How did the separatist regime in the Tang Dynasty come into being?

During the reign of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 12 ~ 756 AD), due to the disintegration of the land equalization system, the officers and men system based on it also disintegrated, and the recruitment system began to be implemented. The vicious development of the recruitment system has formed a separatist regime in the buffer region. In order to prevent the invasion of neighboring nationalities, the garrison military towns have been greatly expanded, and our ambassadors have been set up, giving military commanders, financial control and the power to supervise the prefectures and counties under our control. * * * We have nine ambassadors and one ambassador (see Tianbao X, our ambassador). Especially in the north, the concentration of power is even more remarkable. Often, one of the two or three towns was appointed as our special envoy, and An Lushan launched a rebellion by virtue of his appointment as our special envoy in Fanyang, Pinglu and Hedong.

The separatist regime of the buffer region usually refers to the situation that foreign generals supported troops and were not controlled by the central government in military, financial and personnel aspects after the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, which lasted for more than a hundred years until the demise of the Tang Dynasty. It happened because many of our envoys were added in the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion, and the area under the jurisdiction of our envoys was called the "buffer town". The central government of the Tang Dynasty thought that some rebellions could be suppressed through the buffer region, but unexpectedly, the buffer region was the general source of chaos and even destruction in the Tang Dynasty.

According to the historian Zhang Guogang's Study of the Tang Dynasty, during most of the second half of the Tang Dynasty, most of the buffer towns were not separated, only a few buffer towns, such as Heshuo, were separated, but to a certain extent, the policies and decrees of the Tang Dynasty were implemented, and "the situation of our army must be protected by court officials", and the separation of buffer towns was also lifted.

In fact, from the time when the Anshi Rebellion was put down in 763 AD to the time when the Huang Chao Uprising broke out during the reign of Tang Yizong, the situation in the buffer regions was relatively stable 1 10 years, and only a few buffer regions, such as Heshuo, were separated.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of separatist regimes began to appear in the Huang Chao Rebellion.