Luodian immigration bureau

According to the ancient history of Guizhou, Guizhou is now the main part of the ghost prescription. The time "can be traced back to the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty in a large scale, specifically from the beginning of the 4th century BC/KLOC-0 (Wuding, Yin 23) to the beginning of the 2nd century BC/KLOC-0 (Zhou Chengwang 2)". Judging from the origin of the Yi nationality, the Yi nationality is the oldest resident in Guizhou Province, with a recorded history of nearly 500 generations, about 1 10,000 years. According to the History of Yelang, the ancestors of Yi people were martial arts? Coe established Yelang ancient country in Coke. At that time, the region covered Qujing and Zhaotong in Yunnan, Yibin in Sichuan, northwest Guizhou, Liuzhi, Zhenning and Guiyang in Guizhou. According to "Ancient History of Guizhou", it was the country south of Wujiang River in Guizhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was destroyed at the beginning of the Warring States Period, forming Yelang Country. It can be seen that ancient Guizhou (before the Eastern Han Dynasty) experienced three major political changes, namely, the ghost face period, the coexistence period of Yelang country and the country, and the Yelang country period. This paper studies the political, economic and cultural times of Yelang ancient country from the coexistence of Yelang country and country to its demise.

I. Politics of Yelang Ancient Country

According to the Historical Biography of Yelang, the name of Yelang comes from "? Amon's third grandson Yelangduo gradually changed his name to the country name in the process of calling him, until? The 27th grandson of Amon (the ultimate ancient Yelang country). ? Eloumou, the grandson of Amon XIV, formed a complete ruling organization. First, with the marriage of the two parts. Later, it joined forces with Wu and Cha, the sixth ancestors of the Yi people, and became stronger from then on, making Coke its capital. After the rise of Yelang Kingdom, it first captured some small tribes around it, then set out to capture Cournot (Guiyang) in Dongpu, then marched westward to capture Coke in Xipu, and then attacked the land that escaped from the net at the junction of northeast Yunnan and southwest Guizhou, withdrawing troops and coming back to build Coke. Magu Town, Hezhang County, Guizhou Province, not far from Coke today, is Yelang's military camp. At that time, the situation was that "the barracks were as wide as clouds and there were as many soldiers as sheep", and 72 battles were played a day.

Elegy of Yina tells the story of Yelang fighting for land. Another branch of Yi ancestors called Emi, which attacked Yelang and launched wars in Dian, Gum, Bibi and Luoluo. Both sides have invested a lot of troops and launched water wars, fire wars and stone wars. As a result, EMI was defeated by Yelang. Anna, the ruler of Emei, bought ruler, Yelang's adviser, and Ruler promised to betray Yelang. In the second war, Yelang's territory was occupied and Yelang commander Ashe was killed. Xie's wife Ma took her children Xie Yilong and Mi Xilu to Luodian for refuge. In order to get revenge, Chilong practiced his skills alone and experienced many difficulties and obstacles. With the help of Sima Pu and Si Ge, he got the book "The Book of Constant Oath Curse" and the horn of concentrating troops, organized and mobilized powerful soldiers to avenge his father and restore Yelang. But the good times didn't last long, and Chilong was carried away by victory. While celebrating the victory of revenge, Missilou gave the horn to the spy E-meter. When he was attacked, the fake horn didn't sound and the soldier couldn't concentrate. He was defeated.

"History of Yelang" records that King Wu Yelang, who lives in Coke, the capital, harbors the idea that if he wants to occupy the land that escaped from the net, he must first annex the land of Cournot and be blocked by his younger brother at night. He pretended to be ill and sent two messengers to Cournot, informing him to block the soil at night and inviting him to visit Coke. I want to trick him into coke, kill him and annex his territory. After the emissary blocked Tujia at night, he saw through his plot when he asked his brother about his illness at night, so he killed the second emissary, started to catch Coke, captured Wu Yelang alive and imprisoned him. At night, blocking the soil holds Yelang's state power and manages it well. Later, commander A Ku, a hermit, set out to attack Coke, blocked the soil at night and led the troops to resist. He used the tactics of luring the enemy deep and then besieging. After introducing the reclusive soldiers into Coke City, he immediately counterattacked the besieged city, captured his soldiers and captured the reclusive commander A. Ku. Treat Ku with courtesy, release his soldiers, heal his wounds, return his weapons, and advocate reconciliation between the two families without enmity. Ku was deeply moved. He said that he would never fight again. However, when he returned to his own country, Aku was greatly scolded by his sister Agu, saying that he had lost the face of his ancestors when he was defeated, and asked her to hand over the military power and send troops to attack and block the soil again. After many disputes, brother and sister fought, but Agu couldn't beat them, so Agu unified his forces and sent his troops to attack again to block the soil. This time, because of blocking the soil, I saw that the other general was a woman, and I was paralyzed by underestimating the enemy. I was caught by Agu. Not convinced by blocking the soil, he said that he would kill if he wanted to, and he would never leave, but only asked not to kill his own soldiers and people. Agu said, "You let my brother go once, and I will let you go once. The two families are in debt to each other. Let's have another battle and win or lose. " Agu released the blocked soil and his soldiers, sent his troops home to celebrate the victory, and then prepared to attack Coke for the third time. This time, we have increased our vigilance against blocking the soil, prepared for the war seriously, and prepared for it. Finally, I defeated Agu and captured her. Agu still refused to admit defeat, and proposed to compete with the blocking soil. If he loses again, he will be a slave for life. Agu fought three wars with the blocking soil, but he was still convinced after losing, and was willing to listen to the blocking soil. It is polite to block the soil and propose to Agu, advocating reconciliation between the two families and no longer fighting. Agu was completely convinced and expressed support for the idea of soil blocking. He also proposed to Tu Tu to release his younger brother Wu Yelang and return the throne to him. They got married, left Coke, passed Lugou (Bijie), Bochaguo (generous), Guzong (Qianxi), arrived in Cournot (Guiyang), and moved to Grom (Anshun) to settle down, where they had children all their lives. After Wu Yelang returned to the throne, he repented of his mistakes, chose talents in coke, and managed the country seriously.

The law of Yelang State is relatively perfect. When the ancient capital was still in Coke, King Yelang promulgated 20 written laws: First, all thieves cut off their fingers; Article 2: Anyone who cheats or robs shall gouge out his eyes; Third, those who are unfilial will be punished, and those who are serious will be skinned; Article 4. Anyone who gathers people to plot against the government will be sentenced to death. Fifth, you must pay taxes and rent, and offenders will confiscate land and property, and in serious cases, they will be imprisoned until they are executed; Article 6: Every subject will be dedicated to 30 beautiful women every year, and those who fail to do so will be put in prison. Seventh, whoever cries, dig his left eye first, and then dig his right eye; Eighth, anyone who violates your orders and talks about your elders will be punished by sending troops; Ninth, freedom of marriage, offenders will be light education, heavy beheading; Article 10: On the first day of October every year, subjects celebrate the night husband's birthday, and offenders will be imprisoned or beheaded; Eleventh, we must carefully cultivate and graze to ensure a bumper harvest; Anyone who makes lean pigs or sheep will be a slave for life; Article 12: Every man must marry three wives, and if he has many children and grandchildren, he will be rewarded with three fields. Article 13: All prisoners of war are civilians when they settle down and divide their fields. If they disobey or even abscond, they will be executed. Fourteenth, all kinds of classics are in the charge of Bimo, and the possessor is hell to pay; Fifteenth, soldiers are not allowed to steal, rob, escape or sell, and all offenders will be put to death; Article 16: Soldiers must be loyal to your commander and don't talk nonsense, otherwise they will be punished. Seventeenth, soldiers must be brave and not afraid of death, and those who flee will be beheaded; Article 18: The hero is given a heavy burial and sacrifice. Those who pierce the arrow from the chest are heroes, those who enter from behind are deserters, and those who escape from the battle are shot. Article 19: The duty of a general is to lead troops to fight and strictly observe military discipline. Those who win the battle will be rewarded according to their merits, and those who lose the battle will be put to death. Article 20, the mole cut off his hands and feet and gouged out his eyes.

Yelang country is not only strict in law, but also very strict in implementation. The history of Yelang tells two stories. The first thing is that one night, after hearing a woman crying, Yelang Wang ordered his attendants to grab the woman and cut off her left eye. The woman hasn't stopped crying, and her right eye has been cut off. The poor woman held bloody eyeballs in her hands and denounced the Yelang King. King Yelang was furious and asked the attendants to drag the woman out and cut off her hand. The woman "screamed and fainted." The second thing is that not far from the Coke Palace, a woman slept at home with a one-year-old child and went out to fetch water. The child began to cry and was heard by Yelang Wang. He thought it was against your orders, even if the attendants brought the child. After the attendants brought the child, King Yelang ordered him to be beheaded. The attendants knelt down one by one and begged the Yelang King, "This child is too young to obey. Please let him live. " After repeated persuasion, Yelang Wang became angry and said, "Since the child is too young and disobedient, we will rescue him from the sword and take him to the river to feed the fish." Say goodbye and order the attendants to carry the baby into the river. On the way, I met the child's mother carrying water and asked, "How did you take his child out?" The waiter told her the situation. The woman plopped down on her knees and asked her to return her child. The attendants said: "The king also ordered beheading and repeatedly persuaded him to avoid death, but he was sent to the river to feed the fish." The woman cried herself crazy, but the child was thrown into the river.

Yelang country is in two periods: slave society and feudal society, which is marked by two periods in politics. Elegy of Ina tells the story of Emei attacking Yelang and being defeated by Yelang after accumulating strength. The defeated soldiers of the Emei Sect were driven to the market by Yelang to sell: "The wounded soldiers of the Emei Sect, 99,000 wounded soldiers, led a string of things like sheep and sold them in the market." The Story of Yelang describes some dialogues between Wu and Lu after the war, all about "I lost not only the soldiers as your slaves, but also me as your slaves". Although these stories reflect the process of prisoners of war becoming slaves, they show that the stories took place in the late slave society. This paper introduces twenty laws promulgated by Yelang Wang. "Article 5: Taxes and rents must be paid, and the land and property of the violator shall be confiscated. In serious cases, the offender will be imprisoned until the death penalty is executed; Article 13: All prisoners of war are civilians when they settle down and divide their fields. If they disobey or even abscond, they will be executed, which reflects the obvious characteristics of feudal society and shows that the law was promulgated in the early days of feudal society.

The regime organization form of Yelang State is family system, and the circulation mode is inheritance system. The management mode is to manage people in the area under its jurisdiction through neighboring cities. Legend of Yelang, Elegy of Yina and Origin of Yi people all introduce the 27th king of Yelang. These kings are passed down from generation to generation by direct blood relatives. The names of these kings are all in the form of joint names of father and son. What was the name of the first king? Monk, the second generation is Meng Ayi, and the third generation is Yelangduo ... which has been expressed until the 27th generation. Pang Yi is the second-level ruling institution of Yelang State. Most of these neighboring cities are relatives of Yelang Wang, who issued orders on his behalf to collect taxes and rents.

After Qin unified China, in order to weaken Yelang power and bring Yelang area into unified management, the court set up counties in this area. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set Qianwei as the county to lead twelve counties, namely? Daoxian, Jiangyang, Wuyang, Nan 'an, Zizhong, Fuxian and Niu? County, Nanguang County, Hanyang County (now Hezhang County), Wu Cun County, Zhuti County and Tanglang County. "History of Han Geography" said: "Qianwei County (opened in Ding Yuan in June. ..... Ying Shao said: Therefore, Yelang Kingdom. ……)。 "This shows that Yelang is in Qianwei County at this time. In BC 1 10 (the first year of Han Yuanfeng), a county was established, leading to 17 county, which was subordinate to Guizhou. Because it was the late Yelang Kingdom, King Yelang had moved to the east (Anshun) with his family and minions, and then moved to the west. At this time, Yelang Kingdom was in the county.

After the establishment of the county system, the court also adopted the policy of "detention" in Yelang area. On the one hand, this policy sends mainland Han officials as governors and county orders, and sets up strongholds in some counties with high production and development level to rule the people of all ethnic groups within their jurisdiction. On the other hand, because different nationalities live in this area, it is impossible for the Han officials sent by the imperial court to rule the Han people in the mainland, and it is impossible to seal some of the original slave owners and tribal nobles within each nationality, so that they can maintain their original dominant position in their own nation and rule their own people according to the old ruling methods. The rule of officials sent by the Han people was carried out through these indigenous leaders. In 65438 BC+065438 BC+065438 BC+0 BC (the sixth year of Ding Yuan), Fu Bo's general Lu Bode and others had already invaded South Vietnam, and the soldiers of Chiyi and Eight Generals had not yet arrived, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the southwest to be recruited. So Nanyi settled down and decided to set up a county. When Yelang Hou entered the court, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named him Yelang King, granted him a fief and reserved a certain territory for him. Qianwei County added a southern captain to govern Hanyang County. After the establishment of Hou Jun, Galand was chosen as the county, Yelang County (now Anshun area) as the viceroy, Wuba as the satrap and Tang Meng as the viceroy. The establishment of the county system cut off the region of Yelang country in disguise; With the implementation of the "imprisonment" policy, Yelang's rule was gradually controlled by the court. Due to the rule of these two ways, the status of Yelang Kingdom gradually weakened, and the court's dominant position in this area gradually increased. Therefore, the disintegration of Yelang Kingdom has become a historical necessity.

Second, the economy of Yelang ancient country

1in the autumn of 977, under the guidance of the Archaeological Group of Guizhou Provincial Museum, with the participation of teachers and students from the History Department of Guizhou Normal University, Neolithic remains were excavated on Zishanpo, majiawan, Leke Township, Hezhang County. Judging from the six stone balls unearthed, people are engaged in hunting, which is a transition from hunting wild animals to domestication. Judging from the flat stone chisel, people have built simple houses. Combined with the production of pottery, people settled down and entered the matriarchal clan society. Judging from the unearthed two pottery spinning wheels, people have learned the primitive textile technology. Judging from the two bronzes unearthed, people have mastered the technology of copper smelting and can make simple weapons. Thus, in the Neolithic Age, Coke had a certain economic foundation. The History of Yelang: The capital of Yelang and Yelang Dragon Kingdom is the political, economic and cultural center of Yelang and its Dragon Kingdom. The population, cattle, horses, sheep and grain plundered by the war are concentrated in various cities. Some cities are industrial cities, specializing in smelting gold, silver, copper and iron, casting bows, arrows, knives, guns and other weapons. Some buildings and palaces in the city are decorated with gold, silver and copper. Yelang's chickens, ducks, cows, horses and sheep are everywhere, as well as sheephead people and black pig people who specialize in raising cows, horses and sheep. The land is fertile, and buckwheat can't be eaten. "Yellow people", "young people" and "slaves", their main labor is to grow food. Yelang's economy has always been a combination of agriculture, animal husbandry and handicraft industry, with a considerable level of development.

In the chapter "Wontoni Weaving Silk" in Elegy of Ina, it is said that planting mulberry, sericulture, spinning and weaving began in Chengdu Plain at the earliest, and then it was introduced into Yelang country. The Wutuo branch of Yelang Kingdom is mainly responsible for planting mulberry, sericulture and weaving, and the labor scene is very lively:

Wotoni's woman,

Planting mulberry trees to feed silkworms,

Silkworms spin silk and form cocoons.

Collect silk,

Spinning thread,

After washing the yarn,

Send it to the textile mill;

Mr. Votoni,

Pull the rope like an ant,

Wiring is like pigeons.

Copper smelting technology has been improved, and the chapter "Five Grains Beat Copper" in Elegy of Ina says:

On Tongshan,

Copper ore and copper sand,

As wide as a big stone;

Ministers and officials have many ways,

Build a furnace to smelt copper.

……

Wu Yelang's family,

Bronze statue;

At the sacrifice site,

A bronze drum made of copper;

Beat halberds with copper,

Beat copper as a shield.

This passage shows that in Yelang country, copper has been used to make statues, utensils and weapons. Hezhangpu has an ancient copper smelting site, which may be the copper smelting base of Yelang ancient country.

From the unearthed objects, there are bronze drums, mirrors and bronzes, including pots, crowns, helmets and ding. In 2000, the tomb of General Yelang was dug up in coke, and a drum-shaped copper kettle with a copper mask was worn. On both sides of the copper pot, the dragon is the ear, and on the top, the tiger is the tripod. Its production is fine and its modeling is realistic. The unearthed cultural relics are consistent with the records in Yi language, reflecting the level of smelting industry in Yelang period and people's superb skills in making utensils.

We can see that Yelang's economic development started with agriculture and animal husbandry, followed by copper smelting and making utensils. This shows that Yelang Kingdom has entered the slave society. Slave owner society is a slave owner relationship. Slave owners not only have a large number of means of production, but also directly own producers-slaves. In Yelang country, slaves, like the whole society, are not only exploited, but also bought and sold as livestock. At that time slaves were called "? Children were rushed to the market by slave owners to sell. Meanwhile, "Ma Yu" and? Cattle have become an important commodity in the market. This is because slavery needs not only talking tools-slaves, but also tools that can't talk. Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi said: "Before Shu Zhuo's family, there were Zhao people living there. Qin was moved to Zhuojia by Zhao ... This made him happy. The county Tieshan was drummed and cast, and the strategy was used to water the people of Yunnan and Sichuan. " "Move, lu lu also. Zhu Ye, a chase? The people, the rich Zhuo family, all live in Linyi. "As can be seen from this passage, Shu Zhuoshi and Cheng Zhengshi used a large number of slaves to mine iron ore and cast iron, and transported them from Lin Qiong (now Qionglai, Sichuan) to Yelang and other cities for sale, so that the backward people in Yelang gave up stone farm tools and adopted iron farm tools, which promoted the agricultural development of Yelang. The pottery unearthed in Jiaozuo has great hardness and many patterns. Except for some utensils, the rest are works of art, which shows that the pottery industry is quite developed. Although the technological level is not as high as that of the products in the Central Plains, the patterns are not monotonous and the shapes are very realistic. At the same time, the hardness of Han bricks unearthed is high, which indicates that the firing temperature is high, close to the technical level of Central Plains.

Agricultural and sideline products and their processing are also very developed. Tang Meng ate this citric acid sauce in South Vietnam until Yelang merchants bought it from Pakistan and sold it in South Vietnam. When I returned to Chang 'an, I asked Shu's family. They said, "Only Shu produces citric acid sauce, but most of them are stolen from the market." According to the "Tongzhi" cloud: "Xufu produces gouache, and the history book gouache is like this. All belong to Zhangzhou, and there is nothing today. " "Xingren County Records" says: "Is the mountain produced? Flowers are like vines, leaves like water chestnuts, and children like mulberries. Camus pressed oil, which is sauce and spicy. Take its leaves and eat them wrapped in betel nuts, which means you can smash them. Miao women hold a ceremony and think it is different. " According to "Justice in Historical Records", Rongzhou, the country and the ancient Yelang realm, and now Xingren is also the Yelang realm. It can be seen here that gouache is produced in Yelang country, or southwest of Shu country. In order to avoid double taxation by the government, businessmen are "stealing the market", making high profits and trafficking them to South Vietnam.

"Huayang Guozhi" said: "Pingyi County (now Bijie) produces tea honey, which is collected from the mountains." It shows that gouache sauce and tea honey are agricultural and sideline products, which appear as commodities in Yelang market.

"History of Han Geography" says, "Talk about Dan." "Records of Counties and Counties in the Later Han Dynasty" says: "Yelang gives birth to orpiment." It shows that Yelang's minerals are quite famous.

In Yelang market, except slaves (? Hey hey hey. In addition to cattle, there are citric acid sauce, tea honey, orpiment, cinnabar and other products. Business is developed and the market is prosperous. During the Western Han Dynasty, Faba and Shu soldiers opened up Wuchi Road. The road refers to the river, the traffic is more convenient than before, and the business has also developed to some extent. This unearthed a large number of currencies circulating in the market at that time, such as five baht, fifty springs, cargo springs, cloth and so on. This shows that metal money is widely used and is no longer barter. The pottery of Han Dynasty unearthed in Xingyi has a rice model, which shows that agriculture in Yelang area is quite developed. The lacquer ear cup unearthed in Qingzhen is a drinking and measuring instrument made in Guanghan County in the early Yuan Dynasty. Yongyuan altar of zhongkedu wine unearthed in Pingba and other pottery altars unearthed in Han tombs are mostly vessels for holding wine, which shows that Yelang area has made wine on the basis of agricultural development. This development not only shows that the slave society has been highly developed, but also has been brewing feudal economic factors.

In order to consolidate national unity and control all parts of the country, Qin attaches great importance to the development of transportation. For Southwest Yi, opening up Wuchi Road is a part of Qin's traffic development plan. Regarding the construction of Wuchi Road, before and after Qin Shihuang ascended the throne, Li Bing was appointed as the magistrate of Shu County. Road area and mountain road can be said to be the beginning of the construction of Wuchi Road. By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to subdue South Vietnam, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Tang Meng to transfer the Bashu ranks to build the army? Tao (present-day Xuyong, Sichuan) pointed to the river (Beipanjiang) waterway. After a lapse of two years, although this Yelang Road has not been completely completed, the situation of deep resistance of Nanyi Mountains and Rivers has changed somewhat. The Han court also set up a postal kiosk on the completed Yelang Road. Historical Records once listed "Nanyi began to set up postal kiosks" as a milestone in the chronology in BC 129 (the sixth year of Yuanguang). "Huayang Guozhi" also recorded this, saying: "Since? Tao, Nanguang Eight Pavilions, the road is smooth. " The postal kiosk is an ancient building, located along the way, for people and passengers who deliver documents to stay.

1958, Hezhang Coke unearthed a precious cultural relic, namely "Wuyang Chuanshe Bill" iron furnace. On the inner wall of the furnace body near the edge of the furnace mouth, there are six Chinese characters: official script, Yang Wen and "Wuyang Chuanshe Coffin". "Wuyang", near pengshan county, Sichuan, belonged to Qianwei County in the Western Han Dynasty. "Chuanshe", like "post station" and "postal kiosk", was a place where passengers could stay at that time. "Compare two" means casting two iron furnaces at the same time. According to documents, there are couriers and couriers in the delivery management institutions, who are responsible for providing cars, horses and accommodation for officials and people who deliver official documents and memorials. This indicates that the traffic organization in the Central Plains has been extended to remote minority areas during the Qin and Han Dynasties, which has promoted the development of traffic and commerce in these areas.

In order to cooperate with the establishment of the county system and the garrison of the army, the Han dynasty also implemented the policy of reclamation. Historical Records Biography of Pinghuai: "(Emperor Wu) was connected with the Southwest Yi Road, ..... that is, to raise the people and enrich Tian Nanyi, to be an official in Su County and to receive money from the capital." Most of these noble citizens are landlords and businessmen. These nobles are inseparable from the exploited working people, so the vast majority of them are working people of Han nationality who come to farm. Some of them were plundered by the central plains ruling class and had no livelihood, so they were drafted into the army; Have a plenty of crime, forced into exile; Some soldiers who were separated in the war stayed and settled down. The "Nanyi" mentioned here is Yelang area. The purpose of this immigration policy is to strengthen the material foundation of feudal rule. At the same time, it also has the nature of military immigration. Among the immigrants, except Hao Min, ordinary farmers engaged in agricultural production were exploited by the ruling class such as county magistrate, county magistrate and Hao Min, and they had to refuse military service. They were driven by the ruling class and used as tools to suppress the people.

The improvement of social productive forces will inevitably lead to corresponding changes in social relations of production. After more than 100 years of changes, the system of reclaiming farmland in the Western Han Dynasty was gradually destroyed in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Among the bureaucrats, landlords and businessmen who entered Yelang area, many people were given land by the feudal dynasty, and their titles were sealed, and their descendants inherited them. Because they have all kinds of economic and political privileges from generation to generation, they occupy a lot of land, oppress and exploit the working people, and constantly develop into a powerful ruling force. The descendants of the working people of the Han nationality who were engaged in reclamation were forced to be soldiers for the ruling class and became dependent farmers under the strict control of the feudal aristocratic territory. At the same time, under the influence of productivity improvement and feudal economy, some former slave owners and nobles gradually merged into the ruling group, and many former slaves and civilians began to rely on farmers. Therefore, the feudal relations of production, which were opposed by the ruling class and the ruled class, further developed.

Third, Yelang ancient culture

Associated with a certain economic development, it will inevitably produce a social culture that adapts to it. In the long-term economic development, Yelang ancient country also gave birth to rich and colorful social culture. Working people are not only creators of material wealth, but also creators of spiritual culture. People of all ethnic groups have created the ancient Yelang culture in the long process of * * * working together and * * * living together. Because the rulers of past dynasties paid insufficient attention to the culture created by the working people in Yelang area, and the literature records were quite few, it was quite difficult to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study on it.

The ancestors of Yi people were the earliest people in Yelang area in ancient times, and created splendid Yelang culture in their long-term production and life. The most striking symbol of Yi ancestors' culture is the invention and use of ancient Chinese characters. According to the origin of Yi people, Yi language has a history of nearly 500 generations, calculated by the genealogy of father and son. If calculated by the interval of 20 years in each generation, the time for the invention of Yi language has been around 10,000 years, then at least in the late primitive society, Yi language has also been produced. Yi culture has a long history and is rich and colorful. According to preliminary statistics, there are about 4000 kinds of Yi ancient books scattered in Bijie area. These documents vividly reflect the ancestors' understanding of the universe and the origin of mankind, as well as the social features of the Yi people in ancient times, and reflect the political, economic and cultural conditions of various tribes.

The ancestors of Yi people have long had simple materialism and dialectics. They believe that "at the beginning of Archean, there was a vague space, and then there was a clear atmosphere, and the change formed a sigh." Feed everything in the world and feed mankind. "When dealing with the objective material world, they think that everything in the world is constantly changing and moving. The view of Yi ancestors on the continuous development and change of things is the embodiment of simple materialism and simple dialectical thought.

The ancestors of Yi people also have rich astronomical knowledge, and once created and used astronomical calendars. Compared with the Han nationality, the personification of stars, the names of people and things, and the names of stars and things are all self-contained.

The artistic creation thoughts of Yi ancestors are also quite rich. Judging from the cultural relics unearthed in Coke, the patterns of cultural relics include seal script and animal graphics; The carving technology has reached a quite advanced level. The "dragon" and "tiger" on the head burial pot unearthed by Coke in 2000 are lifelike. The weapons used are also engraved with animals and patterns. "Elegy of Ina" says: There are nine kinds of famous spears made in Shi Yao, the spearhead of which is an eagle, and there are tiger stripes on the handle. A large number of pottery were unearthed in Qingzhen, Pingba, Weining, Qianxi and Hezhang. In addition to pottery used in general life, there are also products such as pottery figurines and pottery beasts. There are dance figurines, case figurines, ear figurines, Zheng figurines, tomb animals, pottery sheep, pottery pigs, pottery chickens and other varieties in the Han tombs in western Guizhou. Although the technology level is not as high as that of Zhongyuan products, the pattern is not monotonous and the shape is very realistic. All these reflect the cultural and artistic level of Yelang ancient country.