Which dynasty does Chifeng belong to in history?

Chifeng City is located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. It is the birthplace of Hongshan Culture and one of the four league cities in eastern Mongolia. It was originally called "Zhaowuda League". When the alliance was withdrawn and the city was established in the early 1980s, There are ocher-red peaks in the northeast of the city, and it was renamed Chifeng City. The city has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 counties and 7 banners, namely: Hongshan District, Songshan District, Yuanbaoshan District, Linxi County, Ningcheng County, Aruhorqin Banner, Bahrain Left Banner, Bahrain Right Banner, Keshiketeng Banner, and Wengniu Banner. Te Banner, Harqin Banner, Aohan Banner. Chifeng in the Pre-Qin Period

According to the Hongshan Cultural Relics discovered in the Xilamulun River and Laoha River basins, human activities were present in the Chifeng area as early as the Neolithic Cultural Period, and people created here Excellent history and culture, among which the Hongshan Jade Dragon is a cultural masterpiece of the Neolithic period.

About the 3rd century BC, in today's Hetao area and Daqingshan area of ??Inner Mongolia, there was a nomadic people who lived in the grass and grass according to the drums of the seasons. They were a huge headache for the Central Plains dynasty. The helpless Huns. The Central Plains Dynasty could not bear the harassment of the Huns, but they could not catch up or defeat them, so they gave them a deeply derogatory name during the Qin and Han Dynasties: Hu. It means someone who does not follow the rules. But the Huns didn't think so. Their explanation for this was: "There are big Han people in the south and strong barbarians in the north. The barbarians are the proud sons of heaven!" (See "Hanshu Biography of the Xiongnu")

There is also a powerful nomadic tribe in the east of the Xiongnu tribe. The Central Plains Dynasty also gave them a name: Donghu! Since the Donghu people are also nomadic people and will not settle down in a certain place for a long time like the Han people, the location of the Donghu people's royal court is still relatively vague. During the Warring States Period, the Yan general Qin Kai defeated Donghu, and the Yan State established "Youbeiping County" in Donghu's sphere of influence (southwest of today's Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia). It was most likely at this time that the Donghu people came to the Laoha River and The Xilamulun River Basin is today's Chifeng area. According to the analysis of the Donghu tombs excavated in the Laoha River and Xilamulun River basins, today's Chifeng area is the main activity range of the Donghu.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Xiongnu tribe led by Modun Shanyu began to rise. The powerful Donghu tribe frequently asked Modun Shanyu for BMWs and beautiful women. In order to paralyze the Donghu people, Maodun Shanyu met Donghu's demands one by one. Finally, Maodun Shanyu took advantage of King Donghu's underestimation and mobilized the whole country to attack the Donghu tribe. King Donghu was killed and the Donghu tribe alliance collapsed. The defeated Donghu people retreated in two groups. One group retreated to the Wuhuan Mountains (today's Alukorqin, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia) and called themselves "Wuhuan". The other group retreated to the Xianbei Mountains (today's central and northern Daxingan Mountains) and called themselves "Xianbei". Regardless of whether they are the Xianbei Tribe or the Wuhuan Tribe, they are actually not too far from the Laoha River and Xilamulun River Basin, so they are still within the Xiongnu's sphere of influence, but at this time the Xianbei Tribe and the Wuhuan Tribe They simply did not have the ability to compete with the Huns, and there was no need for the Huns to drive them all out. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, the Han general Huo Qubing defeated the Xiongnu, forcing the Xiongnu Chanyu to move the royal court to the distant Mobei. In order to prevent Wuhuan from continuing to provide troops to the Xiongnu, Huo Qubing moved the Wuhuan tribe to five counties on the border of the Han Dynasty, including the Youbeiping County southwest of present-day Ningcheng County in Inner Mongolia as we mentioned above. The Wuhuan people finally returned to their ancestral land, the Laoha River and Xila Mulun River basins. Therefore, the Chifeng area at this time was already within the sphere of influence of the Western Han Dynasty.

During the New Deal period of Wang Mang, he took back the coinage power that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had returned to the central government after a hard struggle, and easily returned it to the county. He built the China National Monument in Heicheng, Dianzi Township, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City today. The largest county-state money-making base in the north, where the Daquan Fifty" and "Xiaoquan Zhiyi" circulating coins came from here. Wang Mang also ordered the Wuhuan tribe not to pay the leather and cloth tax to the Xiongnu, and took the initiative to send troops to attack the Xiongnu. It was pitiful. The weak Wuhuan tribe was no match for the Xiongnu. In desperation, the Wuhuan tribe had to surrender to the Xiongnu.

In the 22nd year of Liu Xiu's reign, civil strife and locust plagues occurred in the Xiongnu, and the Wuhuan tribe surrendered to the Xiongnu. So to add insult to injury, they concentrated their forces to attack the Xiongnu, forcing the Xiongnu to move further west. The Wuhuan tribe subsequently surrendered to the Eastern Han Dynasty and moved to the lower reaches of the Daling River, northern Hebei, central and northern Shanxi, southern Inner Mongolia and the Ordos grassland. , acted as the guardian of the Han Dynasty's borders, and the Xianbei people distributed in the Xianbei Mountains took advantage of the situation and came to the hometown of Wuhuan, the Laoha River and the Xilamulun River Basin.

Therefore, at this time, the Chifeng area entered the Xianbei people's sphere of influence.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, all the heroes from the Central Plains came together. Wuhuan also wanted to get a share of the pie, so he formed an alliance with Yuan Shao who occupied Youzhou. In order to solve the worries of advancing southward and westward, Cao Cao made careful preparations and defeated Wuhuan in Bailang Mountain (in today's Kalaqin Left Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning) in the twelfth year of Jian'an (AD 207). Wuhuan's 200,000 troops were all captured, and the Yuan brothers fled to Liaodong.

The civil strife in the Central Plains and the disintegration of the Wuhuan tribe provided the Xianbei tribe with strong development opportunities. The Duan tribe, the Murong tribe and the Yuwen tribe rose up successively. A tent was established in Mengchuan (now northwest of Chaoyang, Liaoning), and today's Chifeng area has become the center of the activities of the Xianbei Ministry of Education and Culture.

The other two forces of the Yuwen tribe, Kumoxi and Khitan, were defeated by the Qianyan of the Murong clan of Xianbei, and they fled together to the pine desert in the Keshten Banner area of ??Chifeng City today. After the Xianbei Tuoba clan established the Northern Wei Dynasty, in order to eliminate the threats of Kumoxi and Khitan, they sent troops to the Xilamulun River in 388 AD and forcibly dismembered Kumoxi and Khitan. Kumoxi was resettled to the west of Songmo, and the Khitan They were placed in the eastern part of Songmo, namely the Laoha River and Xilamulun River basins. The Khitan people who were nomadic in the Xilamulun River and Laoha River basins gradually developed and expanded into eight tribes from the original two tribes of Qingniu and Baima. Today, Haierjin Mountain (called Muye Mountain in Liao Dynasty) in the eastern part of Wengniute Banner in Chifeng City ) became the holy place where the Khitan nation originated. Therefore, today's Chifeng area became the political center of the Khitan people at that time, and it continued until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty (when the Tang Dynasty was in its prime, the Khitan was subordinate to the Tang Dynasty). Dongzhen became the Linhuang Mansion of the Khitans, and Ningcheng County in Chifeng City became the Dading Mansion of the Khitan people. During the Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties

After the Jurchens captured Tokyo in the Liao Dynasty, Linhuang Mansion in Shangjing of the Liao Dynasty was also occupied by the Jin people. After the construction of Jin Shangjing Huining Mansion, the title of Shangjing Linhuang Mansion was canceled and renamed Linhuang Mansion, and Linhuang Mansion was placed on Beijing Road. From then on, the hinterland of the Liao Kingdom, which was once flourishing, lost its former political center position. Therefore, the Chifeng area at this time became within the Jurchens' sphere of influence.

After Genghis Khan established the Great Mongol Empire, in order to commend the achievements of Texue Chan of the Hongjira family (who was also Genghis Khan’s father-in-law), his grandson Diao Abula was granted the title of King of Lu and was enfeoffed to Chifeng. Yingchang City was built on the west bank of Dali Lake in the northwest of Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City, and was used as a residence for King Lu and the eldest princess of Lu for generations. It was not until the seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty that Ming general Li Wenzhong conquered Gaozhou (today's Fengshuigou Town in Yuanbaoshan District), Daning (today's Daming Town in Ningcheng County), Dashiya (today's Hongshan District in Chifeng County), and entered Zhanmao Mountain (today's Bahrain Right Banner). Northwest of Dushikou Sumu), the last king of Lu in the Yuan Dynasty died, and the Chifeng area returned to the hands of the Central Plains Dynasty.

After Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty retreated to Mobei, the exile regime of the Northern Yuan Dynasty lost its control over the Central Plains. In order to attract the attachment of other Mongolian feudal lords, the Ming Dynasty established Yingchang Guard (now Darhan Sumu, Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City) and Fuyu Guard (now in Heicheng Village, Dianzi Township, Ningcheng City) in what is now eastern Inner Mongolia. , Taining Guard (near today's Taonan, Jilin Province), Duoyan Guard (today's Xing'an League Zhalaite Banner area), Fuyu Guard (today's left bank of Nenjiang River, Heilongjiang Qiqihar area). Forced by the military threat of the Ming Dynasty, Aza Shili, a descendant of Orchijin, the younger brother of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, who was nomadic in the Nenjiang River Basin, surrendered to the Ming Dynasty and became the commander of Taiweining.

At the same time, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang conferred the title of Prince Ning on his seventeenth son Zhu Quan and stationed him in Daning City (today's Daming Town, Ningcheng County) to protect the stability of the border.

In 1546, the Mongol Khan Kuden Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty led his troops from the Ergun River Basin, the ancestral land of Mongolia, across the Greater Khingan Mountains to the south in order to avoid the attack of his uncle Ada Khan. Genghis Khan's brother Hasar, the 14th Sun Kuimengk Hastala, who went south, and the leader of the left wing of Khalkha, Hula Haci, both divided up Taining, Duoyan, and Fuyu. The descendants of the Ochijin family had no choice but to go south to the Huangshui River and move to the Xilamulun River Basin, approaching the border of the Ming Dynasty to station herders. Therefore, the Chifeng area at this time was still within the sphere of influence of the Ming Dynasty. The late Ming Dynasty and the Manchu Qing Dynasty

In the late Ming Dynasty, the feudal separatism in the Northern Yuan Dynasty intensified. It was during this period that the modern Mongolian tribes basically took shape. With the rapid rise of the Jurchen tribe Nurhaci and the recognition of the historical power of the Mongols, in order to achieve the goal of taking over the Central Plains, the neighboring Mongolian tribes must first be conquered and won over to make the Mongolian region a reliable rear area.

Nurhaci used marriage and alliances to win over the neighboring Horqin Tribe and the Zalut Banner, Alukorqin Tribe, and Wengniute Tribe, and gradually disintegrated Lin Dan Khan's military strength.

After Lin Dan Khan’s death, Huang Taiji fully took over Lin Dan Khan’s rule in Mongolia. The Chifeng area, as Lin Dan Khan’s base camp, was redefined and adjusted. Around 1636, the Chifeng banners were included in the New pastures and territories were designated for the Forty-nine Mongolian Banners in Monan.

Let’s take a look at the situation in each banner and county in Chifeng: Aruhorqin Banner: The first Zasak was Mu Zhang, the great-grandson of Bagon, the 14th grandson of Genghis Khan’s younger brother Hasar, who was granted the title of Shanbeizi. , the territory is today's Aruhorqin Banner; Wengniute Banner: Genghis Khan's brother Temuge's 14th grandson Sundu Leng was named the county king, and he was in charge of Wengniute Right Banner, which is approximately equivalent to Songshan District, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia The whole territory, part of Hongshan District of Chifeng City, and part of Hebei Weichang; his younger brother Dongdaiqing was named Baylor and held the Wengniute Zuo Banner. After Chifeng City was separated from Wengniute Right Banner, Wengniute Right Banner and Wengniute Left Banner merged to form today's Wengniute Banner; Aohan Banner: Aohan Banner is one of the eight Otuokes in Chahar. A direct descendant of Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan, Daiqing Duling, the founder of the Aohan Banner, was the 19th grandson of Genghis Khan, and his grandson's classmate was the first Zasak. His territory was in today's Aohan Banner; Bahrain Right Banner: Bahrain Department It is a direct descendant of Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. Its ancestor Sebuteng was the 21st grandson of Genghis Khan. He was granted the title of Duke of Zhasak and married Princess Gulun Shuhui, who was born to Empress Xiaozhuang Wen. It is on display in Chifeng today. The golden nanmu ashes urn from the Qing Dynasty in the city museum is the ashes of Princess Gu Lun Shuhui; Bahrain Left Banner: Bahrain is a direct descendant of Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan, and its ancestor Manzhu Xili is the 21st grandson of Genghis Khan. Also a cousin of Sebuteng, Fenggushanbeizi; Karaqin Banner: Karaqin Banner is the fiefdom of the descendants of Genghis Khan's hero Zhe Lemei. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were Karaqin Left Banner, Karaqin Middle Banner, and Karaqin Middle Banner. The Karaqin Right Banner belongs to the Zhuosuo Tu League. After the withdrawal of the Zhuosuotu League, the Karaqin Left Banner was changed to the Karaqin Left Mongolian Autonomous County (Kazuo County), which was affiliated with Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province; the Karaqin Middle Banner was changed to Ningcheng County; the Karaqin Right Banner was Today's Haraqin Banner belongs to Chifeng City together with Ningcheng County. Keshiketeng Banner: The Keshiketeng tribe is the direct descendant of Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. Its ancestor is the 20th grandson of Genghis Khan. He was awarded the title of Zhasak first-class Taiji. There is the Keshiketeng Stone Formation in the territory. and Ulan Butong Prairie.