Junior two Chinese ~ ~ urgent ~

Generally speaking, reading modern literature is always difficult for students. It takes a lot of time and scores less, but if you can understand the structural characteristics of the article, be familiar with the perspective of reading topics of literary works, and grasp the problem-solving ideas and answering language, you can still answer quickly and well.

The main contents of reading literary works include: understanding the meaning and function of words, screening information, summarizing the center of the article, analyzing the structural characteristics of the article, appreciating the image, language and expression skills of literary works and appreciating the author's thoughts and feelings. Judging from the reading topics of the national 18 sets of examination papers in recent two years, the contents of the examination include: the meaning and function of words, information screening, the structural characteristics of the article, the understanding of expression skills, especially the rhetorical function, the understanding and grasp of the author's views and attitudes, and the understanding of the character.

Starting from these exam questions in 2008, it is of great guiding significance to analyze the perspective of exam questions and explore the ideas and skills of answering questions. I mainly discuss it from the following aspects.

One: Word understanding

18 sets of papers involve the examination of the meaning of words and sentences in the reading of literary works. The angle of examination is generally to analyze the meaning of words and sentences, the emotions embodied or the role in the structure of the article.

Analysis of the meaning of words and sentences should be combined with the full text, especially the natural, life and social meanings embodied by words and sentences.

The answer can be composed of the following parts: 1, the meaning of the words and sentences themselves, 2, the author's mood, attitude or reflected thoughts, and 3, the role in the structure of the article, which is divided into three steps.

Such as: (2007 Hunan Volume Prose "Recalling Liu Bannong Jun")

17. judging from the sentence "last year, I watched him doggerel and ruined ancient Chinese", why did the author use the words "agriculture" and "rotten" before "ancient Chinese"? Please analyze it from two aspects: meaning and emotion.

The paragraphs related to the topic are:

In recent years and a half, the farmer has gradually stepped onto the key point, and I have gradually forgotten him; But when I read in the newspaper that he banned "miss" and so on, I was disgusted: I thought these things didn't have to be done by half a farmer. Since last year, I have seen him making doggerel and ruining ancient Chinese. I can't help but sigh every time I think back to my previous friendship. I think, if we meet and I still pretend to be old friends, I won't give a "Today's weather ... hahaha". Then there may be conflict. .

The topic requires analyzing the meaning of words and the author's emotions, which is an examination of understanding the meaning of important words in the text and determining the answer ideas in detail.

To analyze the meaning of words, we can start with the dictionary meaning of words, and then analyze the function of words in sentence expression and the author's feelings. We can think: what is the purpose of the author's use of this word, and what is the relationship between the meaning expressed by this word and the theme of the article and the author's feelings.

When answering questions, it can be expressed as: the dictionary meaning of words (meaning of "de", "write" and "play"); The meaning of "rotten" and "outdated"), the relationship or function with the meaning expressed in the sentence (Liu Bannong used to advocate writing vernacular Chinese, and was a brave soldier, but after the ebb of the May 4th Movement, he became conservative and began to write ancient prose), the emotion expressed in the text or the relationship with the theme (the author's criticism of Liu Bannong).

Another example: (Chongqing volume prose "Farewell to the Three Gorges" in 2007)

15. "The farewell of tourists is only a concept, a complex and a poetic feeling. The farewell of millions of immigrants is really heartbreaking." What does this sentence mean in the text?

The content related to the sentence is:

There are more than one million immigrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area, of whom120,000 people have moved to other provinces to settle down. The rest have to leave their homes, far or near. On both sides of the Yangtze River, broken walls and ruins, piles of rubble, can be seen everywhere. Counties, towns and villages are in ruins. Millions of immigrants have made great sacrifices for the construction of the Three Gorges Project. They abandoned the story of their ancestors living in a land far away from home, moved away the scene of a village crying when drinking farewell wine in the open air the night before, and kowtowed to the hometown of the surging Yangtze River before leaving, which touched me again and again and made me pay tribute. I really feel that they are the protagonists who bid farewell to the Three Gorges. The farewell of tourists is just a concept, a complex and a poetic feeling. The farewell of millions of immigrants is really heartbreaking.

To analyze the meaning of a sentence, we should understand the meaning expressed in the paragraph where the sentence is located, the author's emotion, the theme of the article, and analyze the emotion and meaning expressed by some important words.

The answer can be expressed as follows: the meaning of the sentence itself (tourists and immigrants have different feelings about bidding farewell to the Three Gorges) and the meaning of important words (concept, complex and poetic interpretation): the farewell of tourists is a farewell to scenic spots, with only regret, melancholy and loss in emotion. "Truth", "heartbreak" and "earth-shattering": give up.

It is a great sacrifice to abandon one's hometown and homeland. Then adjust the word order according to the specific requirements of the stem.

Two. Screening information

Screening article information is mainly from the content and structure of the article to ask questions, and to investigate the understanding and grasp of the content of the article. To answer this question, we should fully understand the article and analyze the characteristics of the scenery, scenes and things described in the article, and the characteristics of the characters (image, personality, etc. ), the narrative process of the event, the changes of the author's feelings and opinions, etc. When answering questions, be careful not to copy the relevant content in full, but learn to filter and summarize.

Such as: (2007 Jiangxi volume prose "Taishan is very big")

16. From the full text, from what aspects did the author write "Taishan is very big"? Please summarize.

To answer this question, we should do a full-text analysis, analyze which paragraphs in the article describe Mount Tai, what contents describe the size of Mount Tai, and pay attention to what aspects describe the size of Mount Tai in some paragraphs. The first paragraph of the article recalls the contents of predecessors' descriptions of Mount Tai, mainly quoting the great sentences of literati describing Mount Tai; The second paragraph is a transitional paragraph, which shows that different literati describe the scenery in different ways. In the third paragraph, the reason why the author can't write Mount Tai himself; The fourth paragraph writes about the reasons why Mount Tai is famous; The fifth paragraph, write a feeling of climbing Mount Tai; The last two paragraphs mainly write about their own smallness and education in the face of Mount Tai. Judging from the content of the article, the author does not directly describe the greatness of Mount Tai, but through comparison.

Answering questions can be summarized by choosing and summarizing specific sentences: from the first paragraph, it can be summarized as "describing Mount Tai from different cultural people and writing that Mount Tai has a grand realm"; From the fourth paragraph of the article, it can be summarized as "from the meditation of emperors in previous dynasties, the political and cultural connotation of Mount Tai is broad"; The third, fifth, sixth and seventh paragraphs can be summarized as "from the change of the author's understanding, writing about Mount Tai has a great shock to people's hearts". Finally, adjust the word order according to the requirements of the stem.

Three. The structure of the article

In the past two years, there have been many questions about the structural characteristics of the article. The main topics are: combing and analyzing the structure of the article, analyzing the role of the beginning, end, turning point and quotation of the article, analyzing the characteristics of the use of materials, and the role of sentences and paragraphs in the structure of the article. The key points of structural characteristics are the understanding of opening function, the characteristics of material use and the understanding of transition function.

(1) Function of analysis start

Whether it is a novel or an essay, the opening of an article usually describes a thing, a scene, a period of history, a character, a landscape, an atmosphere, an emotion and so on. Most of these expressions are paving the way for gaining momentum, setting off the atmosphere, rendering emotions, suppressing first and then promoting, comparing and so on. To determine the emotional tone of the article and lead to the following corresponding narrative and description.

The examination of reading topics in literary works also comes from these aspects, and it is necessary to analyze the functions of scenery, things, scenes, people, events and emotions described in the article; The words asked include functions, benefits, advantages, characteristics, relationships, etc.

To think about such problems, we should carefully read the relevant contents in the original text and analyze the role of the opening content in the structure and ideological content of the article from the perspective of the whole article, instead of focusing on the topic and only analyzing the opening content. ~ generally speaking, the description of scenery and scenes is to set off the atmosphere. Character description and event description are all paving the way, ready to go. Emotional description and atmosphere description are to render the atmosphere; Most of its functions are to render and contrast the atmosphere, arouse the reader's voice, determine the emotional tone or express the author's feelings. The purpose is to lead to the following narrative, description or discussion of related content.

The answer can be composed of the following sentences: the content stated at the beginning, what are the characteristics, and the relationship with the following.

Such as: (2007 Shandong Volume Prose "The Warmth of Lights")

19. At the beginning of the article, the author described in detail his experience of walking at night in the countryside. What are the advantages of writing like this?

The paragraphs related to the question are:

I don't know if you will have such an experience and leave a deep and unforgettable sense of darkness in your memory. I call this feeling; "There are no lights in the wilderness." When I was a child, I was afraid of the dark. I'm afraid to stay at home alone, afraid of the noise connected with fairy tales outside the window. This fear is not the darkness itself, but the fear of ghosts hidden in the darkness. When I grow up, I often take a walk at night. In the countryside, I strengthened my impression of darkness again and again. Heaven and earth are completely immersed in the dark night. There are no stars and no moon in the sky. Sometimes there will be some unprovoked rain, the narrowest shadow, or thick clouds, mountain shadows or tree shadows. The darkness quietly parted in front of you and quickly closed behind you. Only the puddle on the road is bright. At this time, I often run like a fly, staring blankly ahead, until a lamp flies into my heart like a firefly and suddenly ignites the fire that warms my whole body-a feeling of love and gratitude.

"The warmth of lamp" describes the common lamps. By recalling two scenes, one is the unforgettable feeling of darkness in the wild, and the other is the loneliness and helplessness among friends in downtown, thus expressing that the loneliness of life is not terrible. The terrible thing is that there is no true feelings and warmth, and there is no soul to redeem itself. It shows the author's yearning for the true feelings and warmth of the world, and his call and persistence in life belief and personal dignity.

At the beginning of the article, I always write about the feeling of "no lights in the wilderness", and then use two examples to express the author's feelings about lights-love and gratitude (one is timidity in the dark when I was a child, and the other is the warmth of lights when I was walking on a country road). The purpose of the author's opening writing is to guide readers to experience the feeling of seeing the light in the dark from their personal feelings, which is a natural meaning; Combined with the emotions expressed in the full text, "light" not only refers to the light in nature, but also shows the warmth between people, which is the meaning of life (society).

The function of thinking opening can be analyzed from the perspective of natural and social significance: why does the author write the lamp in his memory at the beginning, and why does he write the mood after seeing the lamp? After analyzing these, think about the benefits, functions or purposes of this writing. The answer can be expressed as: the summary of the initial content (from one's own life experience), the characteristics of the initial writing (natural writing, causing readers' association), and the purpose (paving the way for the lonely life realm below).

Another example: (2007 Hubei volume prose "Sun and Moon")

16. What are the characteristics and functions of the scene descriptions in the first two paragraphs of this article?

The first of the first two paragraphs is a description of the environment. The content is the characteristics of a river in the west of the village: clear water, flat and wide floodplain, shallow water, dazzling fine sand and so on. The second paragraph mainly describes the girl's impression of me. The girl's description reflects my joy and is full of poetry.

To answer this question, we can analyze it from the perspectives of "characteristics" and "function": Why did the author write about the river in the west of the village and why did he write about the shallow beach? Why do you want to write about the feelings of "I" when writing about girls, and why do you want to combine the description of girls with the scenery at dusk?

When answering questions, you can't just write terms. What is more important is to summarize and analyze the articles and find out the significance embodied in these descriptions. For example, the purpose of describing the beautiful scenery at dusk is to create a quiet atmosphere and show the beauty of the scenery, thus setting off the beauty of girls, and the purpose of describing the beautiful scenery is to reflect the joy of "me".

(2) Understand the characteristics of material use

The article is composed of different materials, and the understanding of the materials used in the article is the understanding of the emotions expressed in the article. Different materials reflect the author's different emotional attitudes and the theme of the article. The analysis of the characteristics of material use can start with understanding the full text, analyzing the functions of different paragraphs in expressing the author's feelings and the theme of the article, and analyzing the characteristics and functions of the material itself in the structure of the article. When answering questions, we should analyze the relationship between these materials and the role of materials in expressing the author's feelings and the center of the article.

Such as: (2007 Chongqing volume prose "Farewell to the Three Gorges")

16. sort out the structure of the article and answer the following questions: (1) what are the characteristics of the material arrangement of the article?

To analyze the structural characteristics of the article, we should understand the content of the full text and analyze the structural characteristics of the article from different angles. The article Farewell to the Three Gorges mainly expresses the author's praise for the Three Gorges immigrants' thinking of taking the overall situation into account by describing the farewell scene. In the first paragraph of the article, tourists bid farewell to the Three Gorges, because after the dam is impounded, the Yangtze River in the upper reaches will become a reservoir, and many primitive forms and natural wildness will become docile and tame, so tourists have a feeling of regret, disappointment and loss. In the second paragraph, the author's feelings about the Three Gorges are not as beautiful as he imagined, especially after seeing those immigrants. The third paragraph describes the sacrifice spirit of immigrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The fourth paragraph is about the understanding of immigrants.

From the structure of the full text, the article pays attention to the transition from the outside to the inside in the arrangement of materials. The full text takes "farewell" as the central content, first writing about tourists, then writing about yourself, and finally writing about immigration, which is promoted layer by layer.

(3) Understand the transfer function

The function of transitional words, sentences and paragraphs is to connect the preceding with the following, that is, to summarize the above content and lead to the following content. When analyzing the function of transition, we should learn to summarize the meaning of paragraphs, and start with the materials used in paragraphs to analyze how the transition is carried out.

When answering questions, it can be expressed as: the above summary, the following summary, and the role of turning sentences.

Such as: (2007 Chongqing volume prose "Farewell to the Three Gorges")

16. sort out the structure of the article and answer the following questions: (2) what is the function of the sentence "farewell is not necessarily a bad thing" in the article?

Judging from the phrase "Farewell is not necessarily a bad thing", this sentence is a turning point, connecting the preceding with the following.

Of course, the examination of the article structure also includes the examination of the ending function, which may be an angle of next year's proposition. From the analysis of the characteristics of the article structure, the functions of the ending part generally include: taking care of the front and back, making the finishing point, pointing out the center, sublimating the theme, reaffirming the point of view, expressing the ambition, causing association, expanding the scope and so on.