Who are the three people in San Qian?

Speaking of "San Qian", a nickname originally given by Comrade Mao Zedong, people will think of three famous scientists in China with awe: Qian Xuesen, Qian Weichang and Qian Sanqiang. San Qian is an outstanding figure in China. In order to support a safe sky for the motherland, they have made outstanding contributions. Under the international background of "strength determines status", they not only bring more sense of security to our country, but also give us a sense of pride of the times.

Qian Xuesen was replaced by an American prisoner of war. The Americans inadvertently released the aviation rocket experts, aerodynamicists, application software scientists and system engineers who were once controlled by them and later called world-famous by the US Deputy Navy. Qian Xuesen's head is really different, as if there is a golden mountain of wisdom hidden inside, and as if there are a bunch of secrets left for tomorrow.

1In August, 935, Qian Xuesen went to the United States to study aviation engineering and aerodynamics as a public student. Before returning to China, he was the director of the supersonic laboratory of California Institute of Technology and the director of the Jet Propulsion Research Center. 1949 Mid-Autumn Festival, the good news of the founding of New China spread to the other side of the ocean. Qian Xuesen and a dozen overseas students from China poured out their hearts while enjoying the moon. On this beautiful day of full moon reunion, Qian Xuesen sprouted the idea of returning to China as soon as possible to serve the motherland. Just as Qian Xuesen was actively preparing to return to China, the Korean War broke out, which set off a crazy counter-current in the United States. Qian Xuesen was suspected of being involved in the case of Weinbaum, secretary of Marxism-Leninism in the college. The US government decided to disqualify him from participating in confidential research and accused him of being an American-made party member and entering the country illegally. Qian Xuesen formally applied to return to China while refuting the accusation of the United States. Just two days before he planned to leave Los Angeles, the immigration suddenly ordered him not to leave the United States, and the customs detained all his luggage. 1On September 6th, 950, Qian Xuesen was illegally detained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which aroused the strong indignation of international students in China. Professor von Carmen, Qian Xuesen's mentor and known as the "father of supersonic flight", finally bailed him out. However, the FBI did not let go of the persecution of Qian Xuesen and tried every means to set up obstacles to prevent him from returning to China. In order to paralyze the American authorities, Qian Xuesen chose "engineering cybernetics" to study. Ironically, at that time, the American authorities were still in the dark about the relationship between engineering cybernetics and military affairs. 1one day in June, 955, Qian Xuesen got rid of the spy's stalking and put a cigarette paper in his letter to his relatives in Belgium. The cigarette paper was addressed to Chen Shutong, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). He urgently asked for instructions to help him return to China as soon as possible through diplomatic channels. Therefore, in the ambassadorial talks between China and the United States, China's Ambassador Wang Bingnan took Qian Xuesen's personal letter and asked the United States to allow Qian Xuesen to return to China by name. After some bargaining, the Chinese and American senators reached an agreement on the premise of exchanging prisoners of war as soon as possible. On September 1955 and September 17, Qian boarded the American "President Cleveland" and returned home. The motherland is also anxiously waiting for the return of this wanderer.

In his prime, Qian Xuesen returned to the motherland, catching up with the research on the strategic direction of air force construction. Faced with the reality that imperialist planes wantonly invade China's airspace, many people think that to build a powerful air force, we must first develop planes. Qian Xuesen proposed to engage in missiles. When this statement came out, all four seats were shocked: the missile was inscrutable, and even the United States and the Soviet Union had just started. How can we be "poor and white"? Qian Xuesen said: "The repeated use of aircraft requires high engine materials, which cannot be solved in a short time in China. The missile is disposable, and the material difficulty is small, mainly relying on the brain. China people are smart and can solve the problems of guidance and automatic control. Academician He Xiuxiu, who listened to Qian's speech with his own eyes, was very excited about the past: "Qian Xuesen is really a great scientist with innovative courage, and his words are very enlightening! "

Sure enough, under Qian Xuesen's research, China missiles came from behind and shined brilliantly. 1962 shot down the mysterious U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance plane of the United States and Chiang Kai-shek, which greatly boosted the national prestige. Now domestic strategic missiles and tactical missiles defend the security of the motherland, and domestic launch vehicles fly into space. We are deeply lucky and proud of Qian Xuesen's innovative thinking.

Qian Weichang, who is engaged in space research with Qian Xuesen at California Institute of Technology, was born in rural Wuxi, Jiangsu. Young Qian Weichang was thin and ragged. He studied intermittently until he graduated from junior high school. After being admitted to Suzhou Middle School, Qian Weichang found that his learning foundation was far behind his classmates. Especially those axioms, laws and derivations in mathematics and physics are like a mess. Qian Weichang is determined to fight. He delved into every topic assiduously and drew inferences from others. In the dead of night, he is still asking the teacher for advice. After three years of hard work, Qian Weichang finally achieved excellent results, but liberal arts is better than science. Qian Weichang has a stubborn spirit, which pot does not open. Among the five universities that passed the exam at the same time, he chose Tsinghua University Physics as his major in science and engineering. Stepping into the Tsinghua campus, Qian Weichang's learning potential was brought into full play. Every morning, the Big Dipper is still hanging in the sky. Qian Weichang has been sitting in the classroom reading, and he won't go back to the dormitory until all the lights are turned off at night. In the past four years, Qian Weichang has completed his studies which took eight years to complete, obtained a bachelor's degree in physics, and obtained a postgraduate degree under the guidance of Professor Wu.

1940, Qian Weichang and two other China students crossed the Pacific Ocean on the Russian "Queen" ship, arrived in Canada, and entered the world-class University of Toronto for further study. The teacher soon fell in love with the studious China student. In his comments on Qian Weichang's master's degree, he chose rare words and praised him as "an amazing good student, an outstanding talent who has not been on campus for many years!" 1942, Qian Weichang received his doctorate in natural science, and his doctoral thesis was published in the first and second volumes of American quarterly of applied mathematics in serial form. He put forward a set of nonlinear equations called "Qian Weichang Equation". 1944, Professor Von Kamen, the world authority on soft science research, invited him to cooperate with the Institute of Aeronautics and Jet Propulsion of California Institute of Technology to study the torsion of thin-walled components. It took Qian Weichang a month to write the article "Twist with Variable Twist Angle", which was called a "classic paper" by Professor Von Carmen. During the seven years of studying abroad, Qian Weichang achieved success again and again with his excellent research ability. What's more amazing is that a research result that he cooperated with Lin Jiaqiao saved London from extinction. During World War II, the Allied forces fought for the German fascists, London was threatened by German rockets, and Churchill turned to the United States for help. Qian Weichang, Lin Jiaqiao and others, based on their own research, put forward countermeasures to shorten the journey when the rocket was disturbed, which effectively deterred German missiles. When Churchill talked about this matter in his memoirs, he was deeply moved and sincerely praised: "American youth is really amazing!" He didn't know that it was the China youth with yellow hair who avoided bad luck. As a result, the legendary story of "Qian Weichang saved London with wisdom" spread like wildfire and became a much-told story in the 20th century.

1946 In May, Qian Weichang returned to China alone in the name of visiting relatives and returned to Shanghai by boat from Los Angeles. He was hired as Professor Tsinghua University, Professor Peking University and Professor yenching university. 1947, someone from the United States brought an invitation to the Qian Weichang family to work and live in the United States, and Qian Weichang clearly filled in "No" and refused.

1In May, 1994, Mr. Qian Weichang came to Shanghai and merged University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Science and Technology and the former Shanghai University to form a new Shanghai University, and served as the lifelong president, the first lifelong president in China.

In San Qian, Qian Sanqiang's college life is full of revolutionary struggles. Qian Sanqiang's father, Qian Xuantong, was the editor of New Youth magazine founded by Chen Duxiu. His revolutionary spirit of anti-imperialism and feudalism had a great influence on Qian Sanqiang. 1935, the invading army entered the customs and threatened Beiping. Japanese imperialism bought traitors and instigated "autonomy of five provinces in North China" in an attempt to turn Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Chahar and Suiyuan into Japanese colonies, and the Chinese nation fell into national subjugation. North China is too big for a quiet desk. 12 16, the party once again led Beiping students to hold demonstrations. Qian Sanqiang, a student in Tsinghua University, also joined the parade. He walked at the head of the line. The reactionary military police set up checkpoints along the road to block the implementation team. Qian Sanqiang and several burly classmates knocked down a closed gate with wooden hands, and the military police on the rostrum threw stones at the students in an attempt to disperse the law enforcement team. The Popper motorcade moved on, and the military police waved batons and broadswords. The biting water from the faucet soaked the thin cotton-padded clothes and the blood dyed the frozen soil red. Qian Sanqiang helped the injured students evacuate. Since then, Qian Sanqiang has been the backbone of the student movement, showing outstanding organizational skills. From 65438 to 0936, after graduating from Tsinghua University, Qian Sanqiang went to France to study abroad. Under the guidance of the famous Madame Curie, he studied atomic energy and nuclear physics at the Institute of Radium Studies of the University of Paris. 10 years later, Qian Sanqiang returned to China, presided over the establishment of China Institute of Atomic Energy and served as the president, presided over and manufactured the first nuclear device in the Republic of China-the atomic energy reactor. An accidental accident made Qian Sanqiang furious: "We should not only learn science, but also learn management." Since then, this famous scientist at home and abroad has devoted the rest of his life to the work of China Nuclear Science Organization. Qian Sanqiang's understanding of people and responsibility lies in his bold use of 26-year-old Deng Jiaxian as the chief designer of China's first atomic bomb. As Dr. Yang Zhenning, an old classmate of Deng Jiaxian, a Nobel Prize winner and a famous physicist, said, "Qian Sanqiang's unique wisdom and extraordinary organizational ability contributed to the success of China's atomic bombing."

Great, San Qian! Their patriotism, fighting spirit and wisdom will always shine and inspire the people of China.