How to deal with agricultural drought

In recent years, with the increase of global extreme climate change, although people's courage and ability to fight natural disasters are often awesome, the power of nature can never be underestimated and despised. Only by fully understanding the dynamic role of natural laws can we turn unfavorable factors into favorable ones. As a mountainous area, Fenggang is facing a once-in-a-decade high temperature test. The whole county is United as one, cadres and workers are brave enough to take responsibility, and the people in the disaster areas are stable. In the face of worrying disasters, drought resistance is definitely the top priority at present. However, at this moment, we also have to think calmly about the importance of long-term response measures. According to the recent field investigation of the disaster situation, it is considered that the long-term measures to deal with drought should consider the following issues. Vigorously promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure is the first choice to change the situation of relying on the weather to eat in mountainous areas. Most serious agricultural droughts occur in mountainous areas with large terrain cuts. Most of the harvests are sloping farmland and "Wangtian paddy field", with low soil fertility and extremely weak water retention capacity. The general supporting capacity of shallow-rooted crops such as corn and rice in the absence of water is about 15 days. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the adjustment of agricultural structure in mountainous areas. As far as the natural conditions of Fenggang are concerned, the cultivated land on the hillside with extreme water shortage should be adjusted to drought-tolerant woody cash crops such as pepper, dried fruit and honeysuckle. The slope in the middle and lower parts of water-deficient mountainous areas should be gently adjusted, and cash crops such as tea, fruits and medicinal materials should be planted; In Pingba area where water is scarce, it is necessary to change water into drought, and adjust crops such as rice to crops such as peppers and flue-cured tobacco that are more drought-tolerant or cash crops such as tea, dried fruits and fruits. At present, it is an effective measure to guide farmers in drought-stricken areas to change their concepts and focus on adjusting the structure to turn unfavorable factors into favorable ones when cadres and workers go deep into the front line to fight drought. Improving agricultural ecological environment, returning farmland to forests and planting trees are important methods for long-term drought resistance. Dense forest vegetation can not only significantly slow down and reduce surface rainwater runoff, avoid soil erosion, but also effectively increase the water-holding capacity of surface soil and replenish groundwater, so that many forest areas can have a long stream of green water during drought, which fundamentally changes the local ecological environment and forms a local humid microclimate. According to scientific calculation, the water storage capacity of 50,000 mu of forest is equivalent to a small reservoir of 6,543.8+0,000 cubic meters. As far as the current drought in Fenggang is concerned, the damage degree of disasters is always low in areas with high forest coverage or places with many forests around farmland and agricultural soil. Therefore, protecting the ecological environment and vigorously planting trees (especially returning farmland to steep slopes, building farmland and river shelterbelts and surrounding trees) still need long-term persistence. Popularizing agricultural practical technology is an effective measure to directly fight drought and ensure the increase of crop income. Every time there is a big drought, it is often the mountainous areas that suffer the most. In addition to the limitation of natural conditions in mountainous areas, the lack of popularization and application of practical agricultural technologies is also one of the main reasons. From the disaster degree of crops in mountainous areas, it can be seen that the drought resistance of flue-cured tobacco and corn planted with plastic film is much better than that planted without plastic film, and the drought resistance of corn and pepper planted with nutrient blocks is stronger than that of direct seeding or bare seedling transplantation. Therefore, the training and popularization of agricultural practical technology is still an indispensable key link of agricultural drought resistance in mountainous areas. Water conservancy projects should be scientifically planned and the management mechanism should be improved. Generally speaking, Fenggang is rich in water resources. Because the rainfall since the beginning of the year is seriously less than in previous years, and the recent high temperature continues, there are not many main tributaries that really cut off the five major river basins. At present, the drought resistance of Shantang Reservoir is obvious, but overall, the utilization efficiency of river water resources is low. First of all, some irrigation stations can't be used normally, and the number of irrigation stations is very small. Second, the diversion ditches of some river dams are seriously damaged or the planning is unreasonable. Third, the water resources management of some Shantang reservoirs is unscientific. Therefore, fully sum up the lessons of this year's drought, and suggest: First, seriously investigate the distribution and characteristics of water resources in the county to lay a good foundation for making water resources utilization plans; Second, scientifically plan the layout of irrigation stations, focus on key water-deficient areas, and implement multi-stage irrigation when necessary; Third, increase the maintenance of irrigation facilities, river dams, ancient squares and Shantang reservoirs, and establish a long-term maintenance mechanism. Fourth, strengthen the formulation of effective mechanisms or management methods for water resources management in Shantang Reservoir, put an end to the arbitrariness of contractors or managers in water resources regulation and control, and enhance their management and maintenance responsibilities. Fourthly, the design and site selection of water cellar should fully consider local conditions and make scientific evaluation. Guide the ecological migration of population in poor areas and promote the process of urbanization. In mountainous areas, farming conditions are often poor, farmers are scattered, and most of the labor force goes out, resulting in low farming efficiency, such as a bucket of water in yellow soil and a peak in bee rock. At present, it is common for migrant workers to choose to buy houses in Pingba or towns after returning home. Therefore, strengthening propaganda and guidance, establishing a social security mechanism for migrant flow, formulating preferential measures such as land for migrants, and focusing on ecological migration are the fundamental measures to solve the poverty-stricken living conditions of mountain people. In short, the drought is ruthless. On the premise of doing a good job in fighting drought and protecting people's livelihood, only by fully investigating and studying, summing up experience and lessons, and seriously thinking about formulating long-term measures to deal with drought can people in dry areas enhance their self-conscious ability to resist disasters.