What are the security departments in the United States?

Three major security departments in the United States

Department of homeland security.

Date of establishment: 2002165438+1October 25th.

Operation date: June 5th, 2003 to1October 4th.

Minister: Michael chertoff

Deputy Minister: Michael Jackson

Budget: $36.5 billion (2004)

Number of employees: 184000(2005)

Department of Homeland Security

Main institutions

Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security (US Immigration and Customs Enforcement)

Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security (Department of Transportation Security)

Director of US Customs and Border Service

Director of United States citizenship and immigration

Director united states secret service.

Director of Federal Law Enforcement Training Center

Commander of the U.S. Coast Guard (handed over to the U.S. Navy Department under the U.S. Department of Defense in wartime)

After the reorganization on March 1 2004, the Ministry of Homeland Security established the National Accident Management System (NIMS). Objective To provide consistent national assistance to three administrative regions (federal, state and local) in the United States. A few months later, the National Response Plan (NRP) was established with NIMS as the template, with the purpose of adjusting the original coordination structure of federal government departments and providing unified all-weather local accident management.

In 2002, US President George W. Bush signed the Homeland Security Act of 2002 at the White House on125, and announced the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security. The establishment of the Department of Homeland Security is the largest government reorganization in the United States since the establishment of the 1947 Department of Defense, involving the following 23 former government agencies:

1. Transfer to Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection Division.

—— National Infrastructure Protection Center (formerly Federal Bureau of Investigation)

-National Communications System Bureau (former Ministry of Defence)

-Ensuring the Office of Critical Infrastructure (formerly under the Ministry of Commerce)

-Computer Security Branch (formerly National Institute of Standards and Technology)

—— National Infrastructure Modeling and Analysis Center (formerly under the Ministry of Energy)

-Federal Computer Accident Response Center (formerly General Administration)

2. Transfer to the Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Division.

—— Civil Biochemical Protection Research and Planning Bureau (formerly under the Ministry of Health and Human Services)

Lawrence? Livermore National Laboratory (Part) (former Department of Energy)

-National Biological Weapons Defense Analysis Center (newly established)

-Plum Island Animal Disease Center (former Ministry of Agriculture)

3. Transfer to the Border and Transportation Security Service.

-General Administration of Customs (former Ministry of Finance)

-Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization (former Ministry of Justice)

—— Animal and Plant Health Inspection Bureau (formerly Ministry of Agriculture)

-Coast Guard (former Ministry of Communications)

-Federal Protection Agency (formerly General Administration)

—— Transportation Safety Administration (formerly the Ministry of Transport)

4. Transfer to Emergency Preparedness and Response Division

-Federal Emergency Management Agency (independent)

-Family Crisis Support Group (formerly under the Ministry of Justice)

-The Office of Domestic Combat Readiness (formerly under the Ministry of Justice)

-National Civil War Preparedness Office (former FBI)

-Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Health Crisis Prevention (formerly under the Ministry of Health and Human Services)

-National Strategic Reserve Bureau (formerly under the Ministry of Health and Human Services)

Step 5 transfer to an independent agency

-Secret Service (former Ministry of Finance)

Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A) (Sydney, alias double-faced female spy, is a CIA agent).

1947, in order to prevent the Pearl Harbor tragedy from happening again, President Truman decided to set up a special non-military intelligence agency on the basis of the Office of Strategic Services. In the same year, after President Truman signed the National Security Law, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was born. The original intention of the CIA was to deal with the increasingly complex "intelligence war" from the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. Therefore, the scope of responsibility of the CIA at the beginning of its establishment was much smaller than today, and it was very complicated. At that time, the CIA was responsible for intelligence gathering outside the United States, anti-espionage work in the United States, and secret training for global anti-* * forces. Moreover, it is very important that the CIA was funded by the Department of Defense at that time, rather than being affected by the funding of the Senate and House Appropriations Committees as an independent institution. So at that time, many secret actions of the CIA were unknown, and they were not questioned and listened to by the armed forces committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.) (X Fox Mott and sculli in the X file are FBI agents).

F.B.I is the most powerful federal law enforcement and investigation department in the United States in the 20th century. No other law enforcement agency is as powerful as the United States. From the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) continued to expand its scale, and its law enforcement and investigation authority also expanded. Even the director of the FBI seems to report the national security situation to the president every day, instead of the president's national security assistant. Of course, this also has certain historical background factors. At that time, the former Soviet Union was in full swing, the cold war between the East and the West was grim, the national security of the United States was greatly threatened, the activities of foreign intelligence forces in the United States were increasingly rampant, and the former Soviet Union actively developed anti-American forces in various turbulent regions of the world. Therefore, in such a specific historical environment, F.B.I has achieved unprecedented development, and is fully responsible for maintaining national security and preventing organized terrorist activities internally; Externally, actively assist the U.S. Military Intelligence Agency (M.I.A, the U.S. Department of Defense) and the Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A, the Central Intelligence Agency) in preventing and cracking down on all intelligence and military activities that may endanger U.S. national security (terrorism was not so rampant at that time).

Hoover can't be ignored in the development of the FBI. Hoover is the infamous head of the FBI. It is said that only he and several early senior FBI agents knew the truth about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The old professor who taught me modern American history (a famous Fulbright scholar in the United States) even concluded that Hoover was involved in planning the assassination of Kennedy. Of course, no one can know the truth now. But then again, if it weren't for Hoover, the FBI wouldn't have developed like this, and he also had some credit.

Moreover, during Hoover's tenure, he set up the famous J.A.T (Joint Counter-Terrorism Group) in the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, which was responsible for the domestic counter-terrorism tasks in the 1960s. Actually, I think the fictional C.T.U inherits the real J.A.T style to some extent. Because J.A.T doesn't have branch headquarters in every state like other FBI agencies, but has 12 Divison in Miami, Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, Seattle, Minneapolis, Springfield, Chicago, new york and Washington, and each branch has a unit similar to CTU in Los Angeles. This administrative management model is very similar to the operation of the fictional CTU within 24 hours.

In the mid-1980s, with the gradual decline of the former Soviet Union, under the joint proposal of Senator Jeffrey Buckingham, Democrat of Alabama, and Senator Josh Wolfe, Democrat of Oregon, the United States Senate approved and finally passed the 17th Amendment (Counterintelligence and Military Action Clearance Act). Since then, F.B.I has lost its authority to investigate military intelligence activities outside the territory of the United States and can only send observers to participate. After the September 2006110 attack, Bush instigated the establishment of the US Department of Homeland Security, which further weakened the law enforcement authority of the FBI to some extent, but its investigation authority was strengthened, and the FBI remained one of the most important swords for the United States to safeguard national security.

The headquarters of the FBI has a strategic information and action command center (S.I.O.C.), and any major investigation activities that the FBI participates in are directly directed by this center. The core task described by the FBI is: "... to protect and defend the United States from the threat of terrorism and foreign intelligence, and to enforce the US criminal law. America. " Protect and prevent the United States from being threatened by terrorism and foreign intelligence activities, and enforce the rights granted by the criminal law of the United States. In fact, this description is very vague. In detail, F.B.I's current responsibilities are as follows: First, investigate major criminal offences in various states in the United States; Second, the crime occurred within the jurisdiction of the government administrative power or involved government officials. For example, in June 2003, a gun battle took place in the headquarters building of the US Department of Energy in Vilmont, which was in the charge of F.B.I., and the local police's S.W.A.T and state police had no right to intervene. Only F.B.I.' s own S.O. local police could only assist F.B.I.; By blocking roads outside the government office building area; Third, F.B.I has the right to intervene in all foreign intelligence operations or other serious crimes (including business espionage, activities of foreign intelligence personnel, computer network attacks, biochemical virus attacks, etc.). Endangering the security of the United States and overseas countries is also one of the most important and core tasks of the FBI at present; It should be pointed out that when the threat of biochemical virus attack is released, the Department of Homeland Security will lead the investigation, and F.B.I will only assist; Fourth, in view of the terrorist attacks on important facilities related to the national economic lifeline of the United States (such as oil refineries, conventional energy power plants, nuclear power plants, research facilities of federal agencies, etc.). ), F.B.I needs to assist the US Department of Homeland Security to carry out investigation activities, and the Department of Homeland Security will take the lead in the investigation.