Wu Dacheng's life story

1867 (six years of Tongzhi) Jinshi, awarded editorial review. Learn politics for Shaanxi and Gansu. 1877 (the third year of Guangxu) went to Shanxiang and Shanxiang for relief, and visited the disaster area, which was sponsored by Zuo and Zuo. The following year, he was awarded Hebei Road. 1880 (6th year of Guangxu), he was given the title of Sanpin Qing, and handled the border affairs of Ningguta, Samsung and Hunchun with Ming 'an of Jilin General. The following year, he was awarded the title of Taipu Temple Minister. In April of that year, Wu Dayou went to Jilin with Ming 'an to help handle all matters, and was immediately changed to "supervising". He arrived in Kyrgyzstan in June, that is, he discussed defense matters with Ming 'an in Jilin General, and made many achievements in reorganizing the army, guarding and consolidating the border.

Wu Dacheng and Jilin General Ming 'an set up border guards in Jilin. Change the original Eight Banners soldiers, abolish the hereditary system and change to the recruitment system. * * * Establish a 5000-strong defense force in 13 battalion. The following year, the number of defense troops increased to 9000, which was later collectively called Jingbian Army. After strict training, it has become a powerful force. In Hunchun, the East-West Fort was built. In order to prevent Russia from invading from the water, Tumen River and Songhua River Naval Battalion were also established. At the same time, the General Administration of Land Reclamation was established to implement the policy of border consolidation. After on-the-spot investigation, he decided to set up Hunchun Reclamation Bureau with Hunchun and Sanchakou as reclamation centers, with Wudaogou and Nangang sub-bureaus. The scope of reclamation is wide and many preferential policies have been stipulated. At the end of 1880, in order to provide convenience for reclamation, business travel and the army, a 600-mile-long avenue and a north-south route from Ningguta to the capital of Jilin Province were built, and more than 100 wooden bridges were built. At the same time, many post stations have been added to strengthen the border defense forces.

1883 (the ninth year of Guangxu), France expanded from Viet Nam to China and was ordered to run Beiyang military affairs. 1884, moved to the left vice capital. Imperial edict to North Korea to deal with the Shen Jia incident and resist Japanese aggression against North Korea. 1885 (11th year of Guangxu) On June 8th, Wu Dacheng and Iktangga, deputy commander-in-chief of Hunchun, re-measured the boundary of the Eastern Line. After repeated argumentation by Wu Dacheng and Iktangga, they finally reached an agreement. On June1886 65438+1October 12, the Sino-Russian Hunchun East Border Agreement and the Sino-Russian Border Highway Demarcation Book were formally signed. Including the addition of "earth" plate, the addition of "pull", "scatter" and "horse" jiepai and one to eighteen marks; Take back the black top; We won the navigation right of the Tumen River estuary, thus defending the sacred territory of the motherland. The Dragon and Tiger Stone Carvings and Pentagonal Monument Pavilion, which stand in the urban area of Hunchun with the architectural style of Qing Dynasty, were established by the people of Hunchun to commemorate the victory of patriotic minister Wu Daxiao in the negotiations. The front of the stone carving is engraved with the word "Dragon and Tiger" and the lower left is engraved with "Wu Dacheng's book". The font is smooth and magnificent. During the negotiation, Wu Dayou wrote the words "dragon" and "tiger" many times, expressing his fearless patriotic spirit of "waiting for the dragon". 1886, he served as the chief representative of China, and held demarcation negotiations with Russia in Yanchi River-Hunchun. He argued with the Russian representative, recovered more than 100 miles of territory illegally occupied by Russia, and corrected the word "earth" in jiepai. Won the navigation rights of China ships at the mouth of Tumen River.

1887 (13th year of Guangxu reign) was transferred to the governor of Guangdong province to fight against the Portuguese invasion of Macao and seven villages in Xiangshan. Wu Dacheng made a careful plan for the plugging project and took appropriate measures. For officials at work, the division of labor is clear and strict. He swore that if he couldn't finish the work within the time limit, he would also die in the line of duty. All the workers were in awe, so they stopped it day and night and closed the dragon in that year1February (1888). This project saves more than 600,000 yuan compared with the appropriation bank. When Wu Dayou was the river chief, he attached great importance to dangerous workers in Zhengzhou, Zhongmou and Kaifeng. He said: The stone dike at the top of the Dawang Temple in Zhongtoubao, the herringbone dam and Tuotou dam in Babao (in Zhongmou), the Shuner dam in Xia 'an Hall and the Gai dam in Jiubao (in Kaifeng) are all very important, and they are the gateway to the provincial capital. He advocated building dams and strengthening projects with cement masonry, which was the beginning of repairing projects with cement on the Yellow River.

1885 (in the 11th year of Guangxu), he called for a new method to survey the Yellow River, and measured the river length 102 1 km from Jindouguan (now Lingbaojing) in Ganxiang County, Henan Province to Haikou, tiemenguan, Lijin, Shandong Province. The following year, the map was completed and browsed by Emperor Guangxu, and it was named "Full Map of the Yellow River in Three Provinces".

After the completion of Zhengzhou Shibao Project, due to the southward trend of the river, it will collapse on the embankment. Wu Dacheng sized up the situation and built a stone dam in front of the old beach in Yingze Babao (now around Helixia River in Zhengzhou). When it was finished, a stone tablet was erected. The inscription reads: "The old beach is hard, but it is slipping day by day and the dike is gradually collapsing. Today, I will build a dam to protect this ancient beach. If you don't go to the beach, the embankment is not simple. It is better to keep the beach. " This paper expounds his thought of consolidating beaches and protecting dikes and managing rivers.

After Wu Dayou succeeded in harnessing the river, he was actually awarded the river chief and a top hat. 1894 (the twentieth year of Guangxu), the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and Wu Dacheng was then the governor of Hunan and invited him to join the army. 15, 17 in August, even telegraphed "Please command the Xiang army to bid war in the DPRK". Soon, he was allowed by the Qing court to "go north with courage." Xuan was appointed as the Deputy Military Envoy of the Eastern Expedition.

1895 (in the 21st year of Guangxu) 65438+ 10, Wu Dacheng led more than 20 battalions of the new and old Xiang Army out of the customs and arrived at Tianzhuangtai on 1 1 February. On February 2 1 day, Wu Dacheng joined forces with Heilongjiang generals Iktangga, Jilin General Changshun and Song Qing to launch the fourth counterattack against Haicheng. At that time, there were more than 100 battalions and more than 30 thousand people in the Qing army near Haicheng. Although there are many troops, due to the complex system, there are Xiang Army, Chu Army, Huai Army and Northeast Army, which are not subordinate to each other and lack unified command. Wu Dacheng nominally assisted military affairs, but he could not command the whole army. Most generals will "support the troops according to the key points and wait and see, but at first glance they can't win a decisive victory." Wu Dayou's men had only two dozen battalions, and most of the generals of Xiang in Shanhaiguan pass led by him were incompetent and greedy. When dispatched, "it's too late to die." Liu Shuyuan, the leader of the pro-army, "chickened out" when facing the enemy, and Wu Yuankai, the leader of the artillery team, "retreated at the same speed" when he heard the situation. Wu Dacheng underestimated the enemy and lacked serious arrangements for the overall situation of the war. Just as Wu Dacheng and others concentrated their forces on attacking Haicheng, the Japanese army took advantage of the weakness of the Qing army and adopted the containment tactics of "pretending to attack Liaoyang and taking Niuzhuang". On March 3rd, the 3rd and 5th Divisions were sent to attack Niuzhuang. Wu Dacheng and others failed to see through the Japanese plot, ignored Niuzhuang and laid siege to Haicheng with all their strength. Due to the emptiness of Niuzhuang's defense, it was captured by the Japanese in one day. On the day when Niuzhuang fell, Wu Dacheng rushed from Tianzhuangtai to Shishan Station. "After repeated battles and defeats along the way, the situation has collapsed." After Wu Dayou retreated from Shishan Station, Song Qing defended Yingkou's main force and retreated to Tianzhuangtai, which led to the emptiness of Yingkou's troops. On March 7, the Japanese army easily captured Yingkou, and Tianzhuangtai was subsequently captured. Tianzhuangtai fell, "the Xiang army was defeated, and there were too many casualties, which made people depressed." Wu Dacheng was very angry with Xiang, and wanted to draw his sword and commit suicide, but he was blocked by the left and right. But he sighed and said, "I can't beat the army. Please discuss it." /kloc-in March of 0/7, the Qing court ordered Wu Dacheng to be relieved of his deputy military post and handed it over to the Ministry for discussion. Revoke one's post, stay in office, and find a job. 1898 (twenty-four years of Guangxu) was dismissed by decree and was no longer used.

1902 (the 28th year of Guangxu), Wu Dacheng died at the age of 68.