During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, how many defenders were there in a northern border county, and how were their arms generally deployed?

The Northern and Southern Army of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

Southern Army: Qimen, Yulin and Yulin Orphans (under the control of Guangluxun and Wei State after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty)-guarding the palace.

1. Menjun: It was established in the third year of Emperor Jian Yuan (200 BC). 138-the year of Zhang Qian's first mission to the western regions). It is composed of attendants, regular attendants, military commanders and children of good families who can ride and shoot well in six counties such as Longxi and Beidi. * * About 1000 people. Because I often look forward to the temple door as the martial arts of the emperor, it is called the' period door'.

2. Yu: In the first year of Taichu (BC 104), about 700 children were selected from six counties, belonging to Guang Luxun. Yulin Riding was originally named Zhang Jianying Riding, and it was named after guarding Zhang Jian Palace. Later, it was renamed' Feather Rides in the Forest', which means' Illness is like feathers, and there are more forests'.

2. Feather Forest Orphan: refers to the children of the war dead, named after growing up in the feather forest and being taught to shoot. It is the beginning of the "world war system" of later generations.

Northern Army: Sir-Captain (Zhi Dou, a cruel official and a former lieutenant) was recruited from Beijing Sanfu (Jing, Zuo Fengyi and You Fufeng) to defend the capital.

The reform of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (1 1 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established eight guards, each with about 700 people, led by eight captains with a rank of 2,000 stones. Establish another intermediate base from the lieutenant.

Eight Generals'-Zhong Lei, Tunqi, Infantry, Qi Yue, Changshui, Shooting and Samurai

1. Zhong Lei was originally a subordinate officer of the lieutenant. When he was in Liang Wudi, he left the lieutenant and was promoted to a captain, in charge of the inside and outside of the Northern Army Base;

2. Ride the captain and be in charge of the knight;

3. An infantry captain, specially stationed in Yuanmen of Shanglinyuan in the southwest suburb of Chang 'an;

4. A captain of Changshui, in charge of Xuanqu Huqi in the northwest suburb of Chang 'an;

5. Captain Hu Qi is in charge of Chiyang Hu Qi, who is not often placed.

6. Shoot the sound of the captain's palm;

7. The samurai captain is in charge.

8. Ride more and more.

The army commanded by eight captains is a standing army selected from local or ethnic minorities. All eight factions belong to the journey of diligence, and riding Hu and Yue is particularly important. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the captain of Zhongji was omitted, Hu Qi was merged into Changshui, and the samurai was merged into Shouyin, leaving only five captains. The "five battalions" and "five factions" commonly seen in history books refer to the army to which five commanders belong. In the Han dynasty, all the governors were mainly responsible for guarding the capital, while in the Eastern Han dynasty, most of the five governors were served by imperial clan, who also served as the guards of the court.

The Eight Commanders was the beginning of the "recruitment system" in later generations.

The army can be divided into three parts: capital soldiers, local soldiers and border guards.

Soldiers in the capital are mainly composed of Langguan, Guards and Station Troops guarding the capital. Lang Guan is under Lang's command, the Guards are under Wei Wei's command, and Wei Wei is responsible for the guards inside and outside the palace. The garrison responsible for guarding the capital is led by a lieutenant. The soldiers in the capital of Han Dynasty mainly included the Southern Army and the Northern Army. The station troops led by the lieutenant are stationed in the north of Weiyang Palace, which is called the Northern Army. Wei Wei, by contrast, commanded the Confederate army. Most of the Confederate soldiers were transferred from Neixian, while the Union soldiers were mainly transferred from Jingfu, and they all rotated once a year. During Liang Wudi's reign, great reforms were carried out to the soldiers in the capital, mainly to streamline the South Army and strengthen the North Army. There are 20,000 confederate troops, half of which are missing. In addition to Zhongji, the northern army stationed troops and added chariots, infantry, Yue, Chang Shui, Hu, She Yin and Samurai, which were divided into eight factions and stationed in Chang 'an and its vicinity. They usually guard the capital, and the emperor sends personnel to supervise it. One or all of them went out with the general in wartime. At the same time, the lieutenant was renamed as Zhi Jinwu, who was not in charge of the northern army, but was only responsible for commanding the leader and patrolling the capital. In addition, the corps commander was changed to Guang Luxun, the number of corps officers was expanded, and the troops of Qimen and Yulin were increased. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the officers and men of the capital followed the Western Han Dynasty, slightly merged and merged the eight schools of the Northern Army into five battalions, and finally placed the Northern Army under the supervision and leadership of eunuchs.

Local soldiers are placed in counties, usually assisted by county chiefs (also known as a captain), who maintain local public order at ordinary times and listen to the central command in wartime. The recruitment of local soldiers should be based on the emperor's "tiger symbol". The Western Han Dynasty once implemented the enfeoffment system, and the enfeoffment country and the Marquis country each had their own army. Soldiers in the kingdom are led by lieutenants, and soldiers in Marquis countries are subordinate to counties. During the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen centralization, the county magistrate was revoked, and then the local soldiers were ordered to be withdrawn. From then on, in case of war, soldiers in the capital are often sent to the battlefield, or recruited temporarily, or recruited from counties as needed.

Border soldiers are mainly responsible for the garrison in border counties, under the command of the county chief, and under the jurisdiction of a surname. In order to enrich the frontier defense, the Han dynasty once immigrated to the real frontier and settled fields in parallel. When Liang Wudi began to open up wasteland, the number of soldiers who opened up wasteland reached hundreds of thousands at most, which was an important part of frontier troops. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the border army system was destroyed, and troops were stationed for defense by setting up camps and docks.

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Establishment of the army

According to the records of officials in the later Han Dynasty, the establishment of the army in the Han Dynasty was a "five generals' barracks", and the headquarters was under the command of a captain. "There was a chariot under the Song Dynasty, and there was a chariot captain." However, according to the Han bamboo slips unearthed in Shangsunjiazhai and Juyan in Datong County, Qinghai Province, some of them are left and right, and the music is divided into left and right songs or before and after songs, and there are officials (left and right officials), teams (before and after teams) and fifteen under the department and music. The different records of the lower and lower ranks of the Han army in the above-mentioned documents and cultural relics are probably due to the different establishment of different regions or armies.

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Military system in Han dynasty

The military service system in Han dynasty has undergone several changes. Han inherited the Qin system. At that time, it was stipulated that men should register with the government at the age of 20. And in accordance with the principle of three years of cultivation and one year of storage, he officially served from the age of 23 to the age of 56. According to Hanshu, this man was a 20-year-old Fu Ji, and since then he has served hard labor for one month every year, which is called "more death". Military service began after the age of 23. The service period is generally 2 years. One year in the county is called a "regular pawn", and the other year in the border counties or the capital is called a "garrison pawn" or "guardian pawn". There is also an opinion that these two years of military service are collectively referred to as "regular soldiers." In case of war, you must be drafted into the army at any time, and you can not be exempted from service until you are 56 years old. In the Han Dynasty, criminals or disciples were often demoted to soldiers, which was called "garrison". In addition to the conscription system in the Western Han Dynasty, the conscription system was also implemented, and the eight schools established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were mainly for conscription. After the strike of the county soldiers in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the conscription system gradually declined, so it also relied on conscription. At the end of the year, state and county officials cultivated their own power by recruiting troops, which led to a separatist situation.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, people familiar with the situation of ethnic minorities in the north were recruited to form "Hu Qi" and those familiar with Vietnamese affairs in the south were recruited to form "Qi Yue". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the separatist regime of warlords, there were many docks and castles, and a large number of peasants were occupied by warlords and attached to them (private forces close to slaves). Many able-bodied men became landlords' soldiers, and the national conscription system was seriously damaged.

The military training system in Han Dynasty was strict. In addition to practicing shooting, riding and fighting, the western Han army also taught reading every autumn, also known as "various exams", and rewarded and punished them according to their merits and demerits. Border counties often have "riding ten thousand horses, blocking obstacles and chasing Lu by fire" (Han Jiuyi), which has the nature of actual combat exercises.

The munitions, armor, grain and horses supplied to the army are all provided by the state. This state has a special arsenal. In the Han Dynasty, an examination order was set up to be responsible for the production of weapons, and an armory order was set up to be responsible for the custody and management of weapons. Some counties and countries also have workers and iron officials who are responsible for making instruments and importing them into the capital. The armory in Chang 'an is the largest weapons storage center in China. Armor in Han Dynasty was standardized and made of metal. Due to the different arms and positions, the styles were different. The Han dynasty also settled the field to solve the supply of rations. In the Han dynasty, cavalry was widely used, and horses were becoming the main policy of the country. In the Han dynasty, while rewarding folk horses, gardens were established in the north and west to raise horses. Jingdi has 36 gardens, 30 thousand officials, slaves and 300 thousand horses. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there were more than 400,000 official horses, which created conditions for the development of cavalry and the fight against Xiongnu.

In the Han dynasty, the army was unified, the military power was highly centralized, the military command and management system was strict, and the military service system was relatively perfect. A large number of land reclamation in the Han Dynasty provided conditions for consolidating the frontier defense and ensuring the supply of troops, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of the military system in China's feudal society.

There are nearly 100 kinds of titles for generals in the Han Dynasty, which are more difficult to count. More prominent are the first-class generals (above the third-class generals), the second-class generals in ancient times, chariot riders, Wei (above the third-class generals), government troops, towns, Nanzhong generals (above the second-class generals), Zhengdong, Zhengnan, Zhengxi and Zhengbei generals (above the fourth-class generals).

A first-class general (above is a third-class general)

A title of generals in ancient times second-level generals, chariot riders, Wei generals (above are third-level generals).

General Fu Jun, General Zhong Jun, General Shang Jun, General Zhen Jun, General Zhen Guo, General Nan Zhong (above are second-class generals).

General Zheng Dong, General Cheung Nam, General Zheng and General Zheng Bei (the above are four generals).

Jiangjun Town East, Jiangjun Town South, Jiangjun Town West, Jiangjun Town North (the above are four town generals)

Leading in three categories (the senior is the leading general. The above are security guards)

General Anton, General Annan, General Anxi, General Anbei (above is General Sian)

General Pingdong, General Pingnan, General Pingxi, General Pingbei (the above are general Siping)

General Zheng Shu, General Lu Zheng, General Zhen Jun, General Zhen Hu, General An Zhong, General An Yi,

General Anyuan, General Pinkou, General Pinglu, General Pindi, General Pingnan,

General Guo Fu, General Huya, General Qingqi, General Champion, General Du Liao and General Heng Hai (the above are three generals with different titles).

Among the four categories, China Garrison and General Tachileik (the veteran of China Garrison is the general of Garrison). The above are security guards)

Captain Tunqi, Captain Qi Yue, Captain Infantry, Captain Changshui, Captain Shesheng (more than five captains in the field army)

General backbone, Xiao Qi guerrilla general and general Zuo Jun (the above are four standing army generals).

General Jianwei, General Jianwu, General Wei Zhen, General Zhenwu, General Wei Fen,

General Fenwu, General Yangwei, General Wu Yang, General Guangwei, General Guangwu,

General Ning Shuo, General Zuo Jishe, General You Jishe, and General Strong Crossbow (the above are four miscellaneous generals)

East corps commander, South corps commander, West corps commander, North corps commander (the above are the four corps commanders)

Commander of Wei Zhen Corps, Commander of Jianyi Corps, Commander of Fengyi Corps, Commander of Pinglu Corps,

Lieutenant General of Canon Army, Lieutenant General of Fujun Army, Lieutenant General of Wuwei, Lieutenant General of Division Law,

Protect the Xiongnu corps commander and lead the corps commander well.

Captain Wuji, Captain Pinglu, Captain Taokou, Captain Jianzhong, Captain Hu Qiang,

Hudongqiang, Huwuwan, Huxian North, Xiyu, Xirong,

A captain of Dongyi (pictured above) and a military supervisor (pictured above).

Five-level generals and General Pi (above are five-level generals)

General Angelababy, General Zhechong, General Hu Lie, General Xuanwei, General Weiyuan, General Ningyuan,

General Fu Bo, General Hu Weiwei, General Lingjiang, General Dangkou, General Zhaowu, General Zhaolie,

General Zhao De, General Qiu Inverse, General Lu Bao, General Qiu Kou, General Xuan De, General Wei Lu,

General Lu, General Wu, General Yi, General, General,

General Huaiji, General Yokono, General Louchuan, General Futu, General Loyalty, General Jianjie,

General Yi Wei, General Qiu Yi, General Huaiyuan and General Suibian (the above are five miscellaneous generals).

Anyi Garrison and Fuyi Guard (the above is the supervisor or guard)

Six guards and guards of Rong and Lu (all above are miscellaneous guards)

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The title of general in Han dynasty

1, general name of Western Han Dynasty:

Note: The following personnel list is incomplete for reference.

1) General: The position is lofty and superior to the public. After emperor wudi, the general was both a fu. Han Xin, Dou Ying, Wei Qing, Huo Guang and Wang Feng have successively held this post.

2) A title of generals in ancient times: Emperor Wu was born in the second year of Yuanshou and was listed as a general. Huo Qubing once held this post.

3) Cycling generals: There were generals in the reign of Emperor Gaozu. Golden Chamber, Wei Qing, Zhang Anshi and Wang Yin once held this post and were in charge of the imperial army.

4) General Wei: Since the Emperor Gaozu, Zhang Anshi, etc. He once held this post and commanded the North and South armies.

5) Go to the General: In the seventh year, Lv Hou targeted Lv Lu.

6) Former generals: Zhao Xin and Li Guang did it during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

7) General Zuo: What Gong Sunhe and Xun Kui did during the reign of Emperor Wu.

8) General Right: What Su Jian and Zhao did when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

9) Post-generals: Li Guang and Cao Xiang did it during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

10 General): Gongsun 'ao made it during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

1 1) Guerrilla general: Emperor Gaozu existed, and Chen Yi, Su Jian and Han said they all did it.

12) General Futu: Wendi took Zhang Wu for seven years.

13) General Jiang Tun: In the seventh year of Emperor Wen, he was a vassal of the country, Emperor Wu was in office, and Wang Hui was a vassal.

14) General Xiaoqi: In the second year of Yuanguang, Li Guang was established as the national title.

15) Imperial generals: In the second year of Yuanguang, Han Anguo was chosen as the place, and all generals belonged to it.

16) arrive without pomp: In AD 2, Gong Sunhe was appointed as a general by Emperor Yuanguang, and Cai Li once held this position.

17) General Cai Guan: In the second year of Yuanguang, Li Xi, a doctor of Taizhong, took this as his career.

18) Rider: During Yuan and light years, Liang Wudi followed the example of Gongsun 'ao.

19) General Fu Bo: In the fifth year of Ding Yuan, Lubbock attacked South Vietnam.

20) Shipbuilding general: In the past five years, Yang Fu took the target and attacked South Vietnam and North Korea successively.

2 1) General Gechuan: In the fifth year, Ding Yuan fought against South Vietnam.

22) General Shimonoseki: After five years in Ding Yuan, he returned to Yi, went to Houjia and fought against South Vietnam.

23) General Heng Hai: Emperor Wu of the Qing Dynasty, with Han as the theory, six years.

24) General Fu Ju: Sun He was the leader of Liang Wudi Ding Yuan in the sixth year.

25) General Hunhe: Emperor Ding Yuan took Zhao Ponu as his name for six years.

26) Twelve Generals: In the first year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Wu gathered twelve generals to attack the Xiongnu (? )。

27) Pulling General Hu: It was four years long for Emperor Yuan Feng of the Han Dynasty.

28) General Yinbi: In the early years of Emperor Wu, the name was Gongsun Ao, and Yinbi was the place name.

29) General of the Second Division: In the early years of Emperor Wu, Li Guangli was taken as the object to levy Dawan. Named after Ercheng.

30) General Xun Ji: In the second year of Liang Wudi, he took Zhao Ponu as the goal and recruited the Huns. Named after Xunji Mountain.

3 1) General Strong Crossbow: When Emperor Wu was emperor, Li Jue took Zuo Neishi as his courtiers.

General Du Liao: Zhao Yuan made Fan the viceroy.

General Huya: In the second year of Xuan Di, Tian Shun was the leader.

34) General Pu Lei: Zhao Chongguo was named after Pu in the first two years of his rule.

35) General Qilian: Two years before Emperor Xuandi, Tian Guangming was named after this mountain.

36) General of the Broken Qiang: Xin Wuxian was the first year of Xuan Di's knighthood.

37) General Hu Qiang: It's dry.

38) General Wei Fen: Yuan Di Yong Guang worked for two years.

39) General Jianwei: Han Cijun was the leader of Yong Guang in Yuan Di for two years.

40) Infantry general: In the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Ping thought he was the leader of the alliance.

4 1) General Wencheng: At the inauguration ceremony of Emperor Wu of Yuan Dynasty, young people were regarded as one of them.

42) General Wuli, General Shi Tian, General Di Shi and General Datong: Ding Yuan paid tribute to General Luan Da Wuli for four years, with General Shi Tian, General Di Shi and General Datong general print attached.

43) General Heaven: According to "Fengchan", the emperor carved the imperial seal as "General Heaven".