What far-reaching effects did Zheng He's voyages to the West in Yongle three years have on the world respectively?

What far-reaching effects did Zheng He's voyages to the West in Yongle three years have on the world respectively? Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas and his great geographical discoveries have played a positive role in promoting politics and metallurgy. In addition, he also "suspected that Hui Di (Emperor Wen Jian) died abroad and wanted to follow in his footsteps and show China's prosperity in foreign countries". In this case, before Zheng He, Judy sent troops to Guri, Malacca, Java and Sumatra.

He noticed: "What the international sky covers and what the Arctic says belongs to Dehua." In addition, the pursuit of the perfect "Mu Xiong Ying Baby" and the strengthening of export trade virtually decided that Judy would go international.

15 in the new century, the bourgeois revolution in European countries is in the primary stage, and the economic development has gained a huge development trend. With the development of social economy, western countries are eager to invest a lot of money in manufacturing to facilitate product reproduction. The Crusades and the travel of Kyle Polo made the merchants contact with new property and had a strong interest in the oriental wealth of China.

After the fall of Constantinople, the road traffic from Europe to Xiuzhen was blocked. Internationally, Europe urgently needs to solve the problem of developing the waterway leading to Xiuzhen. In China, the state has to rely on property funds to invest a lot of money, from which it has gained a lot of social and economic rights. The bourgeois revolution must maintain and expand its commercial service field in order to achieve the goal of accumulating capital quickly.

We covet each other's new commodity trading market and raw material producing area, and you hit it off. Driven by the requirements of all countries in the world, explorers from western countries pulled down the curtain of geographical discovery. In the history of the world, the theory of the earth circle is becoming more and more famous. China said in ancient times that "of course, the sun, the moon and the stars are floating in nothingness, and when they stop, they will be alive." Simply put, stars float in gas. This theory has many similarities with contemporary astronomy.

Huntian made clear the positions of the ecliptic, equator, South Pole and North Pole, and also clearly said: "The sky is like a chicken, and the earth is like yellow in a chicken." Zhao Youqin of the Yuan Dynasty further improved the earth circle and said, "The earth is in the sky, the sky is like a chicken, and the earth is yellow inside. But if the stars are extremely round, it is by analogy, not by analogy.

In the 6th year of the Tang Dynasty (7 18), the scientist Qutanstar revised the "Nine Zhi Li" of the Indian lunar calendar, in which the method of "deduction" refers to the radius of the shadow cast by the sun on the moon, thus explaining that the earth is a sphere. In addition, Jamalidin, a scientist in the Yuan Dynasty, presented Kublai Khan with seven astronomical instruments and equipment from Saibei in Yuan Shizu, including a globe. This kind of astronomy formed the theory of the earth circle and provided a theoretical source for Zheng He's voyage to the West.

In the 6th century AD, Pythagoras, an expert and scholar in ancient Greece, clearly put forward the theory of the earth circle. After two times, Aristotle discussed the definition of "Earth". After the Middle Ages in Europe, the theory of the earth circle was hindered and challenged by religious beliefs. During the Renaissance, with the popularization of social science, the theory of earth circle was generally accepted by social development. The geographical discoveries made by European explorers are actually useful practical direct evidence for the theory of the earth circle.

In fact, the improvement of marine technology specialty is very important for marine navigation. Zheng He's voyages to the West closely combined static data positioning with dynamic navigation bars, and opened up the most modern marine technology specialty in the new century 15. Static data positioning is divided into two parts: one is scene positioning. Taking the bay and the island as a single reference, the relative position of the ship is obtained.

According to "when the boat sees the size of seven mountains, it draws six or seven loads, uses Shen Kun and Ding Wei, and on the third night, the boat takes the beach mountain." In addition, Zheng He's fleet is "flat on Tantoushan Island, with a river reef in the east, the Great Foshan in the west, and Dongping in the west of the fort." According to the three-way cross positioning, the precise positioning management of the fleet is defined. Zheng He chose this way to clarify filial piety.

The other part carries out special astronomical positioning according to the star pulling plate. "There are twelve star boards, and the ebony is getting bigger every day. The largest one is more than seven inches long, and it is marked with fingers, two to twelve fingers, all of which are carefully carved. If nature is properly restricted." "There is also a hippopotamus tooth block, which is two inches long and lacks four corners. There are half fingers, half horns and triangles on it, and you can't tell the direction. The ruler is still covered with a moustache." According to the measurement of the height of the stars, "watch the sun and the moon rise and fall to distinguish things; How many stars, measure the distance ",

The dynamic navigation bar is mainly composed of sounding positioning software and needle track system. The former uses fine sand stuck at the bottom of the sounding line and its sounding hammer to infer the river water level and judge the turning point of navigation. The stitch system software distinguishes the heading direction according to the magnetism of the compass, marks the navigation by counting, and fully considers the factors such as wind force among engineers, sea surface velocity, etc., and adjusts the deviation between the specific trajectory and the planned navigation. Finally, "Counting the beginning and the end, counting the remaining differences, will be in its place."

Columbus inherited Zheng He's major in marine technology. He applied Zheng He's landscape positioning method and trident positioning method to navigation. In astronomy, Columbus improved the analysis of heavy astrolabe into quadrant, but its positioning accuracy was slightly lower than Zheng He's astrolabe.

Columbus's independent innovation is that he saw the geomagnetic field error on his second voyage and applied it to the inertial navigation of fishing boats. At the same time, he used the time difference between the total solar eclipse and the total lunar eclipse to calculate the longitude and latitude of the ship. Columbus's professional knowledge and working experience in ocean navigation promoted the trend of geographical discovery to develop in depth.

Japanese experts and scholars Murayama Festival and Jing Shangjing Cheng's book Deep Reflections on Eastern and Western Civilizations reveal the basic law of the reciprocal existence of Chinese and Western civilizations. According to this law, from the perspective of historical and cultural development trend, since 3600 AD, the subcontinent has experienced a civilization alternation every 1600 years, and Chinese and western civilizations have been in a cycle, showing a double helix DNA structure.

The key civilizations in western countries are the original Egyptian civilization (3600-2800 BC), Egyptian and Xia Chun civilization (2000- 1200 BC), Greek civilization-Roman civilization (400-400 BC), European civilization (kloc-0/200-2000 BC) and so on. Accordingly, the oriental civilizations in China include ancient Mesopotamia (2800-2000 BC), ancient Asian civilization (1200- 400 BC), Asian Far East civilization in the new century (5- 13 BC) and contemporary Asian civilization (2000-2800 BC). The overlapping development trend of the two has produced a perfect Eurasian historical time.

Zheng He's voyage to the West and the great geographical discovery are at the junction of the decline of civilization in the Far East and the rise of European civilization. Zheng He once speculated: "If you want the country to be rich and strong, you can't ignore the deep sea. Capital comes from the sea and risks come from the water. " This shows that he has a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges brought by the deep sea. The great geographical discovery greatly promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western culture, art and foreign economy and trade, stimulated the emergence of colonial rule and free trade zone realism, and established the rapid prosperity of Europe.

After Zheng He's voyage to the West, the government departments in Ming and Qing Dynasties ignored the necessity of ocean-going international ocean-going voyage and adopted the strategy of closing the country to avoid the world. The discovery of geography caused a chain reaction between the scientific and technological revolution and the imperialists. The first Opium War broke out more than 400 years ago. Western countries that admire sea power have defeated China East, where land power is above all else, and civilization has returned to the core of western countries in the new era.