Why is the Mandarin of Chengde people more standard than that of Beijing people?

I want to stay at home during the National Day holiday. I remember I once said in Weibo that people who travel on National Day don't have a long memory. However, on10.3 of 65438, we finally decided to go to Chengde, Hebei Province, the destination of Jingcheng Expressway. I still yearn for Chengde, especially its summer resort. After all, it is also a royal garden.

I left Beijing at 3 pm and came to Chengde unexpectedly. See dark green mountains along the way, with yellow leaves and red leaves occasionally, and the scenery is very good. Out of the expressway is the Yingbin Avenue in Chengde, with the wide Wulie River on the left and the neat new building on the right, which is very wide and imposing.

But the feeling of the old city is not so good. I went to the summer resort early the next morning and was disappointed.

The mountain of the summer resort is not beautiful, the water is not clear, and the ancient buildings are even more lacking. I have been to the Potala Palace in Lhasa, so I have little interest in the Little Potala Palace in Chengde. Fortunately, the restaurants in Chengde were much cheaper than those in Beijing and tasted good, so I had a good lunch.

There was a long traffic jam on the way back to Beijing. I came back to lie in bed, replaying this quick trip in my mind quickly, as if I had gained nothing.

Really not? Actually, there is.

The summer resort museum has three doors, left, middle and right, and there are long queues at the left and right doors. The middle gate is guarded by staff and police. Whenever an old man and his parents push a stroller, the police will come forward for questioning. When I was waiting in line at the left door, an elderly couple happened to be behind me. At this moment, the policeman at the middle door came forward and asked, How old are you? Is it 70? The two old people agreed. So the police let them enter the museum directly through the middle door.

The incident itself left a good impression on me, but what surprised me most was that the policeman spoke very standard Mandarin and felt like an announcer.

When I visited the mountain area in the summer resort, I bought a ticket and got on the tour bus. Occasionally talk to middle-aged drivers along the way, and drivers should greet guests to get on and off at every stop. I found that he also speaks Mandarin very well. This also surprised me.

Beijing is a city surrounded by Hebei. As long as I leave Beijing, including Huairou and Mentougou in Beijing, I have heard all kinds of Hebei accents, some of which are not easy to understand. I didn't expect to hear this pure Mandarin in Chengde, which is more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing.

Last night, Baidu knew that the Mandarin spoken by Chengde people was the closest to Mandarin, and it was closer to Mandarin than Beijing dialect.

Baidu Encyclopedia says: Mandarin is a modern language. It takes Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and vernacular Chinese determined in modern times as the grammatical norm. Addresses and definitions vary from place to place. Chinese mainland is called "Mandarin", Taiwan Province Province is called "Mandarin", and other non-Chinese languages are usually called "Chinese" or "Mandarin".

"Taking Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation" means recognizing and spelling Roman letters based on the phonetic system of Beijing dialect and Beijing dialect. However, we don't copy all the pronunciations of Beijing dialect. Putonghua is not equal to Beijing dialect, let alone the earliest Beijing dialect.

/kloc-0 graduated from the military academy in July, 1989 and was assigned to Beijing. Beijing at that time was far from being an immigrant city. There are few outsiders except tourists. Walking in the street, I heard that Beijing dialect and Beijing rhyme are still very strong, and many people with foreign accents are staff of state organs and troops. At that time, because of work, I often dealt with the driver of the first car. They are all pure Beijingers. After mixing with them for a long time, I found that Beijingers speak loudly and feel that Beijingers can't speak Mandarin well. But I have lived in Beijing for many years, and now I speak more or less childish, and occasionally I will come to several Beijing films.

Now walking on the streets of Beijing, I hear more foreign accents.

I remember last year I went to Xinzheng, Henan Province to attend the Yellow Emperor Cultural Forum. At the forum, a local student stood up and asked questions. He spoke Henan dialect, which made the audience laugh. The host of the forum is Ma Dong, the host of CCTV. He told the audience tactfully at that time: Don't laugh, if time goes back a thousand years, this classmate was only speaking Mandarin. Then the audience laughed again.

China is so big and vast, and there are countless dialects.

We all know that Qin Shihuang unified China characters, but when did the unified pronunciation begin? How did the Mandarin we speak come into being? In the Tang Dynasty, the most culturally tolerant in China's history, what was the accent, Shaanxi dialect or Henan dialect? If you can answer these questions, you are not only a linguist in China, but also a historian.

When I think about these issues, I think of several major ethnic integrations in northern China. The Han nationality in the north of China experienced numerous wars, displacement and southward migration. China experienced foreign invasion, slaughter and long-term rule like Yuan Dynasty. Presumably, northern Chinese has experienced the integration of various languages since its spread, and the pronunciation in the northern region is relatively close. The southern part of China, except Yunguichuan, has been relatively stable for a long time, retaining various dialects that make northerners sound like foreign languages.

In the Sui, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the rulers of China tried to unify the pronunciation of China people, otherwise the emperor and his old people would have to know how many dialects to govern the country. There are rhymes in the Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Guang Yun in the Song Dynasty and Zhongyuan in the Yuan Dynasty, with Dadu (that is, Beijing) dialect as the standard pronunciation. Zheng Yun was written in Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, and Manchu-Chinese bilingualism was practiced in the Qing Dynasty, and Manchu-Chinese dialect was formed in the late Qing Dynasty, which was the predecessor of modern standard Jingyin.

Wei Xiaobao in Jin Yong's works is absolutely a genius in language, otherwise he could not have wandered the Jianghu.

According to the information, "1728, Yong Zhengdi confirmed Beijing Mandarin as the official language, which was the first time in the history of China that the government led the promotion of standard pronunciation. By the middle and late Qing Dynasty, most areas in the north (including Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc. ) Close to the new Mandarin based on Beijing dialect, its influence surpassed that of Nanjing dialect based on Hongwu and Zheng Yun, and it became the most widely circulated language in China.

1909, the Qing government called Putonghua the national language. 19 1 1 year, the Ministry of Education of the Qing Dynasty passed the "Unified Mandarin Law", which used Beijing dialect as the national language to replace the original Manchu language, and prepared to increase its promotion. But in less than a year, the Qing Dynasty fell.

After the founding of the Republic of China, there was a debate about whether to use Beijing dialect as the national language. The focus of the debate is whether to give up Beijing dialect as Mandarin, because Beijing dialect is the national language of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty will deny it. China's dynasty change seems to be denying the previous generation.

At 1955 China People's Chinese Character Reform Conference and Academic Conference on Standardization of Modern Chinese, Putonghua was defined as a modern China homophone with Beijing pronunciation as the standard, northern dialect as the basic dialect and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm. This definition essentially puts forward the standard of Putonghua from three aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.

This is the Mandarin that we are used to now.

I often pass by Shanghai when I go to school. Shanghainese are still proud of Shanghainese and look down on people who can't speak Shanghainese. But now in Shanghai, an immigrant city, Mandarin has become the most commonly used language. However, the Mandarin accent in Shanghai is very strong, which is much worse than that in Chengde.

Chengde people have a long history of speaking Mandarin. Chengde used to be the Summer Palace in the Qing Dynasty for nearly 300 years. There are many people coming and going between Chengde, Beijing, including royalty and soldiers of the Eight Banners. They all learn and speak Mandarin. Chengde people should speak standard mandarin like this.

I wrote so much, not only to show that this trip to Chengde was fruitful, but also to say that our nation, which claims to have a history of 5,000 years of civilization, survived through "change". This nation has experienced the change of dynasties and the continuous integration with foreign nationalities, whether it is active or forced; Experienced the constant impact of foreign culture. Language is not only the carrier of culture, but also the representation of culture, and language is constantly changing.

Change is not terrible, and there will be problems if you don't change. In the face of change, the attitude we should adopt is called tolerance.