Why are Australian aborigines all black?

There are two views about when the ancestors of black Australians came to Australia. One view is that it appeared 30 thousand to 35 thousand years ago. Manning Clark, a famous Australian historian, said: "Australia, like the United States, probably didn't have a real person who was different from the previous species until the last ice age. The carbon content test confirmed that there were such humans living in the Australian mainland 30,000 years ago. " Stavri Anoos, an American historian, also pointed out: "These aborigines may be descendants of three different nationalities who drifted to Australia by boat 30,000 years ago. At that time, a narrow strait separated the mainland from Indonesia. " Edward also wrote: "Humans have lived in Australia for at least 35,000 years." (3) Another view is that the ancestors of black Australians drifted from an island in Indonesia 8,000 years ago, first landed on the northern shore of Australia, and then gradually moved south, especially to the southeast coast, and it took hundreds or even thousands of years to spread all over the continent. There is a big gap between these two times. Which view is correct? First of all, it is inferred from the ages of three kinds of skulls excavated in Australia that although the three kinds of skulls are primitive, they all show that they are real people, not primitive apes. Secondly, the ancestors of black people in mainland Australia came to the mainland by boat, so it can be inferred that it was not 30,000 years ago. It is absolutely impossible for human beings 30 thousand years ago to have the ability to cross the ocean by boat. As for the claim that there was a land bridge between Australia and New Guinea during the last ice age, it is hard to believe that the ancestors of black people could cross it. If there is a land bridge, not only people can cross it, but also other animals on the Asian continent can cross it. Why are there no viviparous mammals in Eurasia in Australia, only monotremes and marsupials? Why are there no fierce carnivores in Australia and Asia? This alone can prove that the "land bridge theory" is a speculation. Third, according to the archaeological data of ancient Australian blacks in recent years. Archaeological data confirmed that the ancestors of black Australians had tools with handles around 5500 BC. In 4850 BC, it has been carved into lines; In 2820 BC, spear point tools were used; Using thin-edged tools in BC 1800; BC 1470, there was a special bone processing. These data irrefutably prove that black Australians just "entered the Neolithic Age" about seven or eight thousand years ago. It was impossible to cross the ocean by boat in the Middle Stone Age, certainly impossible in the Paleolithic Age, and only in the Neolithic Age at most, so it can be asserted that the ancestors of black Australians came to the Australian mainland about 8,000 years ago. Third, the origin and distribution of black people in mainland Australia. So, how did the ancestors of black people in mainland Australia drift to mainland Australia by boat? Scholars have discussed this issue for a long time and put forward various viewpoints, among which "drifting theory" and "land bridge theory" are two famous viewpoints. But what we think is very convincing is the view of the British scientist Huxley. He pointed out that in the late Quaternary, although there could not be a continuous and complete land bridge between Indonesian islands, Australia and New Guinea, there might be narrow lands (such as palawan island between Borneo and the Philippines) or island belts (such as Maluku Islands) between various island groups. These narrow lands and island belts may be connected into a channel, but this channel is often separated by shallow water or narrow water. In this way, the ancestors of black people can cross by boat in sections, while animals, even viviparous mammals, are difficult to cross. Some scholars have also noticed that there are fewer and fewer animals in Indonesia from west to east. The reason is that animals are blocked by water that cuts off the land. From Indonesia, we can think of the reasons why there are no viviparous mammals in Australia, and at the same time, we can judge which way the ancestors of black Australians came to Australia. The conclusion is that the ancestors of black Australians came to Australia by sea and land from Indonesia and New Guinea at least 8000 years ago, and the main route was the eastern route, that is, crossing the Torres Strait from New Guinea, and the western route started from Timor Island. African-American ancestors first arrived in the northern coastal areas and northwest areas of the Australian mainland. After thousands of years of reproduction, the population has gradually increased. In addition, with the continuous influx of immigrants from Southeast Asia, the competition between tribes for fishing and hunting sites has become increasingly frequent and fierce. As a result, many African-Americans went south to look for new territories, which led to the population flow in ancient Australia for nearly ten thousand years, and the whole Australian continent was gradually occupied by African-Americans. The hot north but not as cool as the south is also an important factor for black people to move south. Archaeologists have discovered three main routes for black Australians to spread southward: one route, also known as the western route, spreads southward along the west coast from the northwest coastal area and southwest. The second route goes south from the northern region, goes deep into the hinterland of the mainland and goes straight to the southern region. This is the central route. The third route starts from the northeast coastal area, goes south along the east coast, and reaches the southeast area, which is also called the eastern route. Each trunk line is divided into several branches. Among the three trunk lines, the central trunk line is the most important, because this trunk line passes through several big rivers, especially murray river and Darling River, with good climate and product conditions, so there are more blacks in this area. After tens of thousands of years of reproduction, the black population in mainland Australia has reached 1788, with a total population of 300,000 and more than 500 tribes distributed in various regions of the mainland. According to geographical division, it can be divided into seven tribal regional groups. The first tribal regional group, that is, the tribes living in the murray river Valley. The second tribal group lives in the Darling River basin, including the whole of New South Wales and southern Queensland. The third tribal area is in central and northern Queensland today. In the vast area around Lake El, there is a fourth black tribal regional group, but due to the barren land and products, the population is not as large as the above three areas. The fifth tribal regional group lives in the western desert area and the southwest coastal area, where the land is also poor and the number of aborigines is not bad. Settled in the northwest and western coastal areas is the sixth regional tribal group; The seventh tribal regional group settled in the northern part of the Australian mainland, including the present Kimberly Plateau, Arnhem Land and Cape York Peninsula, which was the earliest area where African-American ancestors arrived. Fourth, the source of Tasmanian blacks Anthropologists believe that blacks living in Tasmania and blacks in mainland Australia are not the same race. Tasmanian blacks have hairy curly hair and slightly swollen lips, which is very similar to melanesians, especially New Caledonians. We know that melanesians and New Caledonians belong to the Negro people in Oceania. Anthropologists tell us that the Negro people in Africa and the Negro people in Oceania were formed in a humid tropical climate. As far as the Negro people in Oceania are concerned, they were formed under the conditions of tropical forests in Southeast Asia and Melanesia. According to this, scholars believe that Tasmanians belong to black people in Oceania, and their ancestors originally lived in tropical forests in Southeast Asia and Melanesia. This conclusion is almost universally acknowledged. However, there are two main views on the route of Tasmanian black ancestors to Tasmania. One view is that Melanesia drifted here on a raft some time before the blacks in Chinese mainland, or they came from New Caledonia. On the way, they bypassed the Australian mainland. Most scholars hold this view. Another view is that they first arrived in the Australian mainland, and then gradually went south, from the southeast end of the mainland through bass strait to the island. From all kinds of data, the conclusion that the ancestors of Tasmanian blacks arrived in Tasmania from Melanesia or New Caledonia is credible. Many Tasmanians have preserved the same culture as Melanesia, for example, using small benches as sleeping pillows, using single rafts, drilling wood for fire and so on. At the same time, until today, archaeologists have not found any traces of Tasmanians on the Australian mainland, nor have they found their own kind. All these show that Tasmanians can't go to the mainland first and then to the south. Follow-up: so complicated, that is to say, it has nothing to do with colonial plunder and slave trade in history? Answer: Yes.