What is the history of the Ivy League?

The Ivy League first refers to an informal college football game, which originated in 19, when Yale University won the first championship. For many years, the US Army and Air Force have also participated in Ivy League football games, but they quit shortly before the formal establishment of the league. In 1937, new york's Herald Tribune first used the metaphor of ivy growing on the wall to describe these schools participating in football matches; In 1945, the sports coaches of eight universities signed the first Ivy League agreement, which set academic, financial and sports standards for the eight participating football teams. This agreement was extended to all other sports in 1954, which is also considered as the year when the Ivy League was formally established.

Ivy League, a prestigious international school, is a kind of school alliance, and the schools in the alliance are usually similar in scale and form. League used to be a grouping method of college football matches, that is, schools with similar sizes and forms were grouped into a group to hold a competition once a year. Over time, this is used to classify schools. Ivy League schools include: Brown Univ., Columbia Univ., Cornell Univ, Dartmouth Univ., Harvard Univ., and U. of Pennsylvania. Eight private universities located on the east coast, such as Princeton Univ. and Yale Univ., have made Ivy League schools famous in students' minds because their academic achievements far exceed their competition results. Location: Harvard University in Massachusetts, Yale University in Connecticut, Columbia University in New York, Princeton University in New Jersey, Brown University in Rhode Island, Cornell University in New York, Dartmouth College in New Hampshire and University of Pennsylvania.

The most famous American university is the Ivy League in the northeast. There are eight Ivy League schools: Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Brown University, the University of Pennsylvania and Dartmouth College. In the ranking of US News and World Report, all eight Ivy League schools are in the top 14, and the top three are Princeton, Harvard and Yale

In fact, the name "Ivy League School" has nothing to do with academics. Its origin is that at the beginning of this century, eight northeastern universities formed a sports league. Many universities in the United States belong to a sports league, which specializes in competitions with schools in the league. Among the more influential ones are TheBigEast League, The Southeastern Conference, The Atlantic Coast Conference and so on.

As the eight universities belonging to the "Ivy League" are excellent academically, their campuses are full of aristocratic atmosphere, they all have a very long history, and they are all in the northeast. Over time, people invariably sum them up as a whole in their impressions. The name "Ivy League School" has become a symbol of "academic strength" ever since it was used. Until now, when people praise a university, they will call it "Ivy in the west", "Ivy in the south" or "Ivy in the middle".

The students of Ivy League schools not only chase after each other academically, but also give way to each other in sports, and support their schools very enthusiastically. For example, the annual football match between Harvard University and Yale University is an example.

the university of Pennsylvania is a private university, which was founded in 174 at the initiative of Benjamin Franklin, the founding father of the United States. It is one of the Ivy League universities in the northeastern United States, and is famous in the United States and the world for its excellent undergraduate education, excellent scientific research achievements and excellent postgraduate courses. Among the famous universities in the United States, the University of Pennsylvania occupies a quite prominent position.

According to Franklin's idea, the University of Pennsylvania focuses on practical subjects in its curriculum, such as modern language, public law, economics, science and engineering, social science and applied mathematics. Because the University of Pennsylvania is committed to the development of practical disciplines, it always focuses on those subjects that are useful for social development and human progress, unlike those schools that pay attention to theological research. They are very courageous in the theory of religious metaphysics and dare to be the first in the world in the mode of running schools, thus leaving many "first" honors in the history of American university entrepreneurship: they were the first to offer modern liberal arts courses in 1756; The first medical school was established in 1765; In 177, he was the first to use chemistry textbooks; In 1779, he was the first to end the college model and replace it with the university model; The first teaching hospital was established in 1874; Established the first business school in 1881; The first university museum was built in 1887; The first university psychological clinic was established in 1896, and the first university cable TV station operated and managed by students was established in 1978. The first human gene therapy institute was established in 1992; In 1994, she elected the first female president of an Ivy League university-the University of Pennsylvania, which recorded a series of "No.1" records, and gained the reputation of being brave in innovation and pioneering in American colleges and universities.

Harvard University is one of the most famous and ancient institutions of higher learning in the United States. This private institution located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was founded as Cambridge College on September 8, 1636.

English Puritans immigrated to Plymouth in p>162. Sixteen years later (when China was in the late Ming Dynasty), Harvard School was established in accordance with the vote of the Massachusetts Supreme Court. Since many Puritans were born in Cambridge University in England, they named the new town where Harvard University was located Cambridge. At first, the school had only one male teacher and nine students.

In p>1638, when the Puritan priest john harvard died, he left his library and half his property to the school. In memory of Harvard's generous donation, it was renamed Harvard College on March 13th, 1639.

The original Harvard was a place where the early Puritans who came to the North American continent spread their religious ideals, and most of its graduates were engaged in clergy. Harvard was sponsored by the church in its early days. In 1865, the school began to elect a management Committee.

But John Leverett, the first headmaster elected in 178, was not a priest. This has become a turning point for Harvard to get rid of religion and move towards independence.

In p>178, Harvard College was transformed into a university. In the early 19th century, theological seminaries, law schools and medical schools were established.

During his tenure as president from 1869 to 199, Eliot built Harvard from a "provincial" college into a "national" university. During his tenure, law schools and medical schools were reborn, and business schools, dental schools and arts and sciences schools were born. The number of students and donations has increased significantly.

President p>Lawrence Lowell (199~1933) reformed undergraduate teaching, which initiated students to choose courses freely across disciplines. From 1953 to 1971, President Pusey launched the largest fund-raising campaign in American history, and raised $82.5 million for Harvard. Teachers' salaries have been raised, new professorships have been established, and the number of scholarships and school facilities have been increased.

in the past p>3 years, Harvard has experienced 27 presidents. Samos, the current president of Harvard University, was the youngest tenured professor at Harvard, teaching political economy. Later, he left Harvard and became the US Treasury Secretary. In 21, he competed with former Vice President Al Gore for the post of President of Harvard. Finally, Harvard chose Samos

Yale University is one of the oldest private universities in American history. It was founded in Gillingwood, Connecticut, USA in 171, the hometown of the first president, Bies, and was originally called the Church College.

In p>1716, the missionary college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, and in 1718, it was named Yale College after the school donor Yale. Yale donated 9 packages of goods and 417 books, as well as a portrait of King George I of England and some of his weapons. In 1887, Yale College was renamed Yale University.

In p>1846, Yale University opened a postgraduate course, and the graduate school was established the following year. In 1865, the Art Institute was established. Since then, schools of music, forestry, nursing, drama, management and architecture have been established one after another.

in p>1861, Yale university awarded the first batch of doctoral degrees in north America. In 1876, Yale became the first American university to confer a doctorate on blacks. In 1892, the first batch of female doctoral students entered Yale University. However, it was not until 1969 that Yale University really became a co-educational university.

Yale is as famous as Harvard and Princeton University. Over the years, * * * has competed for the top three positions in American universities and graduate schools, and its faculty lineup, curriculum arrangement and teaching facilities are first-class. Beautiful Goethe-style architecture, Georgian-style architecture and modern architecture reflect each other, embellishing the whole campus very classically and beautifully. The autumn campus is full of golden and dark red leaves, and the sun shines obliquely on the quaint towering buildings built of yellow-brown boulders, which makes every Yale student deeply attached to her.

Yale's fame, its beauty and solemnity, and the solemn sense of history when standing in the center of the campus and looking around at sunset attract outstanding students from all over the world ...

Yale University was originally established as a small church school aimed at training clergy, from a principal, a teacher, a student and a school building at that time to today, more than 3 years later, the campus covers an area of 123 hectares. There are also 28 hectares of golf courses and nature reserves.

Cornell University was founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell. Among all the "Ivy League schools", Cornell is the shortest one in history, and at the same time it is the largest one. It has more than 13, undergraduates, far ahead of other "Ivy League schools", which reminds people of the old saying that "all rivers return to the sea and tolerance is great".

Cornell University is located in a small town near new york, with beautiful scenery and broad momentum. Cornell's campus is located at the top of the mountain. Looking out from the window of the library, I can only see the vast expanse of gray and vast weather. The campus covers an area of more than 3, acres, showing a grand attitude compared with the typical crowded universities in the northeastern United States.

Compared with other completely private "Ivy League schools", Cornell University's system is also unique. It is a "public-private partnership" university. Among the seven colleges, the College of Agriculture and Biology, the College of Human Environment and the College of Industrial and Labor Relations are public colleges under the jurisdiction of the New York State Government. The other four colleges: Art Science College, Architecture Art and Planning College, Engineering College and Hotel Management College are private. Cornell University combines the advantages of public and private colleges and welcomes students from all directions with open arms.

Cornell's School of Hotel Management is second to none in the United States. In order to train and study, Nair set up his own hotel. The Agricultural College is also one of the best universities of its kind in China. Many students who come out of it have entered the Veterinary College for further study, pursuing master's and doctor's degrees. In addition, Cornell also has the Cornell National Supercomputer Center, which costs $35 million.

The school color of Cornell University is scarlet, bright and enthusiastic. The purpose of Cornell Sr. when he founded this university was to "let anyone learn what they want to learn here". It seems that anyone's youth can burn here in Cornell.

Cornell University has influenced the whole American higher education with its innovative spirit almost since its birth, and has also cultivated many influential figures for countries all over the world, such as Hu Shi, Mao Yisheng, Zhao Yuanren, Ren Hongjuan, Yang Xingfo, Dai Fanglan, Tang Yue, Zou Bingwen, Zhang Xinyi, Jin Shanbao, Zeng Wei, Tang Zhenxu, Zhao Zukang, Tan Gaosheng and other celebrities in China.

Up to 1983, 18 graduates of this school have successively won the Nobel Prize, including one winner of literature prize, one winner of peace prize, six winners of physics prize, five winners of chemistry prize and five winners of medicine and biology prize. Wells Bedell, who graduated from Cornell University (doctor's degree) in 1931, was a famous geneticist, won the Nobel Prize, and was once the president of the University of Chicago.

Columbia University is located in the center of new york. It was founded in 1754 and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 24. At the beginning, there was only one classroom, one professor and eight students. Now, she is one of the eight famous Ivy League schools, with 23,65 students. Because it occupies the best geographical position in new york, many students come here.

At present, Columbia University has 16 colleges, and its comprehensive academic ranking has always been among the best. Its medicine, law and MBA are also outstanding, and it also enjoys an international reputation in natural science subjects such as chemistry, biology, computer and geography. Columbia University MBA course is flexible, and students can study in any semester that starts in January, May and September. Columbia University Graduate School of Education is the world's largest comprehensive graduate school in pedagogy, applied psychology and mental health, and once ranked first in the national graduate school of education. It has many research centers and is one of the best graduate schools in the above-mentioned disciplines in the United States.

In the 25 years since Columbia University was founded, * * * has trained nearly 254, students of all kinds, distributed in 18 countries and regions, including the United States. Many famous people in modern China, such as Hu Shi, Ma Yinchu, Feng Youlan, Wu Wenzao, Song Ziwen, Jin Yuelin, Tang Aoqing and Gu Weijun, all graduated from Columbia University. Alumni of Columbia University also include Dewey, a master of pragmatic philosophy, and Carter, Thorndike and Woodworth, representatives of Colombian psychological school. Two U.S. Supreme Court justices Harlan F. Stone and Charles E. Hughes, as well as American presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt, as well as 14 mayors of new york City and 1 governors of New York State are alumni of Columbia University. In addition, Dwight Eisenhower, the 34th president of the United States, was the 13th president of Columbia University.