Is Shanghai livable?

There is a certain gap between Shanghai's livability and new york, London, Paris and Tokyo, but the growth rate of Shanghai's livability is higher than that of benchmarking global cities, with strong development potential. Based on the assumption that there will be no change in the future, the livability of Shanghai is approaching the four major cities in the world. However, in the process of Shanghai's transformation from a new economy to a developed economy, major changes may occur (for example, the demand for leisure travel and vacation is increasing; The driving force of innovation and entrepreneurship to economic drive and increase industrial added value is increasing day by day; With the development of economy, the increase of income and the increase of floating population, the crime rate in Shanghai will be from low to high. Shanghai's aging population is increasing; The world is moving from material civilization to ecological civilization; International rules require the internationalization of Shanghai system; Shanghai will form a multi-center city; The inevitable trend of building a sustainable city in Shanghai: the inevitability of building an elastic city to cope with climate change; Shanghai's huge population size and traffic congestion pressure have put forward the urgent need to build a compact city with integrated production and city, and the original development process may be broken. Then, the development countermeasures of building Shanghai into a livable global city.

First of all, build a global city platform and build a global city that is livable, suitable for business and suitable for travel. In terms of the guarantee of livable economic development, although Shanghai has made some achievements in the utilization of foreign capital and economic aggregate, its per capita GDP index is low, only110 of new york, lacking the support of economic strength. New york is a world-class scientific and technological innovation center, which is at the high end of the world industrial chain. Drawing lessons from new york's experience, Shanghai should make full use of the opportunity of FTZ, speed up the economic system reform, reduce the rent-seeking cost, build a global science and technology innovation center, enhance the entrepreneurial innovation ability of individuals and enterprises, seize the high-end of industrial chain, increase the added value of products, effectively improve the total GDP and per capita GDP level, and provide economic support for Shanghai to improve the livability of global cities.

Secondly, establish a first-class management system to improve the scope and quality of public services. Shanghai's public security expenditure accounts for less than that of four global cities. The number of criminal cases closed per million people has increased year by year, while the four major cities in the world have decreased year by year. At the same time, the incidence of cases in Shanghai is rising, and the incidence of cases in four major cities around the world is declining. The main reason is that the safety monitoring facilities and public security investment in Shanghai are insufficient, the law enforcement regulations are not perfect, and the deterrent effect on criminals is insufficient, which objectively reduces the crime cost, resulting in an increase in the number of criminal cases per million people year by year. Therefore, Shanghai should increase public security expenditure, build a world-class social security management system, enhance the deterrent to crime and increase the cost of crime. The Internet penetration rate in Shanghai is close to the four major cities in the world, but the service quality and coverage of the Internet are low. The per capita subway kilometers are low, and they are concentrated in the central city, and the density of the peripheral parts of the city is low. Shanghai should vigorously improve the service quality of public services, especially the Internet, and realize the city-wide coverage of wireless networks. Residents rely on computers, mobile phones, ipad and other mobile terminals to query the location and berth information of shopping malls, hospitals and tourist attractions in real time, effectively alleviating the influx and detention of a large number of passengers, avoiding entering areas where passengers are concentrated, and promoting smart travel.

Third, diversify supply and improve supply quality. New york ranks first in the guarantee of livable educational resources, and the proportion of education expenditure to financial expenditure is twice that of Shanghai. The main body of higher education funds in the United States, Japan, Europe and other regions and countries comes from the government. ① Increase the financial expenditure of Shanghai's education funds, especially higher education funds. (2) increase the proportion of private sharing of higher education funds. ③ Broaden the sources of funds. ④ Encourage social donation. ⑤ Develop education export and increase the proportion of international students. There is little difference between Shanghai and the four global cities in terms of higher education acquisition indicators reflecting education equity and class mobility, but it lags far behind the four global cities in terms of education quality. Shanghai's higher education lacks the advantage of internationalization. Although two universities in Shanghai rank among the top 200 universities in the world, the overall education level of other universities is far from the world level.

Shanghai must actively cultivate and allocate universities and scientific research institutions with international standards, introduce international high-end talents, improve the international gathering ability and allocation ability of Shanghai's high-end talents and educational resources, and enhance Shanghai's international education influence. The proportion of medical expenditure in Shanghai's financial expenditure is far lower than that of benchmark global cities, indicating that public medical investment is insufficient. On the basis of increasing the proportion of public medical expenditure, Shanghai encourages the development of high-quality private hospitals, and encourages doctors to provide more services and increase the supply of medical services in various ways on the premise of ensuring the quality of medical work. At the same time, Shanghai should take advantage of the opportunity of the Pilot Free Trade Zone to introduce foreign high-quality medical resources, introduce first-class hospitals in developed countries, increase medical supply, improve medical quality and optimize the allocation of medical resources.

Fourth, build an international cultural community and accelerate the integration of production and city. Shanghai public libraries are large in scale and few in number, which cannot meet the reading needs of residents in different communities, especially the elderly. Drawing lessons from the experience of large number, small scale and balanced distribution of libraries in four major cities in the world, Shanghai should establish small community libraries on the basis of the original large libraries to meet the needs of residents for convenient reading. In terms of cultural harmony such as the number of international tourists and the number of international students, Shanghai lags far behind the average level of global cities.

In view of Shanghai's lack of international cultural attraction, Shanghai should give full play to the eclectic characteristics of Shanghai-style culture and actively allocate multicultural resources. Strengthen cultural diversity to enhance the cultural attraction of global cities, promote the construction of an international vibrant capital and attract more international tourists. Both new york and London have internationally influential international residential communities, among which Chinatown and Jewish settlements are the most typical. They have not only become brand tourist attractions in new york, but also become the birthplace of multicultural innovation in new york. Shanghai needs to build a number of international communities with distinctive cultural characteristics, build infrastructure to attract foreign talents and enhance the charm of the city. In terms of basic living conditions, Shanghai and Tokyo are comparable, but compared with new york, London and Paris, it is only about half of its level, and there is a certain gap and room for improvement.

In 2050, the urban population of Shanghai will further increase, and it is urgent to solve the housing demand. It is necessary to update the existing urban built-up areas and realize the transformation of high-density housing in specific areas to adapt to the future population growth. In order to solve the traffic bottleneck problem, save residents' commuting time, housing and working space are adjacent, realize the integrated development of production and city, and build a livable community that meets the comprehensive needs of residents and has a compact living and working space. At the same time, in view of the aging trend of Shanghai's population, the future housing supply should pay attention to the residents' demand for different types of housing.

Finally, guide the public to participate in environmental governance and promote sustainable development. In terms of livable environmental resources, Shanghai is one-third of the average level of benchmark cities, and there is a lot of room for catching up. ① Strengthen and improve the legal system and implement it effectively. Individuals, enterprises and institutions should bear legal responsibility for the negative impact on the environment caused by themselves, so that they can't and dare not produce behaviors that have a negative impact on the environment. ② Strengthen administrative management and promote public participation. ③ Introducing ecological tax to improve environmental quality, supporting the construction of new energy projects, reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality; Encourage public transportation to realize convenient conversion and seamless connection of traffic nodes; Restrict the use of private cars, improve the efficiency of public transportation, and build public roads and blocks for walking and cycling.