High scores kneel for the real questions of previous Hunan two houses exams!

20 10 recruitment examination for civil servants and government functionaries in Hunan province (full version with answers)

Application paper

(Full score 100 minutes, limited time 150 minutes)

Title number

1

2

three

four

Total score

nucleosome

score

I. Matters needing attention

1. The essay examination is a test of candidates' comprehensive analysis of materials, raising and solving problems and their writing skills.

2. Time limit for answering: It is recommended to read the given information for 40 minutes and answer 1 10 minutes.

3. Read the information given carefully and answer in turn according to the "application requirements" put forward later.

4. Please answer in the specified position. The answer on the draft paper or elsewhere is invalid.

Second, the given information

1. The residents of a city still remember a rainstorm a few years ago. It was Saturday, and citizens spent weekends shopping, partying and relaxing in the back cabin of the Internet. The premiere of Zhang Yimou's blockbuster "House of Flying Daggers" was held on this day, and a large number of scalpers were trying their best to make a fortune. However, the sudden rainstorm made people outside panic. In the afternoon 16 or so, the sky suddenly thundered and thundered, and suddenly it rained cats and dogs. The heavy rain in less than two hours paralyzed the urban traffic. The water under the overpass is as deep as 2 meters, and buses and cars have become ships. Similar incidents have occurred in many cities across the country. The phenomenon that municipal construction and urban transformation are not synchronized is still a big problem. Some experts said that the municipal public utilities in most cities in China are not even "healthy" in terms of their proper functions.

As of April 2009, the central government's investment of 4 trillion yuan has driven local investment to exceed 30 trillion yuan. From 4 trillion to more than 30 trillion, what areas have these investments to ensure economic growth flowed to? According to the data, infrastructure such as railways, highways and aviation, energy and livelihood projects such as medical reform and housing security are the main flows of investment. For example, a city invested 6 billion yuan, mainly for rail transit, small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture, of which 2 billion yuan was used for land acquisition and demolition of high-speed rail. A province has allocated 9 billion yuan, mainly for affordable housing, rural people's livelihood and infrastructure, and major infrastructure construction. A province has invested 330 billion yuan, mainly in 1000 billion basic network project, 1000 billion industrial upgrading project and 1000 billion Huimin project. Huimin project mainly refers to the provision of basic service facilities such as education, medical care, culture and sports. However, some experts pointed out that all localities seem to lack attention to urban public utilities, and China is still in the stage of relatively insufficient municipal facilities and rapid growth in demand for municipal facilities. Although part of the investment is used for urban public utilities, the proportion is small and the scale is not large enough to reflect the important role of urban public utilities in promoting economic growth. The expert who has been studying urban public utilities for a long time said that urban public utilities are pioneering, basic and public welfare, and need more attention. Municipal utilities include municipal facilities construction in eight aspects: urban water supply, central heating, garbage disposal, municipal roads and bridges, public transportation, landscaping, sewage treatment and pipeline gas. In urban infrastructure, urban public utilities are an important part of the national economy. In the early days of reform and opening-up, emphasis was placed on attracting investment and developing the economy, and on improving the investment environment. With roads and bridges, communications, water, electricity, gas and heat facilities, investors are willing to invest. Without them, no one wants to invest. Municipal public utilities play a leading and basic role in economic development. As the carrier of urban social and economic activities, urban infrastructure construction has attracted more and more attention. It is of great significance to build and manage urban municipal public facilities and guide people to consciously care for and maintain these facilities, so as to promote the stable and healthy development of urban economy, improve the function and quality of cities and promote urban modernization.

2. According to statistics, the investment in fixed assets of urban municipal facilities in China is about 1 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 2% of the national GDP. An expert pointed out that because the construction tasks of urban roads, water supply, gas, sewage treatment and garbage disposal are still arduous, on the basis of the current investment scale, it is hard to say that the investment will expand by 1 times, reaching the scale of 2 trillion yuan. China's urbanization process is still in a rapid rising stage, and it is obviously difficult to fill the funding gap of public utilities only by a single government financial input. The supply of public utilities has seriously lagged behind the needs of society and has become the bottleneck of economic take-off. Therefore, we must broaden the financing channels and establish a multi-channel and diversified urban municipal investment and financing mechanism. This requires further opening up the market and actively promoting the market-oriented reform of urban public facilities. At present, China's urban population exceeds 500 million, and in the next 20 years, it will reach more than 900 million, which will bring huge market demand for urban public utilities. For investors, it is also a huge investment market. In the middle and late 1990s, some places in China have begun to explore the market-oriented road of municipal public utilities, and some urban institutions that eat imperial grain have also begun to wean themselves. In February 2002, the former Ministry of Construction issued "Opinions on Accelerating the Marketization of Municipal Public Utilities" to encourage social funds and foreign capital to participate in the construction of municipal public utilities. In the process of gradual liberalization of municipal public utilities, more and more social capital has entered. According to the statistics of a southern province, 40% of the property rights of urban public transport, 50% of urban water supply and 80% of urban gas have been transferred to private capital or foreign capital.

Since 2002, some world-renowned large-scale foreign-funded water groups have started to enter China to acquire water plants with huge funds. The acquisition of these multinational companies once puzzled Chinese people. For example, in May 2002, Veolia Water Group spent nearly 2 billion yuan to buy 50% of the tap water wage in S city, with a 50-year operation period and an estimated transfer price of 760 million yuan. Veolia's offer was nearly double the estimated price. In August, 2007, the equity transfer project of tap water in Y city was invited for bidding, and Sino-French Water Group won the bid with 895 million yuan, about five times the asset value. Many local governments in China are excited by this premium acquisition method of foreign capital. However, are domestic water plants really that valuable? Some scholars pointed out that foreign premium acquisition means that it will be earned back many times in the future, and the burden will eventually be passed on to the people to varying degrees.

With the advancement of market-oriented reform of municipal public utilities, some unexpected problems began to appear. From June, 5438 to October, 2008, more than 300 buses in a certain city stopped running, which made it difficult for more than 70 tourists in the city to travel. The original intention of the shutdown is that the privatization of public transport is not effective. An insider pointed out that after the documents issued by the former Ministry of Construction, many local governments began to sell water plants, either cooperating with foreign capital or simply selling them. He believes that there is nothing wrong with selling bus lines and water plants, but the basic analysis has not been done thoroughly to consolidate Central Europe. I just think someone will buy it, and the government will have some apprentices, but after the sale, no one will take care of it. This will lose the country and hurt consumers. Many places are not fully prepared before opening the door of municipal public facilities investment. This person said that franchising means that in the municipal public utility industry, the government grants enterprises the right to operate a municipal public utility product or service within a certain time and scope, and the government clarifies the rights and obligations between the government and the franchised enterprise through contractual agreements or other means. Generally, foreign countries should legislate to carry out this kind of business, but China has skipped this procedure, and the policies, regulations, standards, management measures and management capabilities do not match. Some public utilities are doomed to be inefficient, cannot be packaged and sold, and need government investment to get started. We can't leave it all to social capital to operate, let alone make money without management.

3. On July 3, 20091day, L held the "Hearing on the Reform and Adjustment of Urban Water Supply Price". 18 Among the hearing representatives, 17 was in favor of water price adjustment, and only 1 suggested that "it is best not to raise prices". As soon as the news came out, the society was in an uproar. Some websites launched a survey on "How to treat the rising water price in L city", and more than 80% netizens voted against it. On August 4th, L City released a message through the government website, inviting netizens to participate in the symposium on "Water Supply Price Reform and Adjustment". At the meeting, the L Municipal Development and Reform Commission came up with two sets of water price adjustment plans, but no matter which set, the basic water price rose by more than 40%, which made many people feel unacceptable. Some citizens said: "L city is not short of water, why should it rise so high?" Not adjusting the price for six years does not mean that it can be increased by 40% at any time. "

According to statistics, 59 netizens actually attended the meeting, and 39 people spoke in the discussion that lasted for more than three hours. Nine of them are clearly opposed to the price increase. Compared with netizens' surveys, more than 80% of them opposed the increase in water prices, and 16 people at the scene clearly expressed their support for the conditional adjustment of water prices. The main reasons against the price increase are as follows: first, I don't think there is a shortage of water in L city, and there is no need to raise prices; The second is that the accounts of the water group are not transparent enough. The person in charge of water group suggested that the government should establish a new price supervision and examination mechanism in the future. He said that due to the rising water price, some big water users will reduce their water consumption. So what impact will this water price increase have on residents' lives?

The reporter came to an ordinary residential area and visited 74-year-old Grandma Lu and her wife.

Reporter: "Grandma Lu, does your family use less water?"

Lu: "4 tons, 3 tons."

Reporter: "How many people?"

Lu: "Five people"

In Lujia, the reporter saw many pots and barrels. The old man told reporters that these are all used to store water, and the saved water should be used to flush toilets, mop floors and water flowers. In order to save water, the switch of the toilet was specially modified at home. Grandma Lu and her wife together have a little more than 2,000 retirement wages every month, but because her son and daughter-in-law have no income, a family of five mainly rely on this 2,000 yuan, and the tax is more than 9 yuan per month.

Reporter: "If you spend 12/ 13 yuan on water a month, can you afford it?"

Lu: "We are watching carefully, and we care."

Sister Xiao of the neighborhood Committee told the reporter that the residents here basically save water like this. A slight increase in water charges may be possible, but I'm afraid of chain price increases.

In another water-using enterprise in L city, the reporter learned that in recent years, they have carried out water-saving transformation on their equipment, all industrial water can be recycled, and the water utilization rate has reached about 97%.

Although the number of people in L city has not increased, everyone from enterprises to ordinary residents is carefully saving water. This also gives an answer, why L used 500,000 tons of water every day in 1995, but now the city has expanded and the economy has developed, but the daily water consumption has dropped to more than 300,000 tons.

In the document of water price increase in L city, there is a set of shocking figures: the per capita water resources in L city are less than 450 cubic meters, which is about 1/5 of the national per capita water resources and 1/20 of the world water resources, and it belongs to extremely poor water areas. The person in charge of the hydrological department of L city said: "The water in the two nearby reservoirs is basically not the water right of L city, but the transit water, which is the upstream water resource. Even if several rivers flow through L city, the amount of water is not as much as you see. The water surface of the L River you see is wider. In fact, it is because the rubber dam has already stored water. The real water is the little water flowing on the dam. This is the real water. "

4. Since June 5438+February, 2006, the comprehensive water price in Q City has been adjusted. Sewage treatment fee will be raised from 5 yuan/ton to 8 yuan/ton, water price for residents will be raised from 1.3 yuan/ton to 1.55 yuan/ton, and water consumption for special industries will be raised from 2 1 yuan/ton to 28 yuan/ton. Many people think that Q city is located in the south, with abundant rainfall, and there is no need to save water. In fact, this concept is wrong. Mr. Wang, a senior engineer of the planned water-saving office of Q City, said that Q City belongs to a water-deficient area, with the average total water resources for many years of about 654.38+000 billion cubic meters. In 2005, the per capita water resources were 654.38+0330 cubic meters, of which the coastal counties and cities were less than 730 cubic meters, which was a "poor water area". The per capita water resources in China are 2200 cubic meters, and Q city is far below this average level. In addition, 70% of the water resources in Q city are distributed in mountainous areas with small population and low economic level, with a per capita resource of 3595 cubic meters. However, the coastal areas with dense population and developed economy have less water resources. The rainfall in Q city is seasonal and unevenly distributed in time and space. About 60%-80% of the annual rainfall and runoff are concentrated in April-September, especially plum rains and typhoon rainstorms, which are very long in time and quantity and prone to floods. Due to the low ability of intercepting and regulating river runoff, the phenomenon of water abandonment is serious. This kind of water resources is unevenly distributed during the year, resulting in an imbalance between supply and demand of water resources during the year. In addition, the loss into the sea is serious. Due to objective reasons such as cultivated land inundation and migration, it is impossible to build large and medium-sized reservoirs in Xixi Basin, Jinjiang, which is rich in natural inflow. A large amount of water resources directly rushed into the sea, and the water loss accounted for about 30% of the urban water resources prime minister.

An expert listed the main problems existing in water saving in Q city: the awareness of water resources hardship and water saving is not strong; Develop bad water habits for a long time; With the improvement of living standards, water consumption is also increasing, and the waste is more serious; The water price is low, and the proportion of water fee expenditure to distributable income is very small, so it is not painful to use more water; Urban domestic water consumption accounts for about 60% of the total water consumption, and most residents do not realize multi-use of one water, so the water use efficiency is not high; Green water, road water and other public water or pure tap water; Non-water-saving water nozzles, water tanks, toilets and other water appliances still exist in large numbers; The industrial structure needs further adjustment, and the processes and equipment with high water consumption need urgent rectification.

"Low water price is an important reason for excessive consumption and waste of water resources." Experts pointed out that increasing water price 10% will reduce domestic water consumption by 3% ~ 7%. He introduced a study on the elasticity coefficient of water price in big cities. The research shows that every time the water price increases 10%, the water demand will decrease by 3.8%. When the annual income of residents increases by 10%, excluding the influence of water price, the water demand increases by 2.2%. The analysis shows that when the water fee accounts for 1% of family income, the psychological impact is not great; When it accounts for 2%, it begins to pay attention to water quantity; Pay attention to water saving when it accounts for 2.5%; Save water seriously when it accounts for 5%; When it accounts for 10%, consider the reuse of water.

"Saving water and using water efficiently are the fundamental ways to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. The core of water saving is to improve water use efficiency and benefit. Many cities in China have carried out water price reform and achieved remarkable results. The expert gave an example of a city in another province. Since the implementation of ladder water price, the effect of water saving is very obvious. 1 year for 7 months, the water saving rate of government agencies, enterprises and institutions reached 3% ~ 5%, and the water saving rate of residents reached 10% ~ 15%. Zhengmao Community in this city is an old community with 1400 households. Since the implementation of the ladder water price, the monthly water consumption of the whole community has dropped from the previous 1.4 million tons to the present 4,200 tons, and no household in the community has exceeded the first-class water price range 1.2 tons. This year, the population of water users in Yinchuan has increased by nearly 20,000, but the water consumption of residents has decreased by 15%, and the water supply gap has been reduced by more than 1 10,000 tons every day due to water saving.

He thinks that getting rid of bad habits can save 70% water. There are many habits related to wasting water, such as flushing cigarette butts with toilets and breaking garbage; Keep the water flowing when washing hands, face and teeth; The equipment leaked and was not repaired in time ... In addition to good water habits, it is very important and most effective to use water-saving appliances. There are many water-saving appliances, such as water-saving water tanks and water-saving toilets. Everyone saves a little water, every little makes a mickle. It is estimated that 1 Didi can collect 3.6 kilograms of water in 1 hour and 2.6 tons of water in 1 month. When residents buy bathroom products, they should first consider the water-saving function.

"The rising water price has increased the cost of car washing," said the owner of car washing shop C. "This is a big problem for the development of the industry. If the municipal facilities are sufficient, such as laying pipelines in urban areas, the treated reclaimed water can be transported from the sewage treatment plant to the car wash shop for use. As long as the owner agrees, as a merchant, you can save water and water charges. Why not? " Boss Chen believes that this also requires the owners to change their ideas. Because some car owners may think reclaimed water is used sewage and don't want to use it to wash their cars.

The water price reform is also to promote future rainwater collection, sewage regeneration and reclaimed water utilization. The reclaimed water treated by the sewage treatment plant can be reused, for example, it can be used for flushing toilets, washing cars, watering lawns, sprinkling roads and other non-drinking water. Rainwater and reclaimed water have similar functions.

It is reported that in a large residential area developed by a real estate group, there is a sewage backflow area, and all the domestic water for washing, washing vegetables, washing face and bathing of residents in the residential area is concentrated in this place, which is used for watering the green space and washing the road surface. The toilet flushing water is transported to the outdoor septic tank through the pipeline, and then discharged to the sewage treatment plant through the urban sewage pipeline. A person in charge of the group said: "There are many green spaces in the community. If all of them are watered with tap water, it will cause a waste of water resources, and this part of the cost will be shared with the owners of the community, resulting in a lot of shared expenses. " He introduced that the residential area 10 million square meters. When planning, sewage return facilities have been included in the construction cost. Invest 6.5438+0.50 million yuan to build a sewage reflux system, which can treat 654.38+0.50 tons of sewage. At present, there is no statistics, and I don't know whether it is cost-effective, but this practice not only reduces the burden on the owners, but also saves water resources.

According to industry experts, the so-called "reclaimed water" refers to the water that can be reused after the discharged domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are recycled. "Reclaimed water" is named in Japan, and the definition of "reclaimed water" has many explanations. Known as "reclaimed water" in sewage engineering and "reclaimed water" in factories, water quality is generally used as a distinguishing sign. Its water quality is between tap water (water supply) and sewage (sewage) discharged into the pipeline, so it is also called "reclaimed water", which mainly refers to non-drinking water that can be reused in a certain range after urban sewage or domestic sewage has been treated to a certain water quality standard.

Reclaimed water utilization is also called sewage reuse. On the one hand, the reuse of reclaimed water opens up a second water source for urban water supply, which can greatly reduce the consumption of "water supply" (tap water); On the other hand, it solves the water pollution problem caused by "sewage" to a certain extent, thus playing a role in protecting water sources and water quantity.

6. Divide the water price into different steps and implement different prices within different quota ranges, which is the so-called ladder water price. If the water consumption is within the basic quota, the benchmark water price shall be adopted. If the water consumption exceeds the basic quota, the excess will be charged according to another ladder water price standard. Ladder water price can be divided into increasing ladder water price and decreasing ladder water price. Stepped water price means that with the increase of water consumption, the water price is higher; Stepped water price is the opposite, the greater the water consumption, the lower the water price. In the case of water shortage, stepped water price should be adopted. For example, in 2005, a domestic water price plan announced by a big city in the south: if the primary water consumption base is 22 cubic meters or less per household per month, the water fee will be charged according to the basic water price 1.32 yuan/cubic meter; The secondary water consumption base is 23 cubic meters to 30 cubic meters per household per month, and the water fee is charged at 0.5 times of 65438+ basic water price; The three-level water base is the part where the monthly water consumption of each household exceeds 30 cubic meters, and the water fee is charged at twice the basic water price.

The ladder water price shows that the more water is used, the greater the cost. Very suitable for places where water resources are scarce. Although there are some difficulties in implementing the ladder water price, such as infrastructure construction, ladder ratio, how to determine the basic water quantity, etc., they can all be solved through democratic consultation. Ladder water price has obvious advantages, which is conducive to promoting water conservation, allowing users to pay higher prices and promoting water conservation. It is an important tool to manage water resources through economic means and should be used scientifically.

For industrial water users, it should be the focus of implementing ladder water price. First of all, they use a large amount of water. Secondly, the water measuring facilities are relatively complete, and the quantity is relatively small, which is easy to monitor. Therefore, it is very necessary to take it as the focus of implementing the ladder water price in the near future.

7. For many years, in order to provide cheap water resources, the price of water is lower than the cost of water supply. Theoretically, the composition of water price should include water resource value, water engineering cost, water treatment cost and water management cost, as well as sewage treatment cost. In fact, the current water price in China only includes the cost of water engineering and water treatment (a big city in the north also includes the funds raised for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project). Therefore, from the overall situation, it is a common phenomenon that the urban water price is lower than the cost price. The government has different degrees of "hidden subsidies", but the people do not really feel the subsidies.

Due to the increase of water price, water users will pay more attention to water saving and improve their enthusiasm for water saving. If this operation is carried out, it means that water supply enterprises will reduce or even cut off government subsidies, and their main benefits depend on the water market. Of course, this market is a water market under government control, not a water market in a complete sense.

On March 9, 2009, a responsible comrade of the Ministry of Water Resources said that for a long time, the composition of water price was unreasonable and the water price was low, which did not reflect the scarcity of water resources and the cost of water environment treatment, resulting in serious waste of water resources and ineffective treatment of water pollution. Therefore, we must speed up the water price reform and give full play to the role of market mechanism and price leverage. The price department of the National Development and Reform Commission thought that officials said that local governments had the right to raise water prices independently, without the approval or filing of the National Development and Reform Commission. However, judging from the goal of resource price reform, the resource price reform, including water price, will definitely be accelerated in the future, which has been explicitly requested by the the State Council executive meeting.

Answer the request:

First, according to "given material 1 ~ 5", briefly answer the following two questions. (20 points)

1. Try to point out the main contents of municipal public facilities construction and talk about the importance of municipal public facilities. (10)

Requirements: accurate and concise, no more than 150 words.

Topic analysis: The topic of this topic is generalization+importance analysis.

Reference answer: (key)

The construction of municipal public utilities is pioneering, basic and public welfare, including urban water supply, central heating, garbage disposal, municipal transportation, landscaping, sewage treatment and pipeline gas. It is the carrier of urban economic development, and the construction and management of urban municipal public facilities play a leading and basic role in economic development; It is of great significance to promote the stable and healthy development of urban economy, improve urban functions and quality, and promote urban modernization.

2. What do you mean by "even unhealthy" of "given material 1"? What is the cause of the problem? (10)

Requirements: comprehensive, accurate and organized, no more than 100 words.

Topic analysis: This topic is summary+cause analysis.

Reference answer: (key)

In the first reference, "even unhealthy" means that the development of urban municipal utilities is lagging behind and cannot meet the needs of urbanization. The reason for this phenomenon is that local governments do not attach much importance to urban public utilities, and the capital investment in this area is insufficient, with a small proportion and small scale.

Two, assuming that you are a street office staff, please refer to the information given, for the local community publicity column to draw up a water-saving publicity materials (20 points).

Requirements:

1. Reflect the national spirit of saving water resources and explain why water should be saved;

2. Concise and popular, which is conducive to understanding the boss's surname;

3. No more than 400 words.

Topic analysis: This topic is official document countermeasures.

Reference answer: (key)

China is short of water resources, and the distribution is seriously uneven, and the per capita water resources are very small. At present, China's urban residents have a weak awareness of water resources and water conservation, and have long developed bad water use habits; With the improvement of living standards, water consumption increases and the waste is serious; The water price is low, the proportion of water fee expenditure to distributable income is very small, and it is not painful to use a lot of water. Most residents do not realize multi-purpose of one water, and the water use efficiency is not high. There are a large number of non-water-saving water appliances in cities. Therefore, we should vigorously advocate the concept of saving water and using water efficiently. On the one hand, we should actively promote and use water-saving appliances. On the other hand, rainwater collection, sewage regeneration and reclaimed water utilization should be widely carried out.

Three, the development of municipal public utilities in China is facing some problems that need to be solved urgently. A municipal department will draft a plan to promote the reform of public utilities. Please use the given information to point out which problems should be clearly solved in this plan. (20 points)

Requirements:

1. Accurate, comprehensive, clear and targeted;

2. The expression is concise and to the point, no more than 400 words.

Reference answer: (key)

1. Insufficient investment in public utilities, accounting for a small proportion of national economic development and a small scale.

2. In the market-oriented reform of municipal public utilities, foreign-funded enterprises buy at a premium and pass the burden on to ordinary people.

3. Selling municipal public facilities without in-depth preliminary analysis and planning.

4. The law does not clearly stipulate the rights and obligations of operating municipal public facilities, and the policies, regulations, standards and norms, management measures and management capabilities do not match.

5. The government lacks supervision and review of municipal public facilities.

Four, a considerable number of people think that water is a public product or quasi-public product, so water should be cheap. In view of this view, with reference to the given information, write an article to explain the basic ideas of the national water resources price reform. (40 points)

Requirements:

1. Make your own topic, define the center, clarify your point of view, and connect with reality;

2. Full reasoning, complete structure and fluent language;

3. Not less than 800 words.

Reference answer: (key)

Refute the wrong view: although water is a public resource, our current water price is lower than the cost of water supply, which cannot reflect the scarcity of water resources and the cost of water environment management. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the water price reform and give full play to the role of market mechanism and price lever (material 7 authoritative view of a responsible comrade of the Ministry of Water Resources in the third natural paragraph).

This paper expounds the basic idea of national water resources price reform: stepped water price, which is divided into stepped and stepped, and explains that the reason of stepped increase is that the more water consumption, the greater the cost, which is in line with the current situation of scarce water resources in China. This form of price adjustment is conducive to promoting water conservation, making more water pay higher prices and promoting water conservation. It is an important tool to manage water resources through economic means and should be used scientifically.

The importance of national water price reform: first, to promote urban water users to establish the concept of water conservation; The second is to urge industrial water users to carry out water-saving technological transformation; Thirdly, it is one of the measures to improve the efficiency and benefit of water use.