horizontal bar and trampoline;

B, women: team individual all-around, individual all-around, vault, uneven bars, balance beam, floor exercise, rhythmic gymnastics, team individual all-around, trampoline.

hockey

Modern hockey rose in England in the second half of the19th century. 1908 The 4th Olympic Games was listed as an event.

There are two types: men and women.

handball

Originated in Europe. There are two types: men and women.

weightlifting

Originated in ancient times, people showed their strength by lifting stones. Modern weightlifting rose in Europe in the18th century.

A, men: 56KG, 62KG, 69KG, 77KG, 85KG, 94KG, 105KG,+105kg;

B, female: 48KG, 53KG, 58KG, 63KG, 69KG, 75KG, +75KG.

judo

Originated in Japan. Judo for men and women was listed as an event in the 1964 18 Olympic Games and the 25th Olympic Games in 1992 respectively.

A, men: -60KG, 60-66KG, 66-73KG, 73-8 1KG, 8 1-90KG, 90- 100KG,+100kg;

B, female:-48kg, 48-52kg, 52-57kg, 57-63kg, 63-70kg, 70-78kg and+78kg.

wrestling

It can be traced back to thousands of years BC. Wrestling was recorded in Japanese, China, Greek, Egyptian and other ancient civilizations. Only men can participate.

A freestyle wrestling: 48-54 kg, 58 kg, 63 kg, 69 kg, 76 kg, 85 kg, 97 kg, 97- 130 kg;

B Greco-Roman wrestling: 48-54 kg, 58 kg, 63 kg, 69 kg, 76 kg, 85 kg, 97 kg, 97- 130 kg.

badminton

1800, a popular ball game in Pune, India. The ball is made of feathers and cork, similar to China's key. Later, it was introduced to Britain, Northern Europe and other countries.

Badminton court is 13.40m long, singles court is 5. 18m wide, doubles court is 6. 10m wide, and a net with a length of 6. 10m and a width of 76cm is suspended in the middle.

1992 The 25th Olympic Games began to become a formal event.

Men: singles and doubles

Women: singles and doubles

Mixed: mixed doubles

softball

Women 1 event.

Modern pentathlon

It was founded by Coubertin, the founder of modern Olympic movement, to measure the all-round ability of athletes.

Equestrian, fencing, swimming, shooting and cross-country running, with one medal for men and one medal for women.

tennis

Men's and women's tennis was listed as an event in the first Olympic Games on 1896 and the second Olympic Games on 1900 respectively, but it was cancelled for various reasons and did not return to the Olympic family until the 24th Olympic Games on 1988.

Men and women are divided into singles and doubles.

enclosure

Began in ancient duels and prevailed in western European countries. 1896 The first Olympic Games was listed as an event, which was the only event in the early Olympic Games that allowed professional athletes to participate.

A men: individual foil, foil group, individual sabre, sabre group, individual epee and epee group;

B women: individual foil, foil group, individual epee and epee group.

table tennis

/kloc-The second half of the 0/9th century began in Britain. It was introduced to the European continent in the 1920s, and then it was widely developed in America, Asia and other countries.

1988 The 24th Olympic Games was included in the official competition.

Table tennis is called "national ball" in China.

Men and women are divided into singles and doubles.

shoot

More originated from hunting activities. The world shooting competition can be traced back to the first Olympic Games in 1896.

The women's events began in the 24th Olympic Games from 65438 to 0988.

A. Men: air pistol (10m), pistol rapid fire (25m), pistol slow fire (50m), air rifle (10m), small-caliber self-selected rifle 3× 40 (50m), small-caliber rifle 60 prone positions (50m) and 65438+.

B, women: air pistol (10m), sport pistol (25m), air rifle (10m), small-caliber optional rifle 3× 20 (50m), double and multidirectional flying saucer, multidirectional flying saucer and skeet.

triathlon

Men's individual competition, women's individual competition.

Shoot a sword

Humans used bows and arrows for hunting as early as 20 thousand years ago. Modern archery began in England.

1908 was listed as an Olympic event, and 1920 was cancelled until 1972 Olympic Games.

A. Men: individual Olympic knockout (70m) and team Olympic knockout (70m);

B, women: Olympic individual knockout (70m) and team Olympic knockout (70m).

sailboat

Originated in Holland. 1900 the second Olympic games began to be included in the competition.

1988 Women's events were added separately in the 24th Olympic Games.

A, male: sailing class 470, sailing class Finland, windsurfing class Michaelis;

B, women: sailing class 470, sailing class Europe, windsurfing class Mie;

C. Mixed editing: Sorin class, 49-man class, laser class, Turner class, etc.

taekwondo

A, men: -58KG, -68KG, -80KG and+80kg;

B, female: -49KG, -57KG, -67KG, +67KG.

ice hockey

Also known as ice hockey, it originated in Canada and developed in Europe and North America. 1956 was listed as the official event of the 7th Winter Olympics.

skate

Winter sports in which people skate on the ice. Originated from Holland in 10 century. Skating includes speed skating, short track speed skating and figure skating.

A, speed skating

Men: 500m,1000m,1500m, 5000m,10000m;

Women: 500m,1000m,1500m, 3000m, 5000m;

B, short track speed skating

Men:1000m, 5000m relay;

Women: 500 meters, 3000 meters relay;

Figure Skating: Single Skating, Double Skating and ice dancing.

ski

In a winter sport, athletes board skis with ski pole in their hands. Originated in the snowy areas of northern Europe.

Skiing sports include cross-country skiing, platform skiing, alpine skiing, Nordic mixed skiing and freestyle skiing.

Skiing in a sleigh

Originated in the Swiss Alps, it is a winter sport, which requires wooden or metal double sleigh skateboards to slide down and turn at high speed on special ice and snow lines. There are two kinds: bobsleigh and bobsleigh.

Biathlon

Originated in Norway, it is related to people's hunting activities in winter. This is a skiing and shooting competition. 1960 The Eighth Winter Olympics renamed this event as the official biathlon. The women's competition joined the Winter Olympics in 1992.

***28 major events 30 1 minor events