Notes on the knowledge points of history in senior one.

High school has a large learning capacity, so it is necessary to master not only the current knowledge, but also the knowledge of high school and junior high school to learn well. In reading, attending classes, studying and summarizing, there are higher requirements than junior high school. My senior one channel has compiled a summary of important knowledge points in senior one history for students, hoping to help you!

Notes on the knowledge points of history in senior one.

Political system and laws in ancient Rome

Knowledge structure:

I. Political developments

1.*** and system

(1) aristocratic harmony system: it consists of three layers: the consul, the Senate and the citizens' assembly.

(2) Establish a tribune: supervise the government and safeguard the interests of civilians.

2. imperialism

(1) Fuehrer system: Octavian was founded in 27 BC.

(2) Monarchy: Diocletian in the 3rd century.

Second, the legal system

1 .12 copper table method

Background: The result of long-term struggle of civilians in the Republic of China.

Content: It is basically a compilation of customary law, which safeguards the interests of the nobility.

Evaluation: it did not bring much benefit to civilians, but it was still a victory for civilians; Nobles can no longer explain customary law as they used to; This is the basic law of Rome.

2. Justinian Civil Law Congress

Composition: Justinian Code, Justinian Law Introduction, Justinian Theory Compilation and Justinian New Thought, among which Justinian Code has the greatest influence.

Evaluation of Roman law: Roman law, which started with the Law of Twelve Bronze Tables and ended with the Law of Justinian People, is an ancient law with the richest content, the most perfect system and the widest influence on later generations.

Notes on the knowledge points of history in senior one.

# # # # Athens polis

Knowledge structure:

1. development course

Monarchy: lifelong system, hereditary system

Aristocracy: life tenure and election system of collective leadership.

Democracy: Solon's reform in the first 594 years put Athens politics on the track of democracy; Cristini's reform was established.

2. Features: people's sovereignty and taking turns to govern (through the establishment of a citizens' assembly, a 500-member parliament and a people's court to reflect its characteristics)

3. Evaluation: A series of democratic operation modes have been created, which is conducive to giving full play to people's subjective initiative and intelligence, and has accumulated valuable experience for the development of democratic politics in later generations. But it is only the democracy of male citizens, and immigrants, slaves, citizens of other countries and women do not enjoy democratic rights, which hinders the self-development ability of these members. It is not only the catalyst of great civilization, but also the inestimable violence machine of society.

Notes on the knowledge points of history in senior one.

Unit 1 China's Ancient Political System

I. enfeoffment system

Objective: To consolidate state power.

Contents: ① The objects of enfeoffment-royal family, heroes, and former nobles; (2) the obligation of the enfeoffment-obey Zhou Wang's orders, guard the territory, follow the battle, pay tribute and make pilgrimage. (3) the rights of the landowners-hereditary posts, setting up officials, establishing armed forces and collecting taxes.

Function: ① Strengthen the local jurisdiction of the Zhou Emperor. (2) expanding the ruling area and developing remote areas; (3) forming the overall political pattern of the Zhou royal family holding the moon; ④ Zhou became a powerful country that lasted for hundreds of years. However, the vassal States had considerable independence, which buried the hidden danger of separatism.

Second, the patriarchal clan system

Definition: Patriarchal clan system is a social system that maintains political hierarchy and consolidates rule according to the distance of paternal blood relationship.

Features: eldest son inheritance system

The relationship between patriarchal clan system and enfeoffment system: enfeoffment system and patriarchal clan system are two pillars of the political system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, both external and internal.

Influence: Patriarchal clan system ensures the monopoly and privileged position of nobles in politics, and is also conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

The characteristics of China's early political system: patriarchal clan system as the core, with a strong tribal color.

Third, the unification of Qin:

In 22 1 year BC, the Qin dynasty destroyed six countries, and Ying Zheng, king of Qin, established the first unified centralized feudal autocratic country in China.

Fourth, the formation of the centralized political system of the Qin Dynasty's absolutism.

Contents: ① Establish the title of "Emperor" and establish the emperor system. The political, economic and military power of the whole country is in the hands of the emperor, and the main officials from the central government to the local government are appointed and removed by the emperor.

(2) Set up a central official system with three officials and nine officials: prime minister-assisting the emperor to handle national political affairs; An ancient scholar-supervisory official; Qiu-in charge of national military affairs.

(3) The local county system is implemented: the county magistrate is a county magistrate, and the county magistrate is called a county magistrate or a county magistrate, all of which are directly appointed and removed by the emperor.

Influence: It consolidated national unity, promoted social stability and economic and cultural development, laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and played an important role in the formation of the Chinese nation.

Negative effects: Strengthening the oppression of the people will easily lead to tyranny and intensify class contradictions.

V. Measures to consolidate and unify the Qin Dynasty:

(1) Promulgate the Qin Law and unify the laws; Unified currency and weights and measures; (3) unified writing; (4) building equator and lingqu; ⑤ Building the Great Wall of Wan Li; Organize immigration.

The reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty was the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty.

Sixth, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strengthened centralization.

BACKGROUND: In the early Han Dynasty, the county and country were in parallel, and the kingdom problem appeared.

Measures: Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty put down the "Seven-country Rebellion"; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued a promotion decree.

Function: solved the problem of kingdom, strengthened centralization, and consolidated and developed the situation of great unity.

From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, there was a separatist situation in the buffer regions.

Seven, the strengthening of centralization in the early Song Dynasty

Measures: ① militarily: drink a glass of wine to relieve the military power, and relieve the military power of North Korean generals and local envoys; Strengthen the imperial army, strong and weak. (2) Administratively, civil servants are appointed as local governors; The Chief Justice is responsible for supervision. (3) Economically, a small part of local taxes is used as local expenditure, and the rest is all controlled by the central government.

Impact: ① The central government has strengthened its control over local governments and eliminated the separatist phenomenon in buffer areas. (2) Redundancy of officials, soldiers and expenses has been caused, and the curse of "poor and weak" has been laid.

Eight, Tang implemented three provinces and six departments.

The Central Committee of the Tang Dynasty set up Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province, which were responsible for decision-making, deliberation and implementation. The governors of the three provinces are all prime ministers, which decentralized the power of ministers. Shangshu province consists of six departments: officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals and workers, and has established and improved the management system of three provinces and six departments.

Nine, the Yuan Dynasty implemented the provincial system.

Background: Territorial expansion is unprecedented.

Overview: The central government has set up a major book province in China; There are ten provinces and Xuanzhengyuan area.

Significance: strengthening jurisdiction over the whole country; Strengthen centralization and consolidate unity. It is the beginning of China's provincial system, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations.

X. Changes in the system of selecting and using officials

Dynasty system

Supervision system in Han dynasty

Nine-grade Zheng Zhi System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Imperial Examination System in Sui, Tang, Song and Qing Dynasties

XI。 Strengthening the autocratic monarchy in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Ming Taizu adjusted the central and local official system and strengthened centralization: ① Abolish the prime minister and set up six departments; There are three departments in the waste province. (2) the establishment of the cabinet. Essence: It is the product of the strengthening of absolute monarchy.

In Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi established the military headquarters (handed down from ancient times)-the absolute monarchy reached its peak.

Notes on the knowledge points of senior one history:

★ Knowledge points of senior one's history notes

★ 1 Notes knowledge points that must be tested in the history of Grade One in senior high school.

★ Summary of Senior One's Historical Notes

★ Summarize the historical knowledge points of Grade One in 2020.

★ Summary of the knowledge points of senior one history.

★ People's Education Edition Summary of Compulsory History Knowledge Points for Grade One in Senior High School

★ Super detailed summary of high school history knowledge points

★ Encyclopedia of inductive knowledge points of senior one history.

★ Summary of a key knowledge point in compulsory history of senior one.

★ Summary of a compulsory knowledge point in senior one history.