How did the Ming workers who stabbed the Spanish governor do it?

1905, Liang Qichao's article Biography of Eight Colonies in China was published in the reformist newspaper Xinmin Cong Bao in Yokohama, Japan. The appendix of this article is "Philippine Chivalrous Man Pan Wuhe", which tells a little-known legendary story: a wage earner who went to the Philippines in the Ming Dynasty rose up because of unbearable anger and stabbed the Spanish governor to death, and

This is the only incident in the history books of Spain, China and Japan that a governor was stabbed to death in the 300 years since Spain ruled the Philippines. After the great geographical discovery, western powers ran rampant all over the world, taking whatever they wanted, and there was little history of the governor being killed. So, who is Pan Wuhe, why did he revolt and how did he stab the Spanish governor to death?

The communication between China and the Philippines has a long history, and there was close communication during the Song Dynasty. Before and after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, many Han Chinese immigrated to the Philippines. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, with Zheng He's voyage to the West, the relationship between the ancient Philippine land and the Ming Dynasty became closer. He sent envoys to China three times, and also served as envoys in 1405 in the Ming Dynasty. In the15th and16th centuries, businessmen in the southeast coast of China had more frequent contacts with Luzon. By 1603, there were nearly 30,000 overseas Chinese in Luzon Island.

Pan, a native of Jinjiang, Fujian, was born in 1567. When he was young, he went to the Philippines to work for a living. At that time, China was in a prosperous era of maritime trade, and businessmen like Pan didn't know how many there were. The author found a strange phenomenon. Businessmen from Fujian and Guangdong often go to different destinations in Nanyang. Fujian people generally go to the Philippines, while Guangdong people generally go to Indonesia.

But unlike their predecessors, the island of Luzon, where Pan Wuhe came from, has been under the control of Spain, so Pan Wuhe's fate has become more legendary.

Portuguese Magellan sailed around the world and arrived in the Philippines. From then on, the Spanish knew about the Philippines. 1565, in the 44th year of Jiajing, the Spanish fleet landed on Cebu Island. During the reign of Qin Long, the Spaniards came to Luzon Island and adopted the familiar routine, that is, they first defrauded a large area of land, fenced it with pimps, and then built houses, forts and mounted cannons. The old Spanish turned against each other and refused to recognize people. Soon after, they captured the palace and killed King Luzon. In the fifth year of Qin Long (157 1), the Spanish established Manila City in Luzon as the center of Spanish colonial rule in Asia.

1593, in August of the 21st year of Wanli, La Xima, the Spanish governor in the Philippines, greeted him to send troops to capture the Moluccas (also translated as Meloju), so he forced 250 overseas Chinese to serve as combatants, Pan and others as sentries, more than 80 Spanish officers and soldiers and 250 overseas Chinese. Led by Philippine Governor Rashima to meet him, he set out from the sea on a huge ship.

In August, there are often big waves in Nanyang. Spain's flagship is like a boat, rolling in the waves of Nanyang. Overseas Chinese rowed exhausted every day, but Spanish colonists forced overseas Chinese to paddle and sail day and night. Once they stopped to catch their breath, they were flogged until they even stabbed overseas China workers with bayonets and humiliated and abused them. In the Ming Dynasty, it was said that "barbarians lie down every day, but China people operate boats. If they are a little lazy, they will be whipped and even beaten to death".

This group of overseas Chinese is very angry. Pan Shou could not resist persecution, and secretly discussed with his companions: "Even if we obey, we may be killed or stabbed to death. If we put up with it, when we attack Moluccas, we will inevitably die. It is better to fight it than to die ... If we succeed, we will sail back to our hometown. If we fail, we will strive for a bigger enemy.

On a dark night in a month, when the Spanish officers and men were asleep, Pan took a sharp knife in his hand and took away several companions. He sneaked into the bedroom of Philippine Governor Dash Mullen Nash, killed Dash Mullen Nash, who was sleeping, and cut off his head. Later, Pan walked out of the hatch and held high the head of the governor to threaten the Spanish officers and men: "Don't move, if you resist, do it!" More than 80 Spanish officers and men knew that they were doing evil and were unwilling to surrender. In the end, they either resisted being killed or jumped into the sea to escape.

After the success of the uprising, Pan drove the Spanish flagship north to China, but because of a typhoon on the way, he drifted to and settled here. Later, Guo Weitai and other 32 people returned to China.

Pan's behavior, like that of Chen Sheng and Hehe in two thousand, was just a struggle for survival, which was a just move, but in Spanish history books, Pan was slandered.

1593 65438+in February, the acting Philippine governor Luis das mariner also righteously protested to the Ming dynasty, slandering Pan, Wu and others as criminals and robbers, and sent two priests with urgent letters to the governors of Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian, demanding that the "criminals" be handed over to the colonial authorities and that the flagship and its weapons and treasures be returned.

In the history of the Philippine Islands written by the Spanish, the motive of killing the governor is "coveting the treasure on the ship and escaping the expedition labor", which is robbery, but how can the military action against the Moluccas carry a lot of treasure? Moreover, even if you take the treasure, you will be strictly guarded by Spanish officers and soldiers. How can you let Pan and other overseas Chinese know? It doesn't make sense logically!

It is worth mentioning that Liang Qichao's Biography of Eight Colonies in China is about eight overseas Chinese, which is little known so far. They are Wang Liang Ming Dow, King Zhang Lian, King Borneo, Kunduz Luo Fangbo, King Shunta of Java, King Zheng Zhao of Siam, King Wu Shengyuan of Dai Yan, and pioneer Ah Loy Yap of Selangor. The first three belong to the Ming Dynasty and the last five belong to the Qing Dynasty. Unfortunately, the Ming and Qing governments regarded it as "China abandoned the people", not only failed to support it, but even colluded with the great powers to stifle it. In the end, the pioneering generation of China people hated Nanyang so much that they didn't even record it in the history books!

Biography of the Eight Colonists in China: The rejection of the opinions of the Eight Gentlemen in China's history is a symbol of the rejection of the Chinese nation in today's survival competition. I have unspeakable pain. Pan is not enough to talk about the colonial cause, praising his benevolence, chivalry, wisdom and courage, and there are many things that have been handed down from the Eight Gentlemen!

Of course, Liang Qichao's word "colonization" regards Han immigrants who emigrated overseas as pioneers of colonization in the western world, such as Columbus, Robert Robert Clive and Livingston, which conforms to the western trend at that time, but does not conform to the actual situation in China. When China people go to Nanyang, they often do not rule the local aborigines, but neighbors, so they are not "colonies" but "expatriates"!