Huguang fills in the history of blood and tears of Sichuan and Sichuan people

"Huguang filling Sichuan" generally refers to the migration of people from Huguang area to Sichuan. Then there will be two questions. First, Bashu has been called the land of abundance since ancient times. Why is the population depressed to the point where mainlanders need immigrants? Second, when did the population immigrate to Sichuan, spontaneously or officially?

Although Sichuan is an inland area, the access to Shu Road is difficult, and it has not been occupied many times in previous wars, but this does not mean that invaders will not attack here. Since the Song and Jin Wars at the earliest, the people of Sichuan have always insisted on resisting gold, and they have achieved great success in both the export of resources and the struggle against gold in this province. Until the fall of Jin, Jin never captured Sichuan. But it was followed by the invasion of Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty. Sichuanese fought against Mongols for nearly half a century. The Mongols once entered Chengdu three times, which caused great damage to Sichuan and paid a great price. Khan, a Mongolian, died in Sichuan and under the fishing city in Sichuan. Years of war have brought great harm to the people of Sichuan. In the history books, it is recorded that "Shu people are miserable, dead and wounded, and there is nothing in a thousand miles." By the early Yuan Dynasty, the population of Sichuan had dropped to one tenth of that of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The whole government of the Yuan Dynasty did not implement any immigration policy towards Sichuan, and Sichuan was basically in a state of half death during the Yuan Dynasty. Until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, anti-Yuan rebels rose all over the country. Among them, the branch of the Red Scarf Army invaded Sichuan and established political power in Sichuan. With the earthquake in Ming Dynasty, not only hundreds of thousands of troops entered Sichuan, but also a large number of farmers who lost their land and fled the war. The arrival of these people has greatly restored the population of Sichuan. Because Ming Yuzhen is from Hubei, and his subordinates and farmers who follow him are mostly from Huguang, this is the first large-scale "Huguang filling Sichuan" in history. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Huguang immigrants flooded into Sichuan, and by the end of the Ming Dynasty, the population of Sichuan had recovered to about 4 million.

Unfortunately, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Sichuan once again ushered in a large-scale war. Zhang, the leader of the rebel army in the late Ming Dynasty, invaded Sichuan to establish political power. His move not only allowed the Nanming court to send troops to destroy him, but also allowed the Qing army to occupy Sichuan. The local landlord armed forces in Sichuan also fiercely resisted him, and at that time the whole Sichuan became a pot of porridge. After Zhang's death, the population of Sichuan has been reduced by half, and then the Qing Dynasty went to war with the rest of Zhang, Wu Sangui invaded Sichuan, and the Qing army fought Wu Sangui. At that time, Chuanchuan was killing people everywhere. The Qing army killed the rebels, Wu Sangui killed the Qing army, and the landlord killed the rebels. Another war that lasted for more than 30 years. By the time the war was finally put out in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the whole of Sichuan had been completely depressed and the population was running out. At this time, the official population of the province was only 90,000.

The official record and implementation of "Huguang filling Sichuan" began in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, the population of Sichuan was depressed, and the land of abundance was so desolate and dilapidated in the eyes of officials sent to Sichuan by the Qing Dynasty. Dedi Zhang, governor of Sichuan at that time, suggested to the Qing court to adopt the method of emigration to restore the vitality of Sichuan. Kangxi also adopted this suggestion, and made it clear to the world that anyone who naturalized in Sichuan would be given Yongtian, and people from Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and other places would be organized to migrate to Sichuan. This is also the time when the phrase "Huguang fills Sichuan" appeared. During this period, the population who immigrated to Sichuan exceeded one million.

After two large-scale immigrants, there are not many real Sichuan natives in Sichuan, but most of them are immigrants, especially Hubei people and Hakkas. The sentence "Huguang fills Sichuan" seems simple, but I don't know how many Sichuanese and Huguang people's bitterness, blood and tears are hidden inside.