Reasons for the First Great Migration in China's History

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In the long history of more than two thousand years, population migration of different scales has never stopped. There are many reasons for population movement, such as forced migration organized by the government, officials taking their families to settle down, spontaneous migration caused by natural and man-made disasters, etc. The last one is more common. Every major political change in the Central Plains in history will lead to a large-scale migration of population to the south. The three largest refugee waves occurred in the turbulent periods such as the Eight Kings Rebellion and Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the War in the Late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and the Jingkang Rebellion in the Northern Song Dynasty.

After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan made all the children of the Sima family king, sharing taxes, and some of them even commanded the Central Army. Jin Huidi, the heir of Emperor Wu, is an idiot. The struggle for power and profit between the Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager led to a scuffle among the eight emperors (Wang Runan Liang, Wei, Zhao, Changsha Wangwa, Hejian Wang, Yue and Chengdu) for the throne, which was 16 (AD 29 1-306). This gave ethnic minorities the opportunity to invade the Central Plains. In the fifth year of Yongjia (AD 365,438+065,438+0), the Xiongnu captured Luoyang, captured Emperor Huai, burned and killed soldiers, killed more than 30,000 nobles and gentry, crossed the Jin Dynasty to the south, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished, which is called "Yongjia Rebellion" in history. Under the double oppression of class and nationality, the people of the Central Plains crossed the Huaihe River to the south, resulting in the first large-scale population migration in the history of China. With the establishment of the Eastern Jin regime in the south, the population of the north migrated to the south on a larger scale. By the early years of Liu and Song Dynasties, the population had reached nearly 300,000, reaching more than 900,000, accounting for 1/6 of the total population in the south at that time. A large number of refugees poured into Bashu area, and a large number of Bashu indigenous people fled to Jing and Xiang areas. "There are more than 100,000 refugees in Jingzhou", which has injected new vitality into the south, promoted the transformation of extensive agricultural production mode of "boiling water" in the south of the Yangtze River to intensive agricultural production mode, and improved grain output and land utilization rate.