Change of Kaifeng name

Kaifeng is a city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province and one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in China. It was called Bianliang, Bianjing and Tokyo in ancient times, and it has a history of more than 2700 years. The name of Kaifeng originated in the Spring and Autumn Period. Because Zheng Guozhuang publicly chose this place to build a granary city, it was named "Kaifeng", which means "opening the border". In the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (156 BC), Kaifeng was renamed Kaifeng to avoid the taboo of Emperor Gaozu Liu Qi. From 364 BC to AD 1233, seven dynasties, namely Wei, Hou Jin, Hou Han, Hou Zhou, Northern Song and Jin Dynasty, established their capitals here during the Warring States Period, and experienced a thousand-year Chinese dream. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng (known as Tokyo in history) was the capital of the Song Dynasty for 168 years and experienced nine emperors. Tokyo is more than 30 kilometers wide and consists of three cities: outer city, inner city and imperial city, with a population of 1.5 million. It is a magnificent, large-scale and magnificent capital. As the political, economic and cultural center of China and a prosperous world metropolis, it is world-famous. Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted a huge Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, vividly depicting the bustling scene of Kaifeng City in Tokyo. The Northern Song Dynasty was another heyday of the development of science, technology, culture and art after the Tang Dynasty, which created a brilliant generation of Song Wenhua and had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Historical celebrities such as incorruptible Bao Gong, loyal Yang Jiajiang, Wang Anshi and national hero Yue Fei all left glorious footprints in Kaifeng. As a national culture, their great achievements are still widely celebrated at home and abroad.

Kaifeng was also the first city in China where Jews settled. During the Northern Song Dynasty, a group of Jewish immigrants moved to Tokyo, the then prosperous capital of the Song Dynasty, via Tianzhu (India). The emperor of the Song Dynasty issued a decree: "This is my midsummer, and I will follow the ancestral customs and leave the capital of song dynasty." Ancient Kaifeng Jews maintained a harmonious relationship with the Han and Hui nationalities, and lived and worked in peace and contentment according to their own national customs for more than 700 years. Due to historical, cultural and natural factors, Kaifeng Jews gradually merged with the local ethnic groups, leaving a unique and unforgettable history. The picture on the right shows Kaifeng Longting.

As early as the early Neolithic Age, there were human activities in Kaifeng area. In Xia Dynasty (2 1 century BC to 65438+6th century BC), the seventh emperor of Xia moved the capital to Laoqiu (about 22km east of Kaifeng today), and it took about 157. During the Spring and Autumn Period, from 743 BC to 70 BC1year, Zheng Zhuanggong built the "Kaifeng" city in Gucheng Village, Zhuxian Town, south of Kaifeng City. During the Warring States Period, in 364 BC, the capital was moved from Anyi, Shaanxi Province, and was established in Kaifeng City, with the title of Liang. In 225 BC, Qin destroyed Wei, established Dang County, and established Junyi (Daliang) and Kaifeng counties. In the first year of Han Jing (BC 156), in order to avoid Liu Qizhi of Han Jing, Kaifeng County was changed to Kaifeng County. The Eastern Wei Dynasty set up Liangzhou in Kaifeng. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, Liangzhou was changed to Bianzhou. In 7 12 AD, Kaifeng County was transferred to Bianzhou City, with the same profile as Junyi County. In 907, Kaifeng was the capital of Hou Liang, and Bianzhou was promoted to Kaifeng, which was called the East Capital. Kaifeng, the capital of Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou, was established one after another. In 938 AD, Kaifeng was called Tokyo. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin, the general of the later Zhou Dynasty, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Kaifeng its capital, and established the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the population was 1.5 million. Kaifeng was not only the domestic economic, political and cultural center, but also the international metropolis of "Xian Tong of all nations". 1 126 Jin captured Kaifeng and changed it to Bianjing. A.D. 12 14 Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng. In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (129 1 year), Kaifeng, Henan Province was established. In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), Zhu Yuanzhang made his fifth son Zhu Ke king of Kaifeng. Kaifeng's economy was prosperous in the Ming Dynasty, and it was known as "the thoroughfare of eight provinces" and "the potential is like two capitals". In 1642, Li Zicheng attacked Kaifeng, the Ming army opened the Yellow River, and Kaifeng city was destroyed. There are 370,000 people in the city, leaving only 30,000 people. Kaifeng was established in the Qing Dynasty and became a commercial port in the late Qing Dynasty. With the rise of national capital industry, factories such as machinery, weapons, flour, matches and tobacco have been established one after another. During the Republic of China, Kaifeng was the capital of Henan.

19481Kaifeng was liberated on October 24th. In the same year1October 6, the People's Democratic Municipal Government of Kaifeng Special City was established, 165438, and it was renamed Kaifeng People's Democratic Municipal Government on February 23, 65438. Kaifeng was the capital of Henan in the early days of the People's Republic of China. 1954 10 in June, the provincial capital moved to Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng was the provincial capital city. 1982, Kaifeng was first named as a "historical and cultural city" by the State Council.