Materials on Qian Xuesen's deeds

Qian Xuesen is an outstanding scientist who enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, the founder of China's space industry, and one of the winners of the China Medal for Two Bombs and One Satellite. The following is the story of Qian Xuesen that I shared with you. Welcome to read and learn.

Qian Xuesen's life

Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He studied in the Middle School Attached to Beijing Normal University and Jiaotong University in his early years. In the summer of 1934, he graduated from Jiaotong University and was admitted to study abroad in Tsinghua University at public expense.

One day in August, 1935, Qian Xuesen left the motherland from Shanghai on a ship of American Mail Company. The muddy waves of Huangpu River rolled and looked at the gradually blurred Shanghai City. Qian Xuesen silently said in his heart, "Goodbye, motherland. Now that you are in power, you are in chaos. I will go to the United States to study technology and come back one day to help you revive. "

Qian Xuesen went to the United States to enter the aviation department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and his academic performance has always been among the best. Studying engineering had to be practiced in factories, but at that time, American aviation factories discriminated against China people, so a year later he began to study aviation engineering theory, that is, applied mechanics. In October 1936, he transferred to California Institute of Technology.

Qian Xuesen came here with admiration. Because, located in Pasadena, a suburb of Los Angeles, there is a famous professor of aerodynamics, Feng? Carmen, she's Hungarian. But later, Qian Lao himself may not have thought that he could become Feng? Professor Carmen's apprentice, and become one of the best, promoted to his best assistant.

in the early 193s, aviation science was still in its infancy. Feng? Carmen was a top figure in this field at that time, and was later known as "the father of supersonic flight". In 197, a crater on the moon was named after him.

feng? Carmen looked up at the solemn and short young man carefully. He asked several questions for Qian Xuesen to answer. Qian Xuesen answered all his questions with a little thought. Feng? Carmen secretly praised: The China people's thinking is quick and full of wisdom. He happily accepted the student. In early 1945, Qian Xuesen became Feng? Member of the air force scientific advisory group headed by Carmen. After Germany surrendered, he went to Europe to inspect aviation and rocket technology with the investigation team of the regiment. In early 1947, 36-year-old Qian Xuesen became a full professor at MIT. During the monitoring period, he still did not give up academic research except teaching. In 1953, he published "Taking off from Earth Satellite Orbit", which laid the foundation for low-thrust flight mechanics, and in 1954, he published the book "Engineering Cybernetics". Before returning to China in 1955, he asked Feng? When Carmen said goodbye, Feng? Carmen said excitedly, "You have surpassed me academically now!" "

Qian Xuesen became Feng? A graduate student at the Guggenheim Aviation Laboratory led by Carmen. This laboratory later became the cradle of American rocket technology, and Qian Xuesen was one of the first three members to conduct rocket technology research here. From 1929 to 1934, he studied in department of mechanical engineering, Jiaotong University. After graduation, he applied for public expense students studying in the United States in Tsinghua University. After admission, he worked as an intern at Jianqiao Airport in Hangzhou. From 1935 to 1939, he studied in the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and obtained a master's degree. From 1936 to 1939, he studied in the Department of Aviation and Mathematics of California Institute of Technology, USA, and received his doctorate. From 1939 to 1943, he was a researcher in the Aviation Department of California Institute of Technology. From 1943 to 1945, he served as an assistant professor in the Department of Aeronautics, California Institute of Technology (during which: from 194 to 1945, he was a communication researcher at Chengdu Institute of Aeronautics, Sichuan). From 1945 to 1946, he was an associate professor in the Aviation Department of California Institute of Technology. From 1946 to 1949, he was an associate professor and professor of aerodynamics in the Department of Aeronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1949 to 1955, he was the director and professor of the Jet Propulsion Center of California Institute of Technology. Married Jiang Ying in 1947.

returned to China in 1955. From 1955 to 1964, he served as director and researcher of the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense. From 1965 to 197, he served as Deputy Minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry. From 197 to 1982, he served as deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology. He has also served as the first and second directors of China Automation Society, honorary presidents of China Aerospace Society, chinese society of theoretical and applied mechanics and China Systems Engineering Society, executive director of the Presidium of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and member of the Department of Mathematical Physics. From 1986 to May 1991, he served as Chairman of the Third National Committee of China Association for Science and Technology. In May 1991, he was elected honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology at the Fourth National Congress. In April 1992, he was appointed honorary chairman of the Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In June 1994, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.

Qian Xuesen is an alternate member of the 9th to 12th CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the 6th, 7th and 8th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Qian Xuesen is a pioneer and outstanding representative of China's space science and technology, and is known as "the father of China's space flight", "the father of China's missiles" and "the king of rockets". During my study and research in the United States, I cooperated with others to complete the Review and Preliminary Analysis of Long-range Rockets, which laid the theoretical foundation for surface-to-surface missiles and sounding rockets. The hypersonic flow theory put forward with others laid the foundation for the development of aerodynamics. At the beginning of 1956, the "Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry" was submitted to the Central Committee and the State Council. In the same year, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, based on his suggestion, set up leading institutions for missile and aviation scientific research? Aviation Industry Committee, and was appointed as a member. In 1956, he was ordered to set up the first rocket and missile research institute in China? The Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense served as the first president. He presided over the completion of the "establishment of jet and rocket technology" plan, participated in the development of short-range missiles, medium-short-range missiles and China's first artificial earth satellite, directly led the "two-bomb combination" test of carrying atomic bombs with medium-short-range missiles, participated in the formulation of the "two-bomb combination" test of carrying atomic bombs with short-range missiles in China, participated in the formulation of the development plan of China's first interstellar aviation, and developed and established engineering cybernetics and systematics. He has made pioneering contributions in the fields of aerodynamics, aviation engineering, jet propulsion, engineering cybernetics, physical mechanics and other technical sciences. He is the founder and advocate of the theory and application research of modern mechanics and systems engineering in China.

In his early years, he did pioneering work in many fields of applied mechanics and rocket and missile technology. Many theories put forward by independent research and cooperative research with von Carmen have laid the foundation for the development of applied mechanics, aviation engineering and rocket and missile technology. After returning to China, he served as a technical leader in rocket, missile and satellite development for a long time and made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of China's missile and space undertakings. He has done creative research in many theoretical fields, such as engineering cybernetics, systems engineering and systems science, thinking science and human science, and Marxist philosophy, and made great contributions. In 1956, he won the first prize of the Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences, and the special prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 1985. In 1991, he was awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and was awarded the first-class English model medal as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

in 1957, he won the first prize of natural science of China Academy of Sciences. In 1979, he was awarded the Outstanding Alumni Award of California Institute of Technology. In 1985, he won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress. In 1989, he was awarded the "Little Rockwell Medal", "World-class Science and Technology and Engineering Celebrity" and the title of honorary member of the International Institute of Technology. In October 1991, he was awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. In January 1995, he was awarded the "1994 ho leung ho lee foundation Excellence Award". In 1999, the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission decided to award him the "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal". In October 26, he won the "5 highest honor awards for China's space industry, two bombs and one star".

He is the author of Engineering Cybernetics, On System Engineering, Introduction to Interstellar Navigation, etc.

The study and research work is very tense. Qian Xuesen works more than ten hours every day, reading for half a day, discussing for half a day, and continuing to struggle at night. Three years later, he received a doctorate with honors and stayed in school to teach, becoming Feng? Carmen's right-hand man. During this period, he not only mastered the basic knowledge of aerodynamics, but also stood at the forefront of this science. In 1939, he studied the aviation structure, and it took only one year to make a breakthrough.

In his second year at Caltech, Qian Xuesen met his classmate F? J? Marina. Introduced by Marina, Qian Xuesen participated in the Marxism-Leninism study group of California Institute of Technology at that time, and got to know Weinbaum, the secretary of the group and assistant researcher of chemical physics. In the group, Qian Xuesen studied Engels' Anti-Turin Theory with everyone; Current affairs are often discussed at the weekly meeting. In the winter of 1938, after the outbreak of World War II, this group was dissolved.

However, China's just request was unreasonably rejected by the US. On July 21, the Geneva conference closed. In order not to interrupt the communication channel, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan and the US to hold consular talks in Geneva from July 22nd. To further show China's sincerity in the Sino-US talks, China released four detained American pilots.

On July 25th, 1955, the Chinese Foreign Ministry set up a steering group for Sino-US talks, which was directly led by Zhou Enlai. On August 1, the Sino-US talks were upgraded from the consular level to the ambassadorial level.

Wang Bingnan reveals Qian Xuesen's letter

China's high-profile attitude is ultimately aimed at getting Qian Xuesen and other scientists studying in the United States to return home as soon as possible. But on this key issue, Americans cheated. Despite more than 1 contacts between China and the United States, Johnson, the representative of the United States, insisted that China could not give the real reason why Qian Xuesen wanted to return to China.

Just as Zhou Enlai was very anxious about this, Chen Shutong, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress, received a letter from the other side of the ocean. He opened it and signed it "Qian Xuesen". He couldn't help but feel a shock. He finished reading the letter quickly. The content of the letter was originally to ask the motherland government to help him return to China.

This letter was sent to Vice Chairman Chen Shutong by Qian Xuesen in a letter written on a small cigarette paper and sent to his relatives in Belgium. For such an unusual overseas letter, Chen Shutong knew its weight and sent it to Zhou on the same day. "This is really great, and it can completely refute the lies of the US government!" Zhou Enlai immediately made careful arrangements, told the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to hand over the letter to Wang Bingnan, who was holding ambassadorial talks between China and the United States, and instructed Wang Bingnan: "This letter is very valuable. This is irrefutable evidence that the American authorities are still preventing China civilians from returning home. You should use this letter to expose their lies during the negotiations. "

At the beginning of the ambassadorial talks between China and the United States on August 1st, Wang Bingnan took the lead in saying to Johnson, "Mr. Ambassador, before we start the discussion, I have been instructed to inform you of the following news: on July 31st, the China government decided to release 11 American pilots, including Arnold Wei, in advance according to the legal procedures in China. They left Beijing on July 31st and are expected to arrive in Hong Kong on August 4th. I hope that this measure taken by the China government will have a positive impact on our talks. " When it comes to Qian Xuesen's return to China, Johnson still repeats the same old tune: "There is no evidence that Qian Xuesen will return to China, and the US government cannot force orders!" Therefore, Wang Bingnan flashed Qian Xuesen's letter to Chen Shutong and confidently refuted it: "Since the American government issued an announcement in April 1955, allowing scholars studying in the United States to come and go freely, why did Dr. Qian Xuesen, a scientist from China, write to the China government in June asking for help? Obviously, China scholars' request to return to China is still blocked. " Johnson was speechless in the face of facts. The American government had to approve Qian Xuesen's request to return to China. On August 4, 1955, Qian Xuesen received a notice from the US Immigration Bureau allowing him to return to China.

On September 17th, 1955, Qian Xuesen's dream of returning to China was realized! On this day, Qian Xuesen, with his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, finally boarded the ship "President Cleveland" and embarked on a journey back to the motherland.

Due to Qian Xuesen's return to China, the launch of missiles and atomic bombs in China has been advanced for at least 2 years.

Qian Xuesen's main achievements

Summary

After returning to China in October 1955, he joined the China * * * Production Party in 1959. He used to be the director of the Institute of Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the deputy director of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, the deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and the honorary chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology.

Qian Xuesen put forward an extremely important implementation plan for the development of rocket and missile technology in China. Since April 1958, he has been a technical leader in the development of rockets, missiles and spacecraft for a long time, and has made great contributions to the development of China's rockets, missiles and space industry. Qian Xuesen used to be Vice Chairman Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences, honorary chairman of China Aerospace Society and chairman of China Association for Science and Technology. In October 1991, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal.

Founder of China's space industry

In 1965, Qian Xuesen formally submitted a report and plan to the state, suggesting that the research plan of artificial satellites should be included in the national task. Qian Xuesen contributed wisdom to the solution of many key technical problems in the implementation of the satellite development plan.

Qian Xuesen has made great contributions to science and technology in many aspects. With his rich knowledge in the fields of general, power, guidance, aerodynamics, structure, computer and quality control, he has played a great role in organizing and leading the research and development of rockets, missiles and spacecraft in New China, and made outstanding contributions to the rapid development of rockets, missiles and aerospace in China.

Qian Xuesen has been the technical leader of China's rocket and space program for a long time, and has made great and pioneering contributions to space technology, system science and system engineering. Qian Xuesen published 7 monographs and more than 3 papers. The main contributions are as follows:

① applied mechanics

Qian Xuesen has done pioneering work in aerodynamics and solid mechanics of applied mechanics. With feng? Carmen's cooperative research on compressible boundary layer reveals some temperature changes in this field and founded Carmen? Qian Xuesen method. In cooperation with Guo Yonghuai, the concept of upper and lower critical Mach numbers was first introduced into transonic flow.

② Jet Propulsion and Aerospace Technology

From the 194s to the early 196s, Qian Xuesen put forward some important concepts in the field of rockets and aerospace: in the 4s, he put forward and realized the rocket-assisted takeoff device (JATO), which shortened the runway distance; In 1949, the concept of rocket passenger plane and the idea of nuclear rocket were put forward. In 1953, the possibility of interplanetary flight theory was studied; In "Introduction to Interstellar Navigation" published in 1962, it was put forward that a large plane with a jet engine was used as the first-class vehicle and an aircraft with a rocket engine was used as the second-class vehicle for round-trip transportation between heaven and earth.