How is the South-to-North Water Transfer Project successful? Isn't China low in the south and high in the north?

China is high in the west and low in the east. But this great project not only depends on the terrain, but also needs accurate scientific calculation and various important technologies to succeed.

Take the mid-line project as an example, among which several important projects are:

1, Yellow River Crossing Project

The Yellow River crossing project is a key project for the main canal of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project to cross the Yellow River, and it is also a controlling project for the total construction period of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The Yellow River crossing project is located in Xingyang City, about 30km west of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, with a total length of19.30km..

The Yellow River crossing project consists of north and south bank channels, south bank water intake buildings, import buildings, yellow river crossing tunnels, export buildings, north bank new and old Manghe River crossing project and Gubaizui control diversion project. The tunnel crossing the Yellow River is 4.25km long, and the two tunnels are arranged in parallel, with an inner diameter of 7.0m, which is constructed by shield method. ?

In order to adapt to the characteristics of wandering rivers in the Yellow River and the muddy foundation conditions, the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project creatively designed two 4250-meter-long tunnels with internal and external lining.

The inner diameter of the tunnel is 7m, the outer layer is 0.4m thick assembled segment structure lining, and the inner layer is 0.45m thick reinforced concrete prestressed lining. The two inner liners are separated by a permeable cushion, and the inner and outer liners bear the pressure of internal and external water respectively. This structural form is a precedent at home and abroad, and it is also the first shield crossing project in China. ?

The Yellow River Tunnel is the largest crossing building in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, with the longest single construction period, the highest technical content and the most complicated construction. The Yellow River crossing project started construction on September 27th, 2005, which lasted for 9 years. The designed flow rate is 265 cubic meters per second, and the increased flow rate is 320 cubic meters per second. ?

2. Water conveyance shaft

The water conveyance shaft of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is located in Wangcun, about 30 kilometers west of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. Its task is to transport the Yangtze River water from the south bank of the Yellow River to the north bank of the Yellow River and supply water to the area north of the Yellow River. At the same time, it can replenish water to the Yellow River camera when there is enough water.

The project started on September 27th, 2005. The shaft on the north bank of the project is a large cylindrical structure, which is built in the medium-fine sand highly permeable stratum in the Yellow River beach area, with an inner diameter of16.4m and a well depth of 50.5m.. ..

The designed flow rate is 265 cubic meters per second, and the increased flow rate is 320 cubic meters per second. The shaft wall is a double-layer structure, and the outer layer is an underground continuous wall with a thickness of1.5m and a depth of 76.6m.. The inner layer is 0.8m thick cast-in-place reinforced concrete lining, which is constructed by top-down method. The scale of foundation pit engineering, the depth of excavation, the complexity of geological conditions and the high difficulty of work all rank among the top in China.

3. Water conveyance tunnel

There are two 4-meter-inner-diameter pressurized water conveyance tunnels in the buried culvert project of the West Fourth Ring Road in Beijing section of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which pass through Beijing Wukesong subway station. This is the first time in the world that a large-diameter shallow-buried underground excavation pressure water conveyance tunnel passes through the lower part of an operating underground station, setting a record that the distance between the top of the buried culvert structure and the subway structure is only 3.67m, and the maximum settlement of the subway structure is less than 3mm?

4. u-shaped aqueduct

Both the Turbulent River Aqueduct and Shahe Aqueduct in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project are three-way prestressed U-shaped aqueducts with an inner diameter of 9 meters, a single span of 40 meters and a maximum flow of 420 cubic meters per second. The aqueduct is cast in situ by trencher, and its inner diameter, single span and maximum flow rate are the highest in the world. ?

Step 5 relocate

The Danjiangkou Dam of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project needs to relocate 345,000 people due to heightening, and the relocation and resettlement tasks mainly focus on 20 10.

20 1 1 year completed, of which 20 1 1 year moved190,000 people. The annual relocation intensity, that is, the relocated population, has set a historical record in China and even the world, which is unprecedented in the history of water conservancy migration in the world.

Hubei and Henan provinces involved in relocation have set up relocation and resettlement headquarters, and relevant provincial units have set up Baoxian Working Group. The cadres of Baoxian, Baoxiang and Baocun in the city have formed a working pattern with linkage from top to bottom, clear responsibilities, strong command and efficient operation, and the conditions for housing, transportation, medical care and education of the relocated people have been significantly improved.

6, dam heightening

The dam heightening project of Danjiangkou Water Control Project is a control project of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

The dam is the first dam designed and built by itself after the founding of New China. Located about 800 meters downstream of the intersection of the main stream of Hanjiang River and the tributary Danjiangkou River in danjiangkou city, Hubei Province, it controls the drainage area of 95,200 square kilometers, and the average annual runoff above Danjiangkou dam site is 38.8 billion cubic meters. It has comprehensive functions such as flood control, power generation, irrigation, shipping and aquaculture. The initial project started in September 1958 and was completed in June 1973.

Danjiangkou water control project consists of dams, ship lifts, hydropower stations and other buildings. In the early stage of the project construction, the requirements of dam heightening in the later stage have been considered, and a riverbed concrete dam with an elevation below 100 m was built according to the normal water level 170 m, which created favorable conditions for dam heightening.

The heightening project of Danjiangkou Dam is based on the initial project of Danjiangkou Water Control Project.

The preliminary work of Danjiangkou dam heightening project began on June 5, 2005, and the groundbreaking ceremony of dam heightening project was held on September 26. On August 29th, 20 13, the heightening project successfully passed the water storage acceptance.

The water level of Danjiangkou Reservoir is increased from157m to170m, and the total storage capacity is increased by110.60 billion cubic meters, which can ensure the balanced northward diversion for many years and realize the purpose of providing reliable, stable and clean water sources in northern areas such as Xiang Jing, Tianjin, Henan and Hebei. ?

Extended data:

Social significance of South-to-North Water Transfer Project;

1 to solve the water shortage problem in the north;

2. Increase the carrying capacity of water resources and improve the efficiency of resource allocation;

3. Make northern China a water-saving and pollution-proof society with reasonable allocation of water resources and good water environment;

4. It is beneficial to alleviate the restriction of water shortage on the urbanization development in the northern region and promote the local urbanization process;

5. Ensure the perennial navigable water source of Jining-Xuzhou section of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. The two major commodity grain bases in western Shandong and northern Jiangsu have been consolidated and developed.

Economic significance of South-to-North Water Transfer Project;

1, providing guarantee for the economic development in the north;

2. Optimize the industrial structure and promote the strategic adjustment of the economic structure;

3. Improve the potential productivity and form economic growth by improving water resources conditions;

4. Expand domestic demand, promote harmonious development and increase GDP.

Ecological significance of South-to-North Water Transfer Project;

1, improve the ecological environment in Huang-Huai-Hai area;

2. Improve the quality of local drinking water in the north, and effectively solve the groundwater quality problems caused by natural reasons in some parts of the north, such as high fluorine water, brackish water and other water sources containing substances harmful to human health;

3. It is beneficial to replenish groundwater in the north and protect local wetlands and biodiversity;

4. Improve the environment deteriorated by water shortage in the north;

5. Greatly improve the ecological environment conditions in the northern region, especially the water resources conditions.

Baidu Encyclopedia-South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Baidu Encyclopedia-Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project