History of Gong Zao

1. What is the historical origin of red dates in Qingjian

The cultivation of red dates in Qingjian County has a history of four thousand years, as evidenced by the thousand-year-old date forest in Wangsuli Village, Laoshe Ancient Township.

Qingjian County is located in the center of the Yellow River red date production area. It is a recognized red date eugenics area and is mainly distributed along the Yellow River and Wuding River in the county. According to statistics in 2002, the red date cultivation area reached 395,000 acres, with an annual output of more than 56,000 tons of red dates, creating an output value of 168 million yuan.

Qingjian Goutou Red Dates are large in size, with thin skin, thick flesh, small core, sweet and refreshing taste, and the content of soluble sugar, vitamins, starch, etc. is much higher than other places. In 1995, it was named "Hometown of Chinese Red Dates" by the Sixth Department of the Ministry of Agriculture.

As early as 1968, compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao wrote a letter to the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao Zedong, specifying that they wanted to eat "red dates from Qingjian in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region of the motherland", which became a good talk for a while.

2. Does anyone know the historical origin of Neihuang jujube?

Neihuang is a major agricultural county in my country, a national ecological demonstration county, a technologically advanced county, and the nationally named "Chinese red jujube." "Township", with its long history, splendid culture, outstanding people and natural treasures, is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization and is known as: "the hometown of Chinese red dates, the holy land of Chinese roots, and the ecological home of Zhongzhou".

Neihuang is located on the old course of the Yellow River in northern Henan. It has a long history of red date cultivation. There were large areas of jujube forests as early as 1,500 years ago. It is a tribute from emperors of all dynasties.

Neihuang County is known as the "Jujube Town", with a planting area of ??450,000 acres, more than 6 million jujubes, and an annual output of 120 million kilograms of fresh jujubes, ranking first in the country in area output. There are currently 51 varieties, of which the yield of flat nucleic acid is the largest. The inner yellow jujube is rich in nutrients and is rich in fruit acid, eighteen kinds of amino acids, multiple vitamins and trace elements. The fruit acid content is 1.13%, which is the average content of jujube fruits. The vitamin C content of jujube is 10 times that of citrus and 75 times that of apples. It especially contains bioactive substances such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Jujube has long been praised by ancient medicine as a high-grade nourishing fruit. Also proven by modern medicine.

It is a veritable "King of Fruits". It is sweet and sour when eaten fresh, and sweet and fragrant when eaten dry. It has the reputation of "natural vitamin pill". There has been a proverb in our country since ancient times: "Three dates a day, you will never grow old". It is a good health food and a tribute to emperors of all ages.

When it was exhibited at the Panama International Exposition in 1915, it received enthusiastic acclaim and was known as the "Oriental Agate". Yellow inside and yellow inside, it is a holy place for Chinese people to find their roots and worship their ancestors, a virgin land for literati and poets to touch the origins of culture and enlighten their telepathy, and an ideal place for the urban upstarts to advocate nature, indulge their mood, and return to nature.

At present, Neihuang County serves as the standardization demonstration base for pollution-free red dates in Henan Province, and the red dates produced have become "green fruits" that meet pollution-free standards. In the thousand-year history of the Inner Yellow River, from the ancient feeding of food to the later planting, from the ancient food for the king to the greeting gifts of the princes, and even to the Confucian "three rites" (i.e. funeral, funeral, and sacrifice) supplies, Ming and Qing dynasties During the period, jujube was used as a royal offering, and in later generations, people consciously planted it on a large scale with economic development. As a fruit, jujube occupies a very important position in politics, economy, and life.

Origin of Neihuang Jujube Neihuang is located on the old path of the Yellow River. It is named after the Yellow River and is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Around 2500 BC, Zhuanxu, the Gaoyang clan, the grandson of Huangdi Xuanyuan and the son of Changyi, established his capital in Diqiu (now Dacheng Village, Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County). After his death, he was buried in Guangyangli outside the gate of Dunqiu City, Dongjun. Middle (today's Tomb of the Second Emperor in the West of Sanyangzhuang Village, Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County).

Emperor Ku Gaoxin was the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and nephew of the Zhuanxu clan. Zhuanxu succeeded him as king and established his capital in Hao (Haocheng, Neihuang County). After his death, he was buried in Haoyin, south of Dunqiu City, Dongjun. Yezhong (today's Mausoleum of the Second Emperor Huang). "Henan Tongzhi" records: The tombs of the two emperors Zhuanxu and Diku are located in Tushan Village, 70 miles northeast of Huaxian County. There is a temple in front of the tomb, which was established in the fourth year of Emperor Taihe of the Tang Dynasty.

Among the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", the tombs of Emperor Gaoyang Zhuanxu and Emperor Gaoxin Ku stand here, which fully proves the fact that Neihuang is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Because Neihuang has sufficient sunlight and a pleasant climate, The land is fertile and can be used to grow a variety of crops, and primitive farming civilization was born here.

Food was scarce in primitive society, and jujubes that grew yellow naturally became an important food for primitive people.

According to archaeological discoveries and records in "Historical Records", after jujube was discovered to be edible, it has been used as a substitute for millet to satisfy hunger and as a medicine to treat diseases.

Around the 15th century BC, Emperor Taiwu established his capital in Hao (Neihuanghao City). Three kings established their capital in Hao City for more than a hundred years. This was the second dynasty in China, the Shang Dynasty. . During this period, jujubes with yellow inside were used as tributes by the Yin and Shang royal families.

Later, the Shang Dynasty moved its capital to Anyang, Yin Ruins. Although Neihuang was no longer the capital, it was still in the core area of ??Yin Yin Shang rule, guarding the Yin Shang Dynasty for 600 years. "The Book of Songs" in "Poetry·Binfeng·July" says, "Peel dates in August and harvest rice in October."

"Wei Feng" says, "There are thorns in the garden, which are actually food." "Xiaoya" has "The blue flies in the camp stop on the thorns."

"Qin Feng" has "The yellow birds in the camp stop on the thorns." (The thorns refer to the jujube tree).

It can be seen that the inner yellow jujube has been a necessity for princes, nobles and common people three thousand years ago and has become an important element in Yasong ballads. Not only that, jujube has also become a sacred object as an important sacrificial item.

"Zhou Li·Tianguan·Ji Ren" says that "the bamboos used as food are actually jujubes, braised vegetables, peaches and hazelnuts." "Yili·Bride Gift" says that jujube and chestnuts are still ancient When the princes used the way to greet each other, they brought gifts to the officials in charge of the Hajj. They used two covered square bamboo guis with a capacity of one bucket or two liters each. One was filled with dates and the other was filled with chestnuts. They were presented together.

"Etiquette·Jixi Li" says that on the night of the last mourning before burial, the sacrifice types should include jujube and preserved chestnuts. According to "Etiquette: Special Animal Feeding Ceremony" and "Etiquette: Yousi", the princes and the officials below them - scholars, sacrificed to the temple on the first day of every month. In addition to the prescribed livestock, the types of sacrifices included dates and chestnuts, and Whoever places the jujubes is particular about it.

During the period of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, the status of jujube was further enhanced. "Guangwu Bozhi" records: "During the reign of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, there were jujubes with weak branches that were very beautiful. They were forbidden to be taken and placed in the tree garden."

It can be seen that the importance of jujubes with yellow inside in people's hearts status. As the source of jujube, internally yellow jujube played an extremely important role in the slave society of ancient China.

Later, through the expansion of the territory of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the change of dynasties and the independent spread among the people, the inner yellow jujube and its planting technology were widely spread to all parts of China. Later, "Warring States Policy·Yan Policy One" records: When Su Qin was lobbying the six countries, he said to Marquis Wen of Yan, "There are Jieshi and Yanmen in the south, and there are jujubes in the north. Although the people do not work in the fields, the jujubes are good." , This is the so-called Tianfu."

This shows that after being introduced to the north through the Warring States Period, the yellow jujube became the economic lifeline of the Yan State and other northern regions, and became the emperor's consideration for governing the country. One of the basis of the Anbang national policy. The influence of internal yellow jujube can be seen.

Whether it is to provide food to treat diseases or to provide supplies for the Confucian "three rites" (i.e. funeral, funeral, and sacrifice), jujube is an indispensable and important element in people's survival and development, and in the emperor's governance and security. . It can be said that the internally yellow jujube nourished the primitive people of China and gave birth to Chinese civilization. It is not only the origin of Chinese jujube cultivation and consumption, but also plays an important role in the origin and development of Chinese civilization.

. 3. The historical origin of Xinjiang Hotan jujube

Hotan jujube originates from Taigu, Shanxi. Later, due to its high quality, high yield and long life, it was transplanted to Jiaocheng, Shanxi, Aksu, Hotan and other places in Xinjiang. Therefore, Hotan jujube is also called Junzao, Aksu jujube and Hotan jujube. Shanxi Huping jujube, Junzao jujube, and Xinjiang Hotan jujube are originally the same species, but they have different names due to different origins, different growth environments, and different names. After scientific analysis, it is gratifying that due to the pure natural environment and abundant sunshine time, the dates produced in Hotan grow better and are more nutritious than those in Shanxi.

The "Hetian jujube", "Hetian jade jujube", "Hetian imperial jujube" and "Hetian tribute jujube" currently on the market all refer to Hotan jujube, but they have different brands, different names and excellent quality. Please check the origin for genuine products. 4. The historical origin of jujube culture

The history of jujube can be traced back to three thousand years ago: "In July, we cook sunflower seeds and bean sprouts, peel jujubes for the moon, and harvest rice in October. Therefore, spring wine is used to introduce eyebrows." "Shou" By the Qing Dynasty, Cangzhou's jujube industry was even more prosperous.

In 1737, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited a jujube tree and saw the wind swaying the jujube trees on the side of the road, with numerous fruits. He went to pick them and ate them, which were as sweet as honey. This is so fresh!" This jujube industry is famous in the capital. Ji Xiaolan of Cangzhou described another prosperous scene: dates were produced in Yuxiang, transported by carts to the capital, and sold to various provinces along with Cao ships from the south, and most scholars regarded them as a permanent industry. The red jujubes are sweet, crisp and attractive, the dried jujubes become golden threads after being dried, the red jujubes are round and fragrant after being drunk, and the preserved jujubes soaked in honey are a good treat for guests. The red dates are full of wind and sunshine in the Great Plains. The date trees have been rooted in our thoughts and culture, blending perfectly with the scenery, people and people.

Jujubes have nutritional value: Jujubes are rich in vitamins, iron, calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients. They are excellent tonics. According to records in > and >, jujube has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, replenishing the blood and strengthening the mind. Modern research shows that red dates are beneficial to patients with insufficient qi and blood, anemia, cough due to lung deficiency, neurasthenia, insomnia, hypertension, septicemia and allergic purpura. It is a nutritional tonic valued by the medical and health care circles at home and abroad. For example, postpartum women can speed up their physical recovery by eating red grains, boiled red dates, and millet porridge and glutinous rice porridge made from red dates. Jujube fruit can be made into a variety of processed products, such as candied dates, black jujubes, southern jujubes, wine jujubes, jujube tonic essence, jujube juice, jujube puree, jujube wine, jujube vinegar, jujube tea, etc. Its processed products are rich in nutrients and are deeply loved by people.

According to scientific analysis: Red dates contain a large amount of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which can regulate the body's metabolism, cause new cells to be generated quickly, dead cells to be quickly eliminated, and it can enhance the hematopoietic function of bone marrow and enhance blood circulation. By increasing the content of red blood cells, the skin will become smooth, delicate and elastic. Therefore, cyclic adenosine monophosphate is also known as the "second messenger of life" in medicine.

Folk proverbs: "Five grains plus jujubes are better than Ganoderma lucidum grass", "Eclipse three jujubes, and you will live forever". It can be seen that golden jujubes are regarded as excellent nourishing nutrients. Drinking jujube wine or jujube sweat in an appropriate amount every day can regulate the body's metabolism, increase the body's immunity, and regulate the balance of the internal and external environments of the human body. Special instructions:

The fructose contained in jujube is a simple sugar and is not metabolized in other tissues. It is only converted into energy in the liver and cannot be converted into fat. Therefore, drinking jujube wine or jujube juice regularly will Not only will you taste the mellow and refreshing taste of fine wine and the rich aroma of jujube juice, but your body will also get necessary nutrients. It will also make men graceful and graceful.

Nutritional content of dates: Red dates have been eaten in my country for three thousand years. They are regarded as a good food for replenishing qi. There is a folk saying that "eating five dates a day will lead to immortality". Dried dates contain 76-88% sugar, 0.25-1.6% acid, and 397-384.5 mg of vitamin C per 100 grams.

Fruit name Carbohydrates Calories Protein Fat Calcium Phosphorus Iron

Fresh dates 23.2g430.54k1.2g0.2g14mg23mg0.5mg

Dried dates 50.3-86.9g1291. 62k3.3g0.4g61mg55mg1.6mg

In addition, dates contain more vitamin C than apples, pears, grapes, hawthorns, tangerines, tangerines, oranges, lemons and other fruits; they also contain vitamins P, A, B And flavonoids cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (CGMP), etc. are very beneficial to human health, so dates are also known as "natural vitamins". Each apple (average size 15g) can provide 75mg of vitamin C to meet the daily recommended needs of adults (the British and American indicators are 75mg and 80mg respectively), which is probably the often said "a jujube is eaten a day, and the doctor is not looking for it" . 5. The historical story of Hotan jujube

Jujube is one of the traditional folk medicines in my country. According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty: "Dried jujube moistens the heart and lungs, relieves coughs, nourishes the five internal organs, and treats deficiency. Removes gastrointestinal qi. "Jujube is sweet and non-toxic, regulates the heart and spleen, calms the stomach qi, clears the nine orifices, and helps the twelve meridians." The fruit is a soothing and strengthening agent, and is often used as a tonic to treat diarrhea. Dysentery, regulating nutrition, treating cold and heat, treating impotence, anemia, spleen deficiency and diarrhea, palpitations, insomnia, night sweats, thrombocytopenic purpura and other diseases; the bark is strong and non-toxic, has strong astringent properties, stops bleeding, removes dampness, and can cure diarrhea , to stop bleeding from knife wounds, tracheitis, enteritis, dysentery, metrorrhagia, etc.; external use to treat traumatic bleeding. It can radically cure irregular menstruation, redness, leucorrhea and other symptoms. The jujube kernel can be used as a stimulant, and after being fried, it can be used as a sedative. It has the functions of calming the mind, nourishing the heart, and suppressing sweat.

The treasures of southern Xinjiang: Hotan; the towering Kunlun, the top of the snowy land; Hotan jujube, irrigated by real snow water, and the desert breeds jujube! 6. The history of winemaking with red dates and Quyang Kuerjiu

The art of winemaking with red dates has a long history. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people began to ferment red dates to brew red date wine. Since "Historical Records: Biography of Bian Quecang Gong", red date wine making has been repeatedly included in historical documents. According to legend, while hunting in Huicheng (today's Wantou Village, Jinqiu Street, Boxing County), Duke Huan of Qi suddenly fell ill and could not be cured. After drinking the local red date wine, he became light and healthy and recovered without any treatment. Duke Huan of Qi regarded it as a treasure and ordered this wine to be used as tribute wine for the royal family to drink. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, red date wine became famous in Qilu for its nutritional benefits. For more than a thousand years since then, red date wine has continued to flourish.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Dou Fashun of Wantou Village in Boxing County inherited his ancestral business and established a large-scale red date wine workshop in the local area. During the Republic of China, the political situation was turbulent, and the red date wine workshop was forced to cease production, leaving only the winemaking recipe.

In the 1960s, the Dou family inherited the ancestral business and resumed the production of red date wine, but the scale was small and the output was small. They were sold in villages. During the Cultural Revolution, the brewery was severely damaged. After the reform and opening up, Dou Shouqian, the sixth generation inheritor of red date wine, invested in the establishment of "Shandong Qiguoshengshi Wine Brewing Co., Ltd.". On the basis of inheriting the red date winemaking skills, he began the road of protection and inheritance. 7. How much nutritional value does one kilogram of jujube wine contain as red dates?

The nutritional value and therapeutic effects of red dates

Every golden autumn season, I see the mountain slopes and roadside villages. , jujube trees one after another, covered with dark green leaves, dotted with bright golden red dates.

There is no difference in the absorption of nutrients between eating dried red dates and soaking them in water! Red dates, also called jujubes, jujubes, jujubes, jujubes, etc., are one of the specialties of my country. Red dates have thin skin and thick flesh, moderate sweetness and rich nutrition. They are a good tonic for autumn and winter. Red dates have been cultivated in my country for more than 3,000 years.

The distinction between jujube and spiny jujube has been recorded as early as in the Book of Songs. Ancient agricultural books such as Jia Sixie's "Essentials of Qi Min" by Jia Sixie of the later Wei Dynasty and "The Complete Book of Agricultural Affairs" by Xu Guangqi of the Ming Dynasty all listed jujube as the first fruit tree. "Warring States Policy" records that when Su Tai lobbied the six countries, he said that the Yan State had the benefits of jujubes. Although the people did not have to work in the fields, the jujubes were enough for the people to eat. It can be seen that ancient Chinese people have placed jujube planting in an important position. Jujube is among the cultural relics unearthed from the ancient tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Mawangdui. There are 11 varieties of jujube trees recorded in the ancient book "Erya". Today, there are more than 400 excellent varieties in the north and south of my country.

my country’s red dates are divided into two categories: southern dates and northern dates. Southern jujube is mainly cultivated sporadically in the hilly areas of the Yangtze River Basin; northern jujube is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has a large cultivation area, high yield, many varieties, and good quality, and is famous both at home and abroad. There are many varieties of red dates, the most famous of which include Langjiayuan dates from Beijing, Ban dates from Shanxi, Golden silk dates from Shandong and Hebei, Lingbao dates from Henan, Dali dates from Shaanxi, etc., all of which are known as the king of dates. . These red dates have thin skin, beautiful flesh, and extremely sweet taste. They were well received by international friends at the Paris Exposition. Beijing’s Tiger Eye Jujube, Shaanxi’s Dali Jujube, Gansu’s Dunhuang Jujube, and Shanxi Taigu’s Huping Jujube are all top-grade jujubes.

Ancient Chinese people regarded jujube as a treasure to worship their ancestors and as a gift for women when they first met. The beauty and delicious taste of red dates have always been praised by poets. Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, recalled his greed for red dates in his childhood: the jujubes and pears were yellow in August in front of the court, and he could climb a tree a thousand times in one day. In the minds of the Chinese people, red dates symbolize happiness, contentment and auspiciousness. Red dates are indispensable for all kinds of celebrations and New Years.

Red dates can be eaten raw or cooked, and can also be processed into dried dates, date paste, preserved dates, date paste, drunk dates, smoked dates, burnt dates, black dates, candied dates, canned dates, and jujubes. Tea, jujube wine, jujube vinegar, jujube juice drinks, etc. can also be used in cooking. Use it to stew chicken, stew duck, stew pig feet, etc., all of which have unique flavor and are sweet and nourishing. There is a dazzling array of traditional foods made from dates in daily life, with different flavors, such as date rice dumplings, date rice cakes, date flower cakes, date roll cakes, date pot cakes, date hair cakes, fried cakes, longevity cakes, and Made into jujube paste filling, used to make various pastries. Chinese honey wine and donkey-hide gelatin candied dates made from red dates are sold overseas and are highly praised.

Red dates are very nutritious. Fresh dates contain 20%-36% sugar, and dried dates contain 55%-80% sugar. They contain high calories and can be used as a food substitute. Historically, they have been often used for disaster relief.

The vitamin C content ranks among the best among fruits, with a content of 0.1-0.6 grams per 100 grams, which is about 100 times higher than apples and peaches. The vitamin P content is also the highest among all fruits. People praise jujube as a natural vitamin pill. Each hundred grams of fresh dates contains 1.2 grams of protein, which is almost the highest among fresh fruits. Dried red dates produce extremely high amounts of heat. Each hundred grams of red dates can produce about 1,200-1,300 kilojoules of heat, which is close to that of raisins, and the content of protein, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin and niacin is higher than that of raisins. Therefore, people have always regarded red dates as an excellent tonic.

If you eat three dates a day, you will not look old for a hundred years. Red dates are not only a delicious fruit, but also a good nourishing medicine. They have the effects of strengthening muscles and bones, nourishing blood and promoting qi, and nourishing the skin. Red dates can be used as medicine, which has been described as early as in "Compendium of Materia Medica". It is said that red dates can replenish qi and benefit the middle, nourish the spleen and soil, moisten the heart and lungs, regulate nutrition, soothe yin and blood, produce body fluids, please the color, open the nine orifices, help the twelve meridians, and combine with hundreds of medicines. Li Shizhen, a great medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Compendium of Materia Medica": The smell of jujube is sweet and flat, it calms the spleen and nourishes the spleen, calms the stomach qi, clears the nine orifices, helps the twelve meridians, replenishes the lack of qi,... long-term use can lighten the body and prolong life. . Modern medical research shows that red dates have curative effects on allergic purpura, anemia, hypertension, acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and gastrointestinal tumors.

Therefore, health experts vigorously carry forward the medical heritage of the motherland and promote jujube tea as a low-cost, high-quality formula food that everyone can take. Take it regularly to strengthen liver function and replenish the blood

Red dates are a traditional tonic for the Chinese people. They have the effects of strengthening the spleen, replenishing qi, and harmonizing the central nervous system. They are suitable for people with spleen deficiency, chronic diarrhea, frailty, hepatitis, anemia, It is beneficial for patients with thrombocytopenia and other diseases.

Red dates are rich in nutrients, including protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, organic acids, mucilage, calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc., as well as a variety of vitamins, so they are