Immigrated to Hungary at the age of 55

Hungarian wine "the king of wine, the wine of the royal family"

Hungary is located in Carpathian basin in central Europe, with fertile soil, mild climate and rich agricultural products, especially excellent grape varieties and quality. The history of grape cultivation in Hungary can be traced back to ancient Rome. By the end of14th century, 22 wine producing areas in China had basically formed. Its famous wine brands include Bikaville, Tocajiasu, Ekflacos of vilani and KDARKA, the favorite of the famous musician Liszt. Among them, Tocai Caio Sou has been recognized as one of the top sweet wines in the world since the publication of 1650, and the French royal family even praised it as "the king of wine, the royal wine". Hungary holds colorful folk activities such as grape festival and wine tasting every year, forming a unique wine tourism, which fully demonstrates its long history and splendid wine production culture.

I. Overview of domestic wine market

Hungarian wine can be roughly divided into white wine and red wine (including rose wine). According to the data of Hungarian Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, the wine output in 2005 showed an increasing trend compared with that in 2004, with the output of white wine exceeding 2.5 million liters in June and August and the output of red wine 1 1.6 million liters in September. In 2006, output continued to increase. While the output increased, the price continued to decline: the price in 2005 was significantly lower than that in 2004. Among them, the price of white wine fluctuated between 180-220 HUF per liter in 2004, and fell to 140- 180 HUF per liter in 2005, and the initial price improved slightly in 2006. The price of red wine has decreased in recent two years, from the highest price of 280 HUF per liter in 2004 to about 190 HUF in 2006.

At present, the output of Hungarian wine market is increasing, and the reasons for the price decline are mainly as follows:

First, the domestic wine consumption market tends to be saturated. During the period of 1998 -2003, the wine sales in the Hungarian wine market decreased by 1% on average every year, and consumers were mainly over 55 years old, and young people around 25 years old consumed the least wine. According to experts' prediction, the per capita consumption of Hungarian wine is 28-3 1 liter, which is basically saturated.

Second, the government lacks effective macro-control. Hungary's climate and soil are suitable for growing grapes. Wine merchants gather all over the country, but they are in a state of small scale, scattered production and high production cost. At present, only by controlling the output can the price of wine be kept relatively stable. In order to improve this situation, Hungary is going to set up a national wine office, similar to other EU member States, whose main responsibility is to comprehensively coordinate the national wine production and sales market. The establishment of this institution is very important for avoiding disorderly competition in the wine market and ensuring its stable development.

Third, fake wine flooded the domestic wine market. Since the Hungarian government cancelled the requirement that wine corks from 0/kloc-0 to 2003 should be marked with the certificate of origin ("zárjegy" in Hungarian), since 2004, small bottles of wine (including 0.75 liters, 1 liter and 2 liters) need not be marked, but 5-20 liters of bottled wine should be marked with the origin. Some unscrupulous traders use this to sell fake wine to bars and other places, which has been verified by the Hungarian National Wine Association and the wine quality supervision agency. A large number of fake wines have seriously disrupted the Hungarian wine market, leading to vicious competition in price. In addition, due to the suitable climatic conditions in 2004, the wine production increased to 490 million liters. Danube wine-producing areas were protected from severe cold and frost in 2002 and 2003, and the grape yield was high, which brought about the continuous growth of wine production in 2004-2006. Many wine merchants worry that if the output reaches or exceeds 500 million liters, the domestic market will be oversupplied, resulting in a backlog of wine.

Fourth, the government reduced the tax rate on imported wine. Hungary's wine tariff is three times higher than that of the EU before adjustment. After the abolition of high tariff barriers, competition with foreign wines, especially those from third countries such as Australia and South Africa, has increased. It is expected that the import from the EU will not increase too much, but the competition of some grades of wine products, such as 6-7 euros of wine, will intensify, and the import of red wine from third countries, such as Australia, will increase greatly.

Second, the prospect of wine export

From the international market point of view, after Hungary joined the EU, its agriculture received a lot of preferential subsidies from the EU, and wine also faced new market opportunities. Many manufacturers began to increase production and expand the potential market to the EU with a population of 450 million. Relevant information shows that in addition to France, Spain, Italy and other old EU member States, among the new EU member States, 10, there are 6 wine producing countries, including Hungary: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Malta, Slovakia and Slovenia. The level of industrial development between Hungary and five other newly joined wine-producing countries is also quite different. For example, the grape planting area in Hungary exceeds 1 10000 hectares, while the current planting area in Malta is only 400 hectares. Hungarian wine producers are counting on joining the European Union to increase their market share in Britain and other Nordic countries. According to statistics, 40% of Hungarian wines have entered the existing markets of EU member countries, and another 20% have entered the markets of other nine quasi-EU member countries.

According to the data of Hungarian Agricultural Research Institute, the countries that export a large number of bottled wines in Hungary are Britain, Germany and Poland, of which 28.68% were exported to Britain in 2003-05. Germany, Czech Republic and Slovenia are countries that export a large number of bulk wines, of which 30.6% were exported to Germany in 2003-05. However, in the past three years, the number of wines exported to various countries has been decreasing. The countries with the largest decline in bottled wine are Germany and Poland, while the export volume of bulk wine has fallen sharply in Germany and other countries except Europe, and only Britain has maintained a steady growth momentum for three consecutive years.

In the past ten years, the export of Hungarian wine has shown a downward trend. In the past five years, the overseas sales of Hungarian wines have decreased by 25%. Since 2002, its price has rebounded. Compared with other wine exporting countries, Hungarian wine has a great advantage in price among wines of the same quality.