What scientific and technological projects do astronauts do in the spaceship?

Basically, it is arranged in an eight-hour cycle. In order to ensure the monitoring of the spacecraft, the astronauts of Shenzhou VI take turns to rest, work and work in shifts, that is, one astronaut is always on duty in the return module, and the other astronaut is sleeping or doing experiments in the orbital module.

During the take-off and return of the spacecraft, both astronauts stayed in the return cabin, and during the return process, the spacecraft was manually controlled if necessary. What should astronauts do when they enter the orbital module? Astronauts' food, clothing, housing and transportation are basically carried out in the orbital module, and only meals after take-off and before return are eaten in the return module. Most articles, food and food heating devices used in space flight are placed in the orbital module, and the return module is only placed in some facilities temporarily used in the ascending and returning sections of the spacecraft. The scientific experiments carried out by Shenzhou VI spacecraft are all carried out in the orbital module.

How many difficulties do astronauts have to go through when they return? How can the ground help them overcome these difficulties?

When the astronauts return, they must first ensure the tightness in the cabin. On the one hand, our hatch design should be very reliable, on the other hand, we should wear spacesuits to ensure that the safety of astronauts will not be affected and their lives will not be endangered in case of leakage. This is the first one. Secondly, do a good job of re-entry heat treatment. During the return of the return capsule, due to the high speed, the spacecraft slowed down mainly by atmospheric resistance, so the surface temperature was very high at this time. After five flight tests, the Shenzhou spacecraft has verified that the heat protection design is very good. Even if the outer wall temperature is above 1000 degrees, the cabin temperature is generally above 20 degrees and will not exceed 30 degrees. This is a hot environment. Third, deal with the overload environment in the cabin. When the spacecraft returns normally, the astronauts only bear three times their own weight, that is, the pressure of three G, which is relatively comfortable. But when it comes to decomposition, sometimes there are more than a dozen G's. On the one hand, astronauts should do endurance training. Through endurance training, it should be said that it can also meet the requirements. Fourth, control the rotating environment. In the process of opening the parachute, the return capsule may rotate. In this case, on the one hand, spacecraft designers need to take "spin reduction" control measures to keep the rotation speed within the allowable range. On the other hand, astronauts themselves have to do this kind of training. Through two efforts, the rotating environment can be overcome. Fifth, overcome the noise environment. During the launch of the spacecraft, the noise of the launch vehicle is very loud, and the astronauts in the cabin will feel annoyed. When the spacecraft returns, due to the action of the atmosphere and the work of some initiating explosive devices, it will also produce strong noise. To this end, spacecraft developers have taken a lot of noise reduction measures to ensure the endurance of astronauts. After the experience of "Shenzhou 5" Yang Liwei, the cabin noise environment is very ideal. Sixth, reduce landing impact. It should be said that although shenzhou spaceship has parachutes, the speed of the return capsule hitting the ground is relatively fast when the landing recoil engine is not working. Under normal circumstances, the recoil engine at the bottom of the return capsule will greatly reduce the speed of the return capsule hitting the ground and make the return capsule land at a speed of 1 m per second. But if the recoil engine can't ignite normally, how to reduce the impact on astronauts? On the basis of Shenzhou 5, Shenzhou VI carried out more comprehensive experiments with different speeds, different postures and different speed directions, and made technical improvements to ensure that the three astronauts had a better impact environment.