Education in Zichang County

In the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was abolished and schools were established. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Anding Wenbi Academy was changed into the county's first higher primary school, and Wayaobao Zhengyi Academy was changed into the county's second higher elementary school.

After the Revolution of 1911, the academy was renamed as a school. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (1916), the county's first and second higher elementary schools were renamed as the county's first higher elementary school and the county's second higher elementary school, respectively. , study room were renamed as primary schools. In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), Wang Tinglun, a former teacher of the County's Second Higher Primary School, returned to his hometown in Wangjiagou Village, Yujiawan District to establish a private higher primary school. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), it was changed to the County's Third Higher Primary School (the site of the school in the 16th year of the Republic of China). Moved to Dawang Temple in Yujiawan District).

In February of the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), the Catholic Church established a missionary school in Wayaobao Catholic Church. It admitted students free of charge and offered Chinese language, arithmetic, singing, drawing, handicrafts, self-cultivation, etc., and required students to recite hymns. (Sing praises to Jesus and God during worship), read the Bible familiarly.

In the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), the county added two higher primary schools: Panlong Primary School in the South District was changed to the county's fourth higher elementary school, and Yangjiayuanzi Primary School in the east district was changed to the county's fifth higher elementary school.

In the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), Hou Fanqing (Xikang) used the Wayaobao Yicang cave dwelling to establish a civilian school (renamed Miliangshan Primary School in the twenty-sixth year of the Republic of China) to attract the children of workers and peasants. The purpose is to impart new culture and new knowledge. In the same year, the Anding Girls' School was founded in the Anding Confucian Temple, with more than 30 girls. In the 16th year (1927), Wayaobao Girls' School was founded, and Du Fangming and Yingluo became teachers.

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), the Catholic Church established the Wujiaping Mission School. Students enrolled free of charge and were provided with meals. Due to the famine that year, most children from poor people enrolled in the school, and the school was closed in the 23rd year (1934).

In November of the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the central government established Lenin Primary School in Wayaobao. In the twenty-fifth year (1936), there were 8 Lenin primary schools in Zichang County. Li Ruiting, a teacher of Lenin Primary School in District 1, won awards from the Central Ministry of Education and the Northern Shaanxi Provincial Government.

In the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1938), the Anding County Government of Shaanxi Province established a large-scale construction project in Zhongyuan Town (Wayaobao), Yangjiayuanzi, Renjiasi, Nangoucha, Jianyucha, Yujiawan, etc. There are 6 jointly guaranteed primary schools and 20 Baojia primary schools in the 6 jointly guaranteed areas. There are 32 primary schools in Anding County of the border area, including 1 complete primary school (Anding), 1 model primary school (Liao Gongqiao), and 30 ordinary primary schools, with a total of students 595 people. After the Kuomintang withdrew in the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the Anding County Government of the Border Region took over the schools in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.

In the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941), there were two complete primary schools in Zichang County: the County’s First Complete Primary School (formerly Longgongxiang Primary School, referred to as Yiwan) and the County’s Second Complete Primary School ( Yangjiayuanzi). Anding and Yujiawan high schools were downgraded to junior primary schools. There are 54 junior primary schools in Zichang County, with 1,892 students and 96 teachers. In the thirty-first year (1942), schools were merged and teachers were streamlined. Zichang County had 2 primary schools and 21 junior primary schools with 1,152 students and 45 teachers. In April of the thirty-sixth year (1947), the Kuomintang army Hu Zongnan occupied Wayaobao, and all primary schools in the territory were closed. In October of the same year, the whole territory was restored, and Zi Changyiwan, Yangjiayuanzi Erwan, Anding Primary School, and Yujiawan Primary School resumed their studies one after another.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, primary education developed rapidly. In 1953, Anding complete primary schools were restored. There were 3 complete primary schools, 78 public junior primary schools, and 34 private junior primary schools in Zichang County. In 1955, junior primary schools such as Yujiawan, Jianyucha, and Nangoucha were upgraded to full primary schools, and the number of complete primary schools in Zichang County increased to 7. In 1957, Zichang County had 21 complete primary schools, 56 public junior primary schools, and 98 private junior primary schools. The school layout was gradually rationalized, school education was increasingly on track, teaching facilities were improved, and teaching quality was gradually improved.

In 1958, Zichang County put forward the slogan of popularizing primary, secondary, part-time and early childhood education and formulated the "Zichang County General Education Development Plan from 1958 to 1962". In that year, 13,738 school-age children were enrolled, accounting for 10% of the school-age children. 98.20% of the total number of children, 13,990. In 1959, the number of schools increased dramatically, with 47 complete primary schools, 109 public junior primary schools, and 133 social junior primary schools in Zichang County. In 1961, the education system was streamlined and streamlined, and schools and teachers underwent single and double transfers (that is, when schools and teachers were transferred from public to private at the same time, it was called double transfer, and when one school or teacher was transferred to private, it was called single transfer). Students were mobilized to drop out of school and return to their hometowns to participate in labor. By the end of the year, the number of primary schools in Zichang County had been reduced to 44, 96 public junior primary schools, and 74 private junior primary schools. In 1962, the "Provisional Work Regulations (Draft) for Full-time Primary and Secondary Schools" formulated by the central government was implemented, the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" centered on adjustment was implemented, schools were merged, and teachers were streamlined. By 1963, Zichang County There are 30 public primary schools, 4 private primary schools, 78 public junior primary schools, and 140 teachers. In 1964, based on the current situation of scattered living and lack of conditions for running schools, "walking on two legs" was proposed. Zichang County established 103 primary schools in various forms, including 47 half-day schools, 49 morning and afternoon classes, and literacy classes. 7.

In the early days of the "Cultural Revolution", various schools "suspended classes to start a revolution." In 1968, Zichang County had 33 public primary schools, 100 private junior primary schools, and 58 primary schools.

In 1969, rural primary schools were decentralized and run by large groups, and schools were managed by poor and lower-middle peasants. Students studied workers, farmers, soldiers, and criticized the bourgeoisie as the main tasks of the schools. The teaching of cultural courses was weakened and the quality of education declined. Beginning in 1979, primary school education gradually got on the right track. After the agricultural production responsibility system was implemented in rural areas, it was difficult for education to adapt to the new situation. More and more students dropped out of school to work in agriculture, resulting in the first major educational decline since the founding of the People's Republic of China. According to statistics, the enrollment rate of school-age children in Zichang County was 82.20% in 1981, rose to 94.70% in 1982, and dropped to 91.40% in 1983. In May 1984, Zichang County formulated the "Plan for Universal Elementary Education in Zichang County". The Education Bureau organized a general education propaganda team to conduct publicity tours to mobilize school-age children to enter school and drop-out children to return to school. By the end of the year, Zichang County's universal primary education rate reached 80.60% . In 1987, village and school leaders guaranteed the enrollment rate, head teachers guaranteed the retention rate, and teachers guaranteed the graduation rate and popularity rate. Zichang County’s enrollment rate reached 97.30%, the retention rate was 98.90%, the graduation rate was 98.60%, and the popularity rate was 93.80%. , after on-site inspection by the provincial and local acceptance teams, all indicators of Zichang County met the provincial standards and was rated as a county with basic universal primary education in Shaanxi Province. In 1988, in response to the situation of too many campuses, insufficient teachers, and incomplete courses, the principle was that "it is conducive to setting up classes nearby, concentrating teachers, developing a complete curriculum, and rationally using existing school buildings." In principle, the 204 completed primary schools were reduced to 71. In 1990, Zichang County had 412 primary schools, 1,454 teaching classes, and 23,520 students (10,467 of whom were female). The enrollment rate of school-age children reaches 96.31%, the consolidation rate is 92.53%, the graduation rate is 93.02%, and the popularity rate is 95%. Domestic middle school education was founded in the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945). In January of that year, Zichang Middle School was approved by the 96th Government Affairs Conference of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government. On April 6, "Liberation Daily" published "Zichang Middle School" "Enrollment Advertisement", the founding and opening ceremony was held on May 5th, using the Zizhangyiwan School Building (formerly the Catholic Church) to enroll 5 junior high school classes, with a total of 250 people, and Liu Duanfen was appointed as the principal. In the thirty-fifth year (1946), Kuomintang planes carried out air raids. Teachers and students moved to Qiugoutai for classes during the day and moved back to the city at night. In April of the 36th year (1947), the Kuomintang army Hu Zongnan occupied Wayaobao. Zichang Middle School was closed. Most of the teachers and students joined the People's Liberation Army, and a few students were merged into Suide Normal School. In September of the same year, according to the instructions of the Education Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, Zichang Middle School was merged into Yan'an Xingzhi Middle School.

In 1954, Zichang Normal University established a junior high school class with an enrollment of 45 students. In 1955, Zichang Middle School was restored (hereinafter referred to as Zizhong), enrolling 3 junior high school classes with a total of 180 students. In 1957, Zichang Private Middle School was established in the county Lianshe compound, enrolling 131 students. In 1958, Zizhong enrolled one high school class and became the first complete middle school in Zichang County. At the same time, the private middle school was abolished and the students were merged into Zizhong. In October of the same year, Ansai County was abolished, and the three communes of Zhenwudong, Pingqiao, and Huaziping were placed under Zichang County. Zichang County has 5 middle schools: Zizhong (No. 1 Middle School), Zhenwudong Middle School (No. 2 Middle School), Anding Middle School (Third Middle School), Yangjiayuanzi Middle School (Fourth Middle School), and Jianyucha Middle School (Fifth Middle School) have 29 junior high school classes with 1,580 students; 3 high school classes with 125 students and 116 faculty and staff . In 1961, Ansai County was restored and Zhenwudong Middle School returned to Ansai County. In 1962, Jianyucha Middle School was abolished, and over-age students from all middle schools returned to their hometowns to participate in production. In 1963, Anding Middle School was abolished. In 1964, Zichang County had two middle schools: Zizhong (complete middle school) and Yangjiayuanzi Middle School (junior middle school), with 711 students and 60 teaching staff.

In the early days of the "Cultural Revolution", all middle schools "suspended classes to start a revolution." In 1970, Zizhong and Yangjiayuanzi middle schools enrolled 151 high school students, and junior high school classes were added to the complete primary schools in each commune to become seven-year schools. By the end of the year, Zichang County had 34 seven-year schools with 4,105 junior high school students. In 1971, the seven-year schools in Jianyucha and Anding were converted into nine-year schools. There are 41 middle schools in Zichang County, including 4 complete middle schools and 37 seven-year schools. Beginning in 1973, the entrance examination was abolished and freshmen were admitted through recommendation and selection. In order to obtain recommended places for further education, some primary schools run by the team changed to seven-year schools one after another regardless of teaching conditions and teaching staff. By 1976, the number of middle schools in Zichang County increased to 89, including 4 complete middle schools and 85 seven-year schools. .

In 1979, the layout of middle schools was adjusted, 28 eight-year team-run schools were eliminated, and teachers, teaching equipment, and education funds were used intensively. In 1983, Zichang County had 2 complete middle schools, 5 junior middle schools, and 11 eight-year schools. In 1985, Zichang County had two complete middle schools, Zizhong and Yangjiayuanzi Middle School, including Jianyucha, Lijiacha, Nangoucha, Yujiawan, Anding, Luanjiaping, Qijiawan, Yujiaping, There are 14 junior high schools including Majiapian, Resiwan and Chengguan. In 1990, there were 18 middle schools in Zichang County, including 2 complete middle schools, 8 independent junior high schools, and 8 central schools.