Why did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launch the Battle of Mobei after the War between Monan and Hexi?

The specific situation of the battle of Mobei. Let me introduce the relevant contents in detail for you.

Before the Battle of Mobei, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, had launched two major battles against Xiongnu: Monan and Hexi.

I. Battle of South Henan

In the second year of yuanshuo (127th BC), Wei Qing, a general of the Han Dynasty, bypassed Longxi (between Linger and Tumote Zuo Qi today), defeated Loufan King and Aries King of Xiongnu, beheaded thousands of people, won rich aquatic plants, and had a rich Hetao Plain, which was called "the Yellow River is evil". After the establishment of Shuofang County, more than 100,000 people were resettled, and Xiongnu Khan was the general.

In the sixth year of yuanshuo (123 BC), Wei Qing led more than 100,000 cavalry out of Dingxiang (now with Linger) to the north, and then returned to the north after cutting more than 3,000 ranks of Xiongnu, and then went north to cut more than 15,000 heads of Xiongnu. Among them, Huo Qubing rode hundreds of miles alone, killed more than 2,000 Huns, captured Huns and others, and was named champion Hou.

Second, the Hexi campaign

In the second year of Yuanshou, namely 12 1 year BC, Huo Qubing, a title of generals in ancient times, led tens of thousands of cavalry to set off from Longxi, attacked twice, once crossed Yanqi Mountain (now Dahuangshan Mountain in Shandan County, Gansu Province), and defeated Xiongnu King to repair the map; Once passed Juyanze (now Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia) and headed west to Qilian Mountain. As a result of these two attacks, the Huns split. The Huns killed Queen Xiutu and led more than 40,000 people to surrender, which opened up a large strategic buffer zone from Lanzhou to Lop Nur in Xinjiang for the Han Dynasty.

Third, the post-war situation in Monan and Hexi.

The battle of the desert south and the west of the river dealt a great blow to the strategically "brokeback" Xiongnu. A song lamented: "The death of Qilian Mountain made my six animals unhappy. If I die, I will hold the mountain and make my daughter colorless. " More passive is the loss of their largest Qilian Mountain racecourse. Without this racecourse, the Xiongnu's military superiority has been reduced by more than half.

The Han dynasty controlled the whole Hexi corridor and opened the way to the western regions. According to historical records, "Jincheng (now Lanzhou), Hexi, Nanshan (Qilian Mountain) to Yanze (Lop Nur) are all empty." At the same time, increase taxes and reduce military spending. "The Xiongnu Henan, which moved to the hinterland of Kanto, was actually realized in Xinqin, while the northern land was reduced by Xirong."

After World War II, the military strategic situation of the Han Dynasty towards the Xiongnu became stronger.

However, the Huns were not hurt. Khan's main force took the initiative to retreat to Mobei after the Battle of Monan. He tried to lure the main force of the Han army to Mobei, and then assembled and annihilated it.

In the third year of Yuanshou, in 120 BC, Yizhi Oblique assembled tens of thousands of cavalry, plundered south in Youbeiping and Dingxiang counties respectively, killing and injuring thousands of people, and then retreated north.

Dingxiang is in today and Linger, and Right Beiping is in the southwest of Ningcheng County. The two places span Hebei and Shanxi. The Huns' army, so far apart, copied the mainland, which not only showed the power of his powerful cavalry, but also was an obvious provocation: tarkan could go deep into the Han territory at any time.

Therefore, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, decided to fight Mobei again to completely dispel the arrogance of Yi Shi Xie.

Fourth, Mobei campaign

In the fourth year of Yuanshou, that is 1 19 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was 37 years old. He is young and energetic.

Because of the two wars in Monan and Hexi, Emperor Liu Che was very confident. He saw that his peasant children could completely defeat the Huns who grew up on horseback as long as they rode horses. He laughed to himself: the advantage of nomadic cavalry over * * * is actually just a myth, and once this myth is broken, his big fellow's children will step into Helan Mountain and his territory will extend to infinite distance.

At present, Liu Che is very annoyed that the cavalry who have been beaten twice can still harass the territory of the Han people. He decided to launch another attack on the branch obliquely, which would be devastating. He hoped to solve the Xiongnu problem once and for all.

Liu Che immediately called the generals to discuss the fight against the Huns again. Among the generals are Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Li Guang and other battle-hardened stars. Liu Che is very familiar with the characteristics of these three famous generals:

Wei Qing is steady and reliable. He is a general who is good at large-scale operations, especially at wars over 100,000. His specialty is to stand firm and step by step. Once he meets the enemy, it will be the enemy's nightmare, but his playing style is also expensive. It is difficult to support the government affairs for a long time.

Huo Qubing was an emerging young general in two battles. He is a genius of cavalry. His men are all excellent young people. His specialty is that he is good at long-range assault, and he can quickly break into Huanglong with few but fine troops, with remarkable results, beheading and greatly saving financial expenses.

Li Guang, a 60-year-old veteran, is known as "Flying General" because of his strong riding and shooting ability. However, because he showed his personal ability too much, his troops suffered many defeats in previous wars, and it was difficult to be immune. However, his morale is very strong. Liu Che didn't want him to attend the military meeting, but he was determined to attend.

Liu Che is also a strategist. He personally made a strategic plan for the generals: "Hou is a plan of Khan, and he often thinks that Han soldiers can't underestimate their enemies. Today, they will get what they want. "

Zhao Xin was originally Xiao Wang of Xiongnu. First, he descended to the Han Dynasty and was named General Hou and You. After the war in Henan, he surrendered to the Huns. He knows the pros and cons of the Han Dynasty like the back of his hand.

However, Zhao Xin thinks that the disadvantage of the Han army has been made up by Liu Che. After the currency reform and the monopoly of salt and iron, Liu Che has money in his hand, and the common people have also raised a large number of horses. He can play along and take it by surprise.

Liu Che decided to explore Mobei. He wants to use Wei Qing and Huo Qubing two legions to launch the Mobei campaign and completely solve the Xiongnu. After announcing his decision, Liu Che looked at his generals. Cautious Wei Qing face don't see any change, Huo Qubing is very excited. Liu Che praised him in his mind, and the morale of young people was available.

In order to deal a devastating blow to the Huns, Liu Che used almost all his possessions to the maximum extent, with140,000 horses, of which100,000 horses first belonged to the 50,000 field cavalry of the two legions of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, and the other 40,000 horses were reserved for supplementing the war damage at any time. There are thousands of infantry to transport and support supplies.

The tasks of the two legions: General Wei Qing of the Eastern Legion led Li Guang and other generals to lead 50,000 cavalry out of Daixian (now Yuxian) to find Xiongnu left Wang Xian for a decisive battle; Huo Qubing, a general of title of generals in ancient times of Xiliang Army, led fifty thousand cavalry out of Dingxiang (today and Shine) to find the main force of Khan.

Liu Che to Huo Qubing's fifty thousand cavalry, are selected "dare to fight". This is a special force of 50,000 people, which will infiltrate from a long distance and behead Khan.

But as soon as the two main forces set out, they captured the Xiongnu who rode the whistle alive, and Khan Oblique led the main force eastward. According to the previous deployment, Huo Qubing can't catch Khan's main force, but it will be the Wei Qing legion that may encounter Khan.

Liu Che immediately adjusted its tactics, Huo Qubing went east to take the county, and Wei Qing Army went west to make decisions.

Afterwards, it was proved that the news obtained by the Han army was not reliable. What they know about the Xiongnu army turning eastward is actually the family members, the old, the weak, the sick and the burden of the Xiongnu. The main force led by Iraq stayed in Mobei, waiting for the Han army.

Yi Zhixie is going to fight the Han army in Mobei. His tactics came from Zhao Xin's suggestion: "The Han army should stop fighting, and the Huns can take Ruhr." With Zhao Xin's personal familiarity with the Han army, I thought that there were not many cavalry in the Han army. When I arrived in Mobei, I was outnumbered, but I didn't know that Liu Che had gained weight again a few years later.

Wei Qing, who was in charge of finding the Left, got accurate information about the main force of oblique Khan from the prisoner's mouth. He immediately decided to divide his troops into two ways to approach the main force of Xiongnu, one led by former general Li Guang and right general Zhao, and attack from the east to the left of Khan. He is pushing the main force from the front to the main force of Xiongnu.

Wei Qing divided Li Guang into East Road, which was the established strategy given to him by Liu Che.

Liu Che's evaluation of Li Guang's ability to lead troops is not high. In Liu Che's eyes, this general Li Lao can't lead troops, but he is strong-willed. If he is not allowed to go to war, he will commit suicide. But if we let him go to war, we will be afraid of bringing trouble to the overall situation. Before the war, Liu Che must explain to Wei Qing. Don't let Li Guang take the lead. He can only lead one branch. Victory is icing on the cake, and failure has nothing to do with the overall situation.

Journey south, the main force of Wei Qing Legion, after crossing the vast desert, entered Mobei, where it met tens of thousands of main forces of a slanting Khan, and the Xiongnu army had lined up neatly, waiting for the arrival of the Han army.

Wei Qing's style of play is a combination of attack and defense. He first "surrounded Wugang's car." Wugang car is a kind of car with towel and hood. Cars are arranged in a circle, and halberds are arranged in cars and workshops, which can effectively prevent cavalry from attacking. Arranging crossbowmen behind halberds can effectively shoot enemy cavalry. In this way, the trench, all kinds of non-combatants and the sick and wounded can be protected on Wugang vehicles.

After arranging the defense, Wei Qing ordered five thousand cavalry to attack the Xiongnu army on the opposite side, and five thousand cavalry arrows were generally fired at the enemy lines. Yi Zhixie didn't expect the Han army from afar to dare to take the initiative to attack himself. He immediately ordered ten thousand cavalry to attack five thousand Han troops.

The organizational form of Xiongnu nomads makes them loose in organization and lax in discipline, and because of their small number, they try to avoid melee. Based on this feature, they developed a long-range riding and shooting style, and the sacrifice spirit and strong organizational ability needed in melee are the strengths of agricultural people. In addition, farming civilization is far more developed than nomadic civilization, and their weapons and equipment are more advanced. The iron ring hand knives in the hands of the Han army are obviously more advanced than the various weapons mixed in the hands of the Huns.

Therefore, if you stand on a high place and watch the battle between the two armies, you can clearly see the difference between the Xiongnu army and the Han cavalry. The Xiongnu army is very strong in individual riding, but its formation is not strict. They rushed forward awkwardly, while the formation of the Han army was much closer. They keep a distance that can support each other. When the two armies collide, the Han army can always form more battles against the Xiongnu army. So 10000 the confrontation between tarquin and 5000 Han cavalry is not the number.

At sunset, suddenly the wind was blowing, the yellow sand was flying, and the visibility was obviously reduced. "The two armies didn't meet," and the Xiongnu bow and arrow had no advantage at all. Seeing this, Wei Qing immediately divided the Xiongnu army into the left and right wings.

Yi Zhixie is a wolf on the grassland. He has a natural alertness. This vigilance comes from the predatory nature of grassland tribes. He felt dangerous when he looked at the Han army on the other side. His original purpose was to attack the Han army and destroy its main force. However, when he observed the battle between his 10,000 cavalry and 5,000 Han troops, he realized that he had no advantage. Just then, the wind and sand blew, and he immediately became alert. He released dozens of rangers to investigate in the main line, and soon there was a loud bow and arrow sound around him. He knew that the Han army had outflanked him. At this time, he knew very well that "there are many Han troops, Ma Shang is in Xinjiang, and fighting is not good for Xiongnu." Immediately gave the order to retreat, but his order was blocked by the sand flying all over the sky and the shouting of the two armies at war, which could not convey the eyes and ears of his tens of thousands of troops. He can only put on a spare big round horse and run away. His news was very clever. Knowing that he would meet another Han army in the east, he fled to the northwest with hundreds of guards around him.

Xie escaped with hundreds of people, but his main force didn't know it. He is still doing his duty as a soldier and fighting to the death with the Han army. Until late at night, he finally couldn't support breaking up in the north. Wei Qing Legion pursued 200 Li and beheaded more than 19,000 people. Xie was not seen among the prisoners and the leaders. Wei Qing unwilling, ordered the pursuit to the north again. They found a small town near Mount Yanran (now Taihang Mountain). They arrested the prisoners for interrogation, only to know that this is a small town built by Zhao Xin, but a private residence, full of food and military supplies. Wei Qing Legion enjoyed a few days, then set fire to Zhao Xincheng and retreated.

The horses and equipment of East Road Huo Qubing Corps are superior to those of West Road Wei Qing Corps. Huo Qubing himself was an assault general who took the general's head from the army of ten thousand horses. His officers are all young people, and their ranks are not high. Not even a general. Huo Qubing used senior colonel as a general, and the legion was full of passion and eager to make contributions. This is a positive and progressive army. On the way to the war, these boys sang and laughed all the way, and their energy was always so strong.

After Huo Qubing led a delegation out of Daixian County, he marched more than 2,000 miles to the north and finally found the main force of Xiongnu100000 people. Huo Qubing was overjoyed. He mobilized his regiment. The last sentence is: "Take Yi Zhixie alive." Say that finish, he pulled out a long knife and ran to the enemy line, followed by his fifty thousand soldiers.

The boys of the Han army waved combat knives on the saddle and braved the Huns' bows and arrows to assault forward. Their purpose was the main array, but before they rushed to the front, they saw hundreds of Xiongnu main arrays riding back and fleeing in a hurry, and the Xiongnu large array soon collapsed, forming a situation in which wolves rushed to the front. Huo Qubing was surprised: Why is Zhiyi so inclined? He immediately arrested several prisoners for interrogation and learned that Zuo's army was in front of him, while Zuo himself fled with hundreds of people.

Huo Qubing was disappointed. He had dreamed many times of catching Xie, but it was not Xie in front of him. In a fit of pique, he decided to take the left ten thousand yuan, and Huo Qubing chased him in the direction of the left escape. His 50,000 legions generally chased him north, and the Xiongnu army was really defeated. The Han army pursued all the way. They are a little tired. Suddenly one day, the Han army saw countless tents in front.

These tents are tall and luxurious, completely different from the ordinary herdsmen's tents seen by the Han army along the way, and look like they are moving. When the Han army appeared, groups of panicked cavalry rushed out from around the tent and automatically assembled in array to face the Han army.

Huo Qubing saw these cavalry crowded together, the queue is not neat. Obviously, they are not fighting troops. He felt strange and immediately understood that this must be the Huns' home front. Maybe there's someone important in the tent. He immediately ordered the whole army to be divided into three teams, one of which attacked head-on, and the other two teams attacked from the left and right wings. Never let a person run away.

One-sided skirmishes with brilliant results turned out to be the seat of Khan Pavilion (now Ulaanbaatar, Outer Mongolia). Huo Qubing Legion caught up with the last Huns near Wolf Xu Mountain, which was regarded as the end of the war. This battle killed the Huns' Beiche Jiaowang, captured three princes alive, including 83 officers from generals to a captain, and captured more than 70,000 Huns' officers and men alive, all of whom were from the left.

Although Yi Zhixie was not captured, he took Khan to Wang Ting with brilliant results, especially killing hundreds of Huns, which was a disaster for the Huns with a small number.

Next, Huo Qubing did three things, one was to seal the wolf to Xushan Mountain, the other was to seal the Gu Chan swallow (both mountains are near Ulaanbaatar today), and the third was to climb the Han Sea (now Lake Baikal in Russia) to worship heaven and earth.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) postscript

Is Zhiyi Xiekhan dead or alive? The rest of the Huns were in chaos, when the King of Yue, Guli, stood up. He said that Yi Zhixie Khan died heroically, and now the Huns must have a new Khan, and he, the king of the deep and remote, is the heir of Yi Zhixie. You Wang is the most powerful monarch after Xie and Zuo, but his personal ability and charm are far less than Xie's, and he can't control the Xiongnu tribal chiefs with different minds. Several chiefs are ready to take the tribe to find another way out, and your king is also ready to severely teach these disobedient people.

After the Xiongnu was attacked from the outside, it faced another internal chaos.

Ten days later, Yi Zhixie finally appeared. After all, he is a prairie man with a keen sense of smell and vision. He ran a big circle to the northwest under the pursuit of the Han army, and then returned to Mobei Wangting to the east. At this time, the king of the valley, Li, had to despondently remove the title of Khan.

After such a blow, Yi Zhixie never appeared in the desert south again. Since then, there has been a situation that there is no Wang Ting in the south of the desert.

In this war, the Han army won an all-round victory at the cost of losing tens of thousands of elite soldiers and more than ten Maneba. The strength of both sides shows a changing trend. The strength of the Han dynasty grew day by day, while the strength of the Xiongnu declined day by day.