Competitive spirit. what

We are familiar with America and know its strength and wealth. We are strangers to America. For those who come back from America, we always want to ask: How is America?

Faced with this problem, I thought about it: I decided to use the second sentence of the American Declaration of Independence: "We hold the following truths to be self-evident." Tell people who want to explore the true meaning of America.

For the United States, I don't want to tell my friends about the orderly cities and quiet villages, clear rivers and dense forests, blue sky and cool lawns I have seen. What I want to tell them more is the American mental state. The core values of the American country. "the kind of ideological power that can be accepted by people in market competition" is also the American mental state.

First, the United society formed by immigrant countries.

Daniel Boorstin, an expert in American history, once said, "The United States has grown up on the road of constantly exploring social life. This young country can grow and develop not because it is good at discovering, but because it is good at exploring. Its prosperity is not because of its perfect governance, but because of its smart and changeable spirit. "

The ocean is the source of American spirit. Americans are as capable as the sea. The ubiquitous sea brought European Puritans and explorers to the North American continent. From the moment they set foot on the boat, they began a social society with one heart and one mind. The Mayflower Convention was written long before landing in the New World. Winthrop, who preached on the ship during the voyage, drafted the Model of Christian Goodwill, which became the code of conduct and general thinking principle of North American immigrants.

American maritime trade became the origin of American manufacturing. The American manufacturing industry gave birth to the formation of the American factory system. Daniel Boorstin said: "The American factory system is the victory of organization and cooperation."

During the early immigration period, the east coast of the United States was neither rich in crops nor rich in minerals. They are always willing to turn the profits from maritime trade into investment projects. Try new products, find new ports or try new routes. If American genius is not so much good at inventing as diligent in experiments. This is exactly the personal quality that a new manufacturer needs. They used all the money they earned from shipping to build factories. Nathan appleton, one of the founders of American textile industry, said that the biggest reason why their factories and enterprises failed was that the factory system was formed according to rules and procedures. In the new factory, the stages of production were clearly divided from the beginning. From a post, a process is the final assembly of the whole production process, and it is the observance of the factory system, which makes people more accustomed to and naturally work and live according to the agreement of the factory. Over time, the requirements of the factory system for people have accumulated in the national character, and * * * agrees with the agreement and * * abides by it, which has become the basic meaning of unifying the country.

Under the basic conditions of factory system, the United States attaches great importance to generalists, and its educational level, adaptability and research spirit are all self-evident potential requirements that determine personal progress and development. Daniel Boorstin said: "An open mind is more valuable than skilled hands." In the early industrial production process, British technicians and industrialists saw a new type of workers in the United States. Their flexibility of "not relying on skillful craftsmanship but relying on good brains" is more important than innovation and flexibility, which makes the whole immigrant society full of vitality. It changed their attitude towards the law and promoted the appearance of the outline of modern American legal system. In this sense, a vibrant society must be a great creator of law. Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, omnipotent.

Second, the pragmatic spirit formed by immigrant life.

The early history of the United States is really thought-provoking, and their enlightenment to all mankind is not empty warnings but practical actions. It is not a verbal regret, but a model of how to live. The new civilization was established in the process of breaking the old world in the new world. It is not produced by pre-planned goals. Imagine how ecstatic the immigrants who crossed the Atlantic were when they first set foot on the North American continent, and how much they expected the beauty of this "city on the mountain" described in the Bible. As Cotton Rees said, "I want to eulogize the miracle created by Christianity. In order to escape corruption in Europe, they came to the beaches of America. "

However, the poor land where the Puritans lived and the bows and arrows of the Indians became longer and longer. Let these immigrants who have just set foot on the American continent understand that they have to deal with countless difficulties and obstacles on the primitive North American continent every day. They have no conditions or time to study sacred theology and logical philosophy. The harsh reality of life makes them understand that they are not engaged in philosophical research, but social builders. They know that they can't spend their energy trying to distinguish between "compulsory" and "restrictive" religious rights, and "important issues" and "irrelevant issues". However, we are faced with problems such as how to mark the boundaries of new towns, or how to obtain material resources for survival, and how to deal with the threat of Indians. Immigrant life makes them more practical.

Immigrants have seen a new world and discovered new insights in new places. The ideological value of immigrants has not yet been formed, but their way of thinking has been revealed. Benjamin Franklin said: "We are on the right path of continuous progress because we are constantly experimenting." For most Americans, the reason why people take action is far less important than the action itself. Instead of maintaining an institutionalized but vague "truth", it is better to take good actions for wrong or unknown reasons. Deliberation may not produce the most effective action. But the novel and changeable methods can get unexpected results. As the saying goes, we ordinary people are "fierce all the way".

Franklin was involved in academic debate more than once. He told British journalists that there is no need to verbally oppose what they think is wrong, because for most people, it makes sense for them and it would be better for them to correct their direction through experiments. Ollie Wendell Holmes, an American justice, said: "The best test of truth is the ideological power that people can accept in the market competition."

The American Declaration of Independence summarized the basic social truth as "self-evident". And take this truth as the second sentence to tell everyone that "we think the following truth is self-evident" and become an important nutrient of American national character. Accumulate into a more pragmatic national spirit.

Third, the cultural temperament evolved from the gentleman tradition.

Adam Smith said: "Britain bought a large piece of land for its restless subjects in a distant place." William byrd also said, "In the initial stage, the whole United States was Virginia." These two sentences tell us the subject of American immigrants and the subject of American society. As early as the18th century, for most white immigrants, Virginia was just a port of entry and a transit point. Those immigrants from Europe, especially Britain, set foot on the North American continent and went west, south and north into the hinterland of North America. The white immigrants who stayed in the local area established the farm society according to the British model and gradually formed the new Virginia model. The new model is a copy of the old British model.

Once they become rich, their ambition is to become a country gentleman, retire from the store counter level or a position in front of employees' desks, and live in a spacious house in the center of a huge manor. Just like the rich people in our country pursue luxury villas and then go swimming in the ends of the earth in winter.

In Britain, people always think that gentlemen have a certain sense of mystery. King James I's wet nurse asked his son to be a gentleman. The king replied, "Although I can make him a Lord, I can never make him a gentleman." However, in Virginia, a gentleman's family can be built with money. As long as you have cash, you can buy aristocratic status. In American society, social status comes at a price. Those capital owners who once became rural gentlemen mean to squeeze into the ranks of the ruling class. This means becoming a local member of parliament, even a member of parliament, or a president. It goes without saying that it also paved a smooth road to the top of the pyramid for the rich Americans. It has become an index that affects and brings up excellent quality from generation to generation. As daniel Boorstin said, although Virginia gentlemen have great enthusiasm for running businesses and are not so afraid of getting their hands dirty when doing business, their mental state has become more capitalist. Having said that, we understand it better. In America, cars give way to people, pedestrians wait for the green light safely, and shopping naturally queues up, forming a good atmosphere.

Fourth, the democratic consciousness of preemptive promotion.

In America, travel is an opportunity to make everyone equal. The formation of this kind of thinking stems from the developed transportation system. As the scholar said in 1835, "developed traffic not only shortens the distance between different places, but also shortens the distance at different stages." Daniel Boorstin once talked about a Philadelphia man who was born in a noble family and went to Providence from Boston by train. Rich and poor, educated and uneducated, educated and vulgar, are all crowded together in this changed journey of modernization. In the early days of the railway, there were no separate carriages of different grades in the United States. Everyone sleeps and gets up at the same time, and all beds should be raised and put down at the same time. Everyone eats the same food and enjoys the same treatment. This habit of equality began by taking the train.

"Desperate to catch up" and overcrowding during the journey not only make it difficult for all social classes to keep the gap, but also make it easier for tourists to form a group of "meeting each other and hating each other". The principle of "first come, first served" is used again here. As a result of the discovery of the new continent, the immigrants developed a desperate ability to catch up. If you can't get there before others, the benefits may be taken away by others. America, a magical land full of charm, is like a horse race for immigrants. Whoever gets there first will become the owner of this land. The lure of the land urges every visionary to speed up his steps. Be the first to arrive. Even if you can't be the first, you should get there as soon as possible This awareness has become a major feature of Americans' westward migration.

The upsurge of developing gold mines is enough to show the democratic consciousness of "priority first", and the technology of developing gold mines increasingly requires people to pay attention to mutual cooperation and loyalty to the collective. There is no law at all where you first arrive at the mining area. No one has ever pretended not to be governed by outsiders like pioneers. Miners' law naturally forms. They regard the resources they "seize" as their own rights to cooperate with those who "seize" themselves and formulate various rules and regulations that can defend their rights and interests. This regulation is usually passed by the miners' congress. Everyone present at the meeting is a member and enjoys the right to vote. Voters vote according to their own interests in accordance with the provisions of the treaty. It goes without saying that the majority decision principle came into being.

Fifth, develop the diligent character formed before discovery.

Josiah Strong told an interesting story when describing Americans. He said: What exactly is the "American desert"? It's erratic and elusive ... "... The desert in the United States was driven out of the plain east of the Rocky Mountains and seemed to be a prodigal son, wandering on the surface of the earth. For a while, the mapmakers located it in Utah, but once people got there, the desert slipped to Arizona and Nevada. "This story tells that Americans don't know exactly where the American desert is. It is marked on the east and west of the territory. In fact, it expresses strangeness and unknowability to the North American continent. Before the surveying and mapping work was completed, the immigrants who desperately grabbed the land had nailed the boundary markers in the newly demarcated villages and towns.

Americans live in a brand-new continent, living in a state of complete obscurity about their own country. From Columbus' osawa to the mainland, it was divided into a straight line for sale, and they were very unfamiliar with the rivers, lakes, mountains and mineral deposits in this place. When the immigrants took the map drawn by the government and rushed to the Pacific Ocean along the waterway from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, they came to the hinterland of the North American continent along the Mississippi River. This driving force of getting land first is what American historians call "exploration precedes discovery". Americans' pioneering precedes discovery, and this reversal of time sequence cultivates their optimism, competitiveness and entrepreneurial diligence, which keeps Americans full of hope. Before the arrival of explorers, geographers, painters and professional naturalists, a large number of immigrants can flock. This strange state in the early period of immigration greatly enlivened American thoughts, because tangible expansion provided knowledge growth, space for understanding, and set the tone for the definition of knowledge. People cannot be limited by a lot of unknowable factors, but must be diligent, explore and discover, which is also the key to the formation of the "American spirit."

(Author: Municipal Development and Reform Commission) Enlightenment of American National Spirit

□ Hongwei Jin

We are familiar with America and know its strength and wealth. We are strangers to America. For those who come back from America, we always want to ask: How is America?

Faced with this problem, I thought about it: I decided to use the second sentence of the American Declaration of Independence: "We hold the following truths to be self-evident." Tell people who want to explore the true meaning of America.

For the United States, I don't want to tell my friends about the orderly cities and quiet villages, clear rivers and dense forests, blue sky and cool lawns I have seen. What I want to tell them more is the American mental state. The core values of the American country. "the kind of ideological power that can be accepted by people in market competition" is also the American mental state.

First, the United society formed by immigrant countries.

Daniel Boorstin, an expert in American history, once said, "The United States has grown up on the road of constantly exploring social life. This young country can grow and develop not because it is good at discovering, but because it is good at exploring. Its prosperity is not because of its perfect governance, but because of its smart and changeable spirit. "

The ocean is the source of American spirit. Americans are as capable as the sea. The ubiquitous sea brought European Puritans and explorers to the North American continent. From the moment they set foot on the boat, they began a social society with one heart and one mind. The Mayflower Convention was written long before landing in the New World. Winthrop, who preached on the ship during the voyage, drafted the Model of Christian Goodwill, which became the code of conduct and general thinking principle of North American immigrants.

American maritime trade became the origin of American manufacturing. The American manufacturing industry gave birth to the formation of the American factory system. Daniel Boorstin said: "The American factory system is the victory of organization and cooperation."

During the early immigration period, the east coast of the United States was neither rich in crops nor rich in minerals. They are always willing to turn the profits from maritime trade into investment projects. Try new products, find new ports or try new routes. If American genius is not so much good at inventing as diligent in experiments. This is exactly the personal quality that a new manufacturer needs. They used all the money they earned from shipping to build factories. Nathan appleton, one of the founders of American textile industry, said that the biggest reason why their factories and enterprises failed was that the factory system was formed according to rules and procedures. In the new factory, the stages of production were clearly divided from the beginning. From a post, a process is the final assembly of the whole production process, and it is the observance of the factory system, which makes people more accustomed to and naturally work and live according to the agreement of the factory. Over time, the requirements of the factory system for people have accumulated in the national character, and * * * agrees with the agreement and * * abides by it, which has become the basic meaning of unifying the country.

Under the basic conditions of factory system, the United States attaches great importance to generalists, and its educational level, adaptability and research spirit are all self-evident potential requirements that determine personal progress and development. Daniel Boorstin said: "An open mind is more valuable than skilled hands." In the early industrial production process, British technicians and industrialists saw a new type of workers in the United States. Their flexibility of "not relying on skillful craftsmanship but relying on good brains" is more important than innovation and flexibility, which makes the whole immigrant society full of vitality. It changed their attitude towards the law and promoted the appearance of the outline of modern American legal system. In this sense, a vibrant society must be a great creator of law. Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, omnipotent.

Second, the pragmatic spirit formed by immigrant life.

The early history of the United States is really thought-provoking, and their enlightenment to all mankind is not empty warnings but practical actions. It is not a verbal regret, but a model of how to live. The new civilization was established in the process of breaking the old world in the new world. It is not produced by pre-planned goals. Imagine how ecstatic the immigrants who crossed the Atlantic were when they first set foot on the North American continent, and how much they expected the beauty of this "city on the mountain" described in the Bible. As Cotton Rees said, "I want to eulogize the miracle created by Christianity. In order to escape corruption in Europe, they came to the beaches of America. "

However, the poor land where the Puritans lived and the bows and arrows of the Indians became longer and longer. Let these immigrants who have just set foot on the American continent understand that they have to deal with countless difficulties and obstacles on the primitive North American continent every day. They have no conditions or time to study sacred theology and logical philosophy. The harsh reality of life makes them understand that they are not engaged in philosophical research, but social builders. They know that they can't spend their energy trying to distinguish between "compulsory" and "restrictive" religious rights, and "important issues" and "irrelevant issues". However, we are faced with problems such as how to mark the boundaries of new towns, or how to obtain material resources for survival, and how to deal with the threat of Indians. Immigrant life makes them more practical.

Immigrants have seen a new world and discovered new insights in new places. The ideological value of immigrants has not yet been formed, but their way of thinking has been revealed. Benjamin Franklin said: "We are on the right path of continuous progress because we are constantly experimenting." For most Americans, the reason why people take action is far less important than the action itself. Instead of maintaining an institutionalized but vague "truth", it is better to take good actions for wrong or unknown reasons. Deliberation may not produce the most effective action. But the novel and changeable methods can get unexpected results. As the saying goes, we ordinary people are "fierce all the way".

Franklin was involved in academic debate more than once. He told British journalists that there is no need to verbally oppose what they think is wrong, because for most people, it makes sense for them and it would be better for them to correct their direction through experiments. Ollie Wendell Holmes, an American justice, said: "The best test of truth is the ideological power that people can accept in the market competition."

The American Declaration of Independence summarized the basic social truth as "self-evident". And take this truth as the second sentence to tell everyone that "we think the following truth is self-evident" and become an important nutrient of American national character. Accumulate into a more pragmatic national spirit.

Third, the cultural temperament evolved from the gentleman tradition.

Adam Smith said: "Britain bought a large piece of land for its restless subjects in a distant place." William byrd also said, "In the initial stage, the whole United States was Virginia." These two sentences tell us the subject of American immigrants and the subject of American society. As early as the18th century, for most white immigrants, Virginia was just a port of entry and a transit point. Those immigrants from Europe, especially Britain, set foot on the North American continent and went west, south and north into the hinterland of North America. The white immigrants who stayed in the local area established the farm society according to the British model and gradually formed the new Virginia model. The new model is a copy of the old British model.

Once they become rich, their ambition is to become a country gentleman, retire from the store counter level or a position in front of employees' desks, and live in a spacious house in the center of a huge manor. Just like the rich people in our country pursue luxury villas and then go swimming in the ends of the earth in winter.

In Britain, people always think that gentlemen have a certain sense of mystery. King James I's wet nurse asked his son to be a gentleman. The king replied, "Although I can make him a Lord, I can never make him a gentleman." However, in Virginia, a gentleman's family can be built with money. As long as you have cash, you can buy aristocratic status. In American society, social status comes at a price. Those capital owners who once became rural gentlemen mean to squeeze into the ranks of the ruling class. This means becoming a local member of parliament, even a member of parliament, or a president. It goes without saying that it also paved a smooth road to the top of the pyramid for the rich Americans. It has become an index that affects and brings up excellent quality from generation to generation. As daniel Boorstin said, although Virginia gentlemen have great enthusiasm for running businesses and are not so afraid of getting their hands dirty when doing business, their mental state has become more capitalist. Having said that, we understand it better. In America, cars give way to people, pedestrians wait for the green light safely, and shopping naturally queues up, forming a good atmosphere.

Fourth, the democratic consciousness of preemptive promotion.

In America, travel is an opportunity to make everyone equal. The formation of this kind of thinking stems from the developed transportation system. As the scholar said in 1835, "developed traffic not only shortens the distance between different places, but also shortens the distance at different stages." Daniel Boorstin once talked about a Philadelphia man who was born in a noble family and went to Providence from Boston by train. Rich and poor, educated and uneducated, educated and vulgar, are all crowded together in this changed journey of modernization. In the early days of the railway, there were no separate carriages of different grades in the United States. Everyone sleeps and gets up at the same time, and all beds should be raised and put down at the same time. Everyone eats the same food and enjoys the same treatment. This habit of equality began by taking the train.

"Desperate to catch up" and overcrowding during the journey not only make it difficult for all social classes to keep the gap, but also make it easier for tourists to form a group of "meeting each other and hating each other". The principle of "first come, first served" is used again here. As a result of the discovery of the new continent, the immigrants developed a desperate ability to catch up. If you can't get there before others, the benefits may be taken away by others. America, a magical land full of charm, is like a horse race for immigrants. Whoever gets there first will become the owner of this land. The lure of the land urges every visionary to speed up his steps. Be the first to arrive. Even if you can't be the first, you should get there as soon as possible This awareness has become a major feature of Americans' westward migration.

The upsurge of developing gold mines is enough to show the democratic consciousness of "priority first", and the technology of developing gold mines increasingly requires people to pay attention to mutual cooperation and loyalty to the collective. There is no law at all where you first arrive at the mining area. No one has ever pretended not to be governed by outsiders like pioneers. Miners' law naturally forms. They regard the resources they "seize" as their own rights to cooperate with those who "seize" themselves and formulate various rules and regulations that can defend their rights and interests. This regulation is usually passed by the miners' congress. Everyone present at the meeting is a member and enjoys the right to vote. Voters vote according to their own interests in accordance with the provisions of the treaty. It goes without saying that the majority decision principle came into being.

Fifth, develop the diligent character formed before discovery.

Josiah Strong told an interesting story when describing Americans. He said: What exactly is the "American desert"? It's erratic and elusive ... "... The desert in the United States was driven out of the plain east of the Rocky Mountains and seemed to be a prodigal son, wandering on the surface of the earth. For a while, the mapmakers located it in Utah, but once people got there, the desert slipped to Arizona and Nevada. "This story tells that Americans don't know exactly where the American desert is. It is marked on the east and west of the territory. In fact, it expresses strangeness and unknowability to the North American continent. Before the surveying and mapping work was completed, the immigrants who desperately grabbed the land had nailed the boundary markers in the newly demarcated villages and towns.

Americans live in a brand-new continent, living in a state of complete obscurity about their own country. From Columbus' osawa to the mainland, it was divided into a straight line for sale, and they were very unfamiliar with the rivers, lakes, mountains and mineral deposits in this place. When the immigrants took the map drawn by the government and rushed to the Pacific Ocean along the waterway from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, they came to the hinterland of the North American continent along the Mississippi River. This driving force of getting land first is what American historians call "exploration precedes discovery". Americans' pioneering precedes discovery, and this reversal of time sequence cultivates their optimism, competitiveness and entrepreneurial diligence, which keeps Americans full of hope. Before the arrival of explorers, geographers, painters and professional naturalists, a large number of immigrants can flock. This strange state in the early period of immigration greatly enlivened American thoughts, because tangible expansion provided knowledge growth, space for understanding, and set the tone for the definition of knowledge. People can not be limited by a lot of unknowable factors, but must be diligent, explore and discover, which is also very important for the formation of the "American spirit."