What are the customs in Laizhou, Shandong?

Shandong Folk Custom Shandong folk custom has a long history and has been handed down from generation to generation. According to historical records, folklore and archaeological excavations, as early as the Neolithic Age, there were a large number of folk customs reflecting Dongyi culture in Shandong, such as eating utensils, costumes, production tools, adult etiquette, marriage forms, tomb types, totem worship and mountain folk beliefs, all of which showed the characteristics of Shandong folk customs in prehistoric times. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially after the feudalism in Qilu, there were different customs in different countries in Shandong, but with the formation of Confucius and Mencius, the overall image of Qilu's etiquette country was gradually established. Since then, Shandong folk custom with "ceremony" as the core has been in a dominant position in the whole feudal society, and "the wind is close to Zou Lu" is often used as the standard to evaluate local folk customs, which still has an impact on China and even the world.

The differences of Qilu folk customs in history have profoundly influenced the regional differences and complexity of Shandong folk customs. This historical fact strongly shows that the formation and evolution of folk customs are closely related to the political, economic and cultural conditions of a certain era, and the relevant conditions often vary from place to place. Jiang Shang adopted the policy of "keeping things simple because of customs" to govern Qi. Therefore, the custom of Qi inherited the cultural tradition of Dongyi and was less bound by the ritual system. They act in the way of benefiting business, respecting the virtuous and valuing merit, and are even more colored with commodity economy. The custom of Lu tries to replace the original cultural tradition with the rites of Zhou, which is more natural and economical on the basis of restraining the end, worshiping rites and emphasizing education. Although Qilu customs are different as always, the traditions originated from Dongyi culture are all centered on etiquette and righteousness, and the differences in ways and methods can not change the consistency of basic contents. Confucianism produced in this period has played a great role in regulating the inheritance of Shandong culture, including folk customs. Confucius' so-called "Qi becomes Lu, Lu becomes Tao" is a basic summary of Shandong folk culture in this period. After the unification of Qin and Han Dynasties, especially after Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty "respected Confucianism alone", the Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius became the mainstream of China traditional culture, and the folk customs in Shandong Province were further unified within the framework of Confucianism, forming a tradition. During this period, although there were several dynasty changes and national culture integration, the folk cultural tradition with etiquette as the core did not change much. In modern times, with the decline of feudal society and the influence of western culture, Shandong folk customs began to evolve to modern times. After the May 4th Movement, especially after the beginning of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the establishment of the revolutionary base in Shandong enabled a generation of new fashions to develop, such as the spring breeze blowing all over Shandong, which profoundly affected all aspects of people's lives. The Spring Festival mass cultural performances in Yimeng Mountain area still follow the tradition of revolutionary base areas, and even the custom of calling young women "literacy classes" is the same as that of that year.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the leadership of the Party and the people's government, the broad masses of the people got rid of the old and innovated, and new fashions and fashions were gradually formed, which effectively promoted the economic and social development of Shandong. 1978 After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, under the new situation of reform and opening up, Shandong's economic and social life has changed with each passing day, and new folk customs have emerged one after another, which has a strong flavor of the times. At the same time, the party and the people's government have taken various measures to purify the social environment and achieved good results. Shandong folk customs are influenced by various conditions, showing their own diversity and regionality.

Jinan, Qingzhou, Taian and Yanzhou in the hinterland of Shandong Province have always been political, economic and cultural centers. Since ancient times, four people have a regular career, and Chang Yi has a regular ceremony at the age of six, and he has a regular system of food, clothing, housing and transportation. Its folklore inheritance is of typical significance to the surrounding areas and can be regarded as the representative of Shandong folklore. Qufu and Zoucheng in this area are the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, and Tai 'an has Mount Tai, which is the first of the five mountains, and its folk characteristics are particularly remarkable. The custom of Confucius and Mencius family not only affects the local area, but also reaches home and abroad. Confucian family customs, ancestor worship, weddings and funerals, holiday customs, food, clothing, housing and transportation are all typical examples of family customs. Mount Tai is a place where emperors closed their shrines, a mountain where people worship, a living specimen museum for studying folk beliefs and a hot spot for developing folk tourism resources. In the eastern coastal areas, the customs of fishing and going out to do business are the most prominent. Rizhao, Rongcheng, Penglai and Long Island are the most typical fishing villages. Residents in the coastal areas of Penglai, Longkou (Huangxian) and Laizhou (Yexian) have followed the tradition of "striving for profits", and the custom of going out to do business has continued from generation to generation. "Merchants" such as Peng, Huang and Ye have great influence not only in the northeast, but also in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Yimeng Mountain area in the southeast of Shandong Province is an area with early origin of ancient culture, which has both mountain characteristics and more traditional folk customs. A series of good customs and habits formed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the war of liberation were further developed after the founding of New China. Southwest Shandong and northwest Shandong are alluvial plains of the Yellow River, and folk customs are closely related to the ancient Yellow River, which is unique. Its traditional opera, music and dance, and folk crafts (such as paper-cutting and embroidery) have all gone to the whole country and the world. Shandong's urban folklore can also form a series independently, including various types. Jinan is a thousand-year-old city, full of old streets, old brands and ancient customs. At the same time, it is also a spring city and a lake city, and the customs of the northern country Jiangnan are unparalleled in the world. Qingdao is a new city that has sprung up in the past 100 years, and the atmosphere of modern cities is the strongest. The development of Yantai city, from guarding the city in Ming Dynasty to gradually bringing the surrounding villages into the urban area in modern times, can best reflect the characteristics of urban-rural integration and coexistence of soil and foreign countries. On the one hand, local products and special skills often lead to unique local customs, and special customs are formed due to special products, such as Yantai is called the hometown of apples, Laiyang is the hometown of pears, Feicheng is the hometown of peaches, Dezhou and Changle are the hometown of watermelons, Leling and Wudi are the hometown of dates, Zhangqiu is the hometown of green onions, Cangshan is the hometown of garlic, Heze is the hometown of peonies, Laizhou is the hometown of roses, and Pingyi is honeysuckle. Customs are formed because of special skills, such as the customs of brewing and selling wine in Lanling Town of Cangshan, Jingzhi Town of Anqiu and jimo city, the customs of ancient Ejiao in Dong 'e, Yanggu and Pingyin, the customs of stocking tussah, weaving cocoons and eating silkworm moths in Qixia, Mu Ping and Rushan, and the customs of printing and wearing blue printed cloth in Changyi, Boxing and Linyi. The customs of printing, selling and pasting woodblock New Year pictures in Weifang, Pingdu, Gaomi, Zhangqiu Town in Yanggu, Liaocheng and Qinghe Town in Huimin, the artistic customs of clay sculpture artists in Niejiazhuang, Linyi Chuzhuang, Cangshan, Huimin Henan Zhang and Huo Baoli in Shenxian, the artistic customs of wooden toy artists in Tancheng and Juancheng, and the artistic customs of Qufu Kai carving artists. From ancient times to the present, Shandong folk culture has been constantly communicating between regions because of immigration, transportation and going out for grades, which is manifested in the evolution of folk customs and has formed a trend of absorption and opening up. The folk culture brought by immigrants has a far-reaching influence on Shandong folk customs. In the early Ming Dynasty, the policy of "emigrating to expand the countryside" was implemented. At that time, many counties in Shandong Province were classified as "generalized townships". From the second year of Hongwu to Yongle, a large number of immigrants moved from Sophora japonica in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province to Dezhou, Binzhou, Liaocheng, Tai 'an, Heze, Jining and other places in Shandong Province, and some moved eastward from Binzhou. In this way, Shanxi immigrants are almost all over Shandong. "Ask me where my ancestors are? The ballad "Sophora japonica in Hongdong, Shanxi" has been circulated in Shandong for more than twenty generations. Traces of the influence of Shanxi customs on Shandong residents still exist. For example, don't eat fire at the Cold Food Festival. According to legend, it is to commemorate Jie Zitui, a loyal minister of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. Noodles made by people at the Cold Food Festival are also called "Zituiyan". Many residents of several counties in northwest Shandong migrated from Zaoqiang County in Zhili (now Hebei Province) in the early Ming Dynasty. There is also a popular song: "Where is your hometown?" Zaoqiang county, zhili province. "The places where they live, such as folk artworks such as New Year pictures and clay toys, are still close to the style of Zaoqiang. In the early Ming Dynasty, most of the immigrants from Sichuan to Shandong were concentrated in Laizhou, so the customs and habits of Laizhou were different from those of its eastern neighbors. Lijin County and Kenli County near the Yellow River Estuary have experienced several official arrangements and spontaneous folk migration in modern times, where we can see various phenomena in which immigrants blend folk cultures. Kenli was originally located in Lijin for land analysis, and almost all the land was deposited by the sediment brought by the Yellow River in the past hundred years. People call it "Dawa" in Lijin land reclamation and "Kenliwa" after land reclamation. The place is around Kenli County, and the customs are the same as Lijin. In the northeast of the county, most of the land reclamation people came from Shouguang and Guangrao, and Shouguang was the most, and the customs were similar to Shouguang. Near the Yellow River Estuary, in 1935, flood victims were moved by the government from Dongping, Liangshan, Pingyin and Yanggu, which basically preserved the customs of southwest Shandong. In the 1960s, with the development of Shengli Oilfield, tens of thousands of workers came to the Yellow River Estuary with their families and built Dongying City in Dongying Village. Oil workers are most concentrated in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Northeast China, so Dongying has become a place where customs and local customs coexist in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Northeast China. The dock towns along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which flourished in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Dezhou, Linqing, Dongchang (now Liaocheng), Zhangqiu, Da 'anshan, Jining, Nanyang and Taierzhuang in Shandong Province, were influenced by the north-south water transport, and their customs and habits were different from those in other parts of Shandong Province. Most of these towns have a bamboo pole lane, where common bamboo weaving shops in the south of the Yangtze River are concentrated. The teahouse is located on the street, and the pavement pattern and tea selling custom are roughly the same as those of Jiangnan teahouse. The Yutang Sauce Garden in Jining was moved from Suzhou along the canal, and its products still maintain the flavor of Jiangnan, still using the signboard of "Gusu Old Shop". Hada weaving in Linqing flourished because lamas went to Beijing along the canal. The custom of dowry with toilet in Jiangnan is popular in some villages along the Dongchang Canal. A typical example of the folk cultural exchange brought about by going out to find a job is when Shandong people went to Kanto in history. There are roughly two different types of Shandong people who go to Kanto: one is that their families move to rural areas and forest areas in northeast China, which has the nature of fleeing, commonly known as "forced to go to Kanto"; One is that he lives in Shandong, but he has been doing business in the northeast for most of his life, commonly known as "Jutian". They brought the customs of Shandong to the northeast and back to Shandong. Long-term exchanges have made the folk cultures of the two places have many similarities, especially some folk stories with the same content, such as the story of Lao Li with bald tail and the story of ginseng, which are also widely circulated in Shandong and Northeast China. Shandong customs are influenced by the northeast, especially Jiaodong. The hometown of Manchu in Changbai Mountain has the custom of steaming lanterns with bean flour. Among them, there is a warehouse-shaped lantern, commonly known as "the moon". When steaming lanterns, you can see the water vapor in the "moon" and predict the floods and droughts in the coming months. This custom was almost lost in Changbai Mountain area, but it was inherited by Rongcheng and Wendeng people. Folklore research in Shandong started earlier and achieved fruitful results. During the May 4th Movement, Peking University founded Ballad and solicited contributions from the whole country. At that time, Shandong people responded by collecting dozens of Shandong folk songs and publishing them in the form of "ballads". In 1930s, some people collected and published books such as Shandong Folk Children's Games. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the soldiers and civilians in the revolutionary base areas used various forms of folk literature and art to create many works that the masses loved, which aroused the revolutionary enthusiasm of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians and became a trend for a while.