On the Wall of Leshan Building in Tianjin

After walking through many cities, I suddenly turned around. Many places have their own unique signs. The Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Daguan Tower in Kunming and so on. Every building has a different history. Children who have seen, heard and read her history will follow her signs to find their way home no matter where they go in the future. That sign, like a lighted night light, is colorful and beautiful with the land under our feet.

My hometown Leshan, called history in ancient times, is a famous city. Her city has a long history, with Mount Emei around it and Leshan Giant Buddha at the foot of Lingyun Mountain nearby, all of which are familiar to the world. And there is a building called "Bijin Building", which once shone in the historical geography of China, tempting many famous literati and poets to leave countless poems for her.

The existence and disappearance of Bijin Building witnessed an idiom: vicissitudes. Today I will tell the story of this building.

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The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poems in China. It is said that it originated from BC 1000 years ago, when it belonged to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Among them, there is a well-known song Guan Yu, in Hezhou. The beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. "This song is about those beautiful waterfowl who choose water and land to play with each other, just like beautiful women being chased by handsome guys. Waterfront oasis has become the first choice for human habitation. The city where Leshan people lived should be pushed to the Han Dynasty as early as possible, which is proved by the cliff tombs of the Han Dynasty all over Leshan city.

At that time, the intersection of Minjiang River and Dadu River was in Mahao between Lingyun Mountain and Wuyou Mountain, not Xiaogongzui today. Due to the flood caused by the intersection of the two rivers, Li Bing and his son, who are in charge of water conservancy, dug an artificial river between the two mountains to divert water. Today, the four Chinese characters "mainstay" hanging on Una Mountain reflect the impact direction of the current at that time.

Minjiang River from north to south and Dadu River from west to east meet at Mahao, forming a large alluvial plain with an included angle. Seen from a height, Jiacheng looks like a phoenix. "Leshan County Records" said: "Fengzhou is now the front dam of the Giant Buddha, commonly known as the Giant Buddha Dam. There was Yuxian Dam in the upper reaches of Nianba in the early Qing Dynasty. The Confucius Temple is in the air and has become a country. " In other words, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (1640 or so), the bustling area of Leshan ancient city was still on the Giant Buddha Dam. At the intersection of the two rivers, there is the most important Bijin Ferry in Leshan ancient city in the south of the city, and on the other side of the river is Mahao, which leads to the direction of Wu Tong Jingyan.

Today, the punching places of online celebrities in Leshan city have been flooded, and we can only find them from the accounts of cultural figures in previous dynasties.

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In 707, Cen Can, a frontier poet, became the mayor of Leshan. "The official residence is close to the estuary, and people are used to hearing the sound of the beach." . The house is at the intersection of two rivers, and listening to the sound of the waves has become a habit. At that time, the Haitong monk in Lingyun Mountain was collecting money everywhere, and it would take six years for the future Leshan Giant Buddha to start construction.

A poet rode a horse in "the cold blowing in the wheel tower and valley on this September night, full of broken boulders like pecking measures", "like a spring gale, at night, the petals of a pear tree have been blown open." When I came to Leshan town, there were not many things, and the steps leading to the court were covered with grass. Every day, the poet watched the reflection of Ling Yunshan invade the threshold, and was awakened by the sound of the beach in his sleep.

Cen Can's poems provide the earliest urban layout of Fengzhou at that time and the later Giant Buddha Dam. At that time, the municipal government and officials lived near the pier ferry, just at the intersection of the two rivers. Since then, the intersection of the two rivers has been linked with the official government.

Du Fu, the main poet of Youjiang Building in Leshan, first mentioned it around 759 AD. He wrote in "Crazy Song for Four Brothers": "This year, history reminds me, and the wine of history drinks around the building. On the first floor, I eat wine and lie downstairs. Long song pays. " Guo Moruo thinks that this poem is similar to Cen Can's style, and suspects that it was written by Cen Can in Leshan. The founding of the People's Republic of China in the Tang Dynasty in 289, until 866 AD, Xue Neng, a native of Fenyang, Shanxi, came to be the mayor, and the Jianglou remained the same. "Jiang Lou, looking at the west, does not bear the responsibility of history but only reports spring."

Leshan Giant Buddha has a long capital construction period, and it has been chiseled for 90 years. After the completion, Maitreya Buddha is facing the Giant Buddha Dam. Around 900 AD, Miracle, a Hunan poet, wrote a poem to Ouyang Bin, who was then the secretariat of Leshan: "The shadow of the elephant falls with the mountain, and the sound of the two rivers flows forward with the county." The elephant refers to Leshan Giant Buddha, which once again illustrates the geographical location of the official residence.

When was the official residence at the intersection of the two rivers built? Poems left by Su Xun, the third father and son of Meishan, when he left Sichuan by boat on 1059 and passed through Leshan. There is a lot of information, Su Xun: "Tie the boat under the long embankment and go south every day." There is already a flood control embankment. Su Shi once wrote a letter to Guo Lun, a tax collector in Leshan: "No one knows the heroes in Hexi, and read the boat at sunset in Jinting." Tianjin, in all the explanations, means ferry. The tax collector works hard, guarding the tax booth from morning till night to check the passing ships.

It is already a.d. 1075 that Bijin Building is clearly mentioned. In this year, Fan Zhen, a native of Chengdu, passed through Leshan, leaving behind "the world of cloud burial and snow mountain paved with silver, and the sun shines on the golden fairy and Bijin." Building houses and repairing tall buildings became a common practice in the Song Dynasty. Earlier 1044, Yueyang Tower in Hunan was rebuilt under the auspices of the famous Teng Zongliang, and Fan Zhongyan, a great writer, was invited to write a paper handed down from ancient times. In the article, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself, worry about the worries of the world first, and be happy with the joy of the world later." The feelings between literati and officialdom have been passed down to this day.

When the time came to the Southern Song Dynasty, the poet Lu You came to Leshan to preside over the work. Litchi house appeared in his poem. Later generations made textual research on "the pipa and the pearl orchid were half destroyed" on the east slope of Lingyun Mountain. In modern times, Mao and monks may agree with this. There are Wang Yun Building and Wanjing Building. The poet was drinking in the rain and wanted to go upstairs. "There is always white rain on the river, and the building looks high at the green hills." The so-called white rain, Leshan dialect, while basking in the sun and raining, is the season of fungus. There is also a Xilin hospital, which deserves attention. Lu You said in his poem: "A country is like a river, it is better to try Xilin." At the end of the sentence, it is stated that "the courtyard gate is the rightmost image." Explain that there is a temple on the dam facing the Buddha statue called West Lin Yuan, which was built in the Tang Dynasty and inscribed by Prime Minister Pei Che.

Many, many years later, an immigrant boss came to invest in Leshan. He chose a corner of the Giant Buddha Dam, built a Buddha-watching building, and set up a cableway across the river at Jiazhou Hotel in Frog Mouth. It is estimated that he only thought of this trick after reading Lu You's poems. Unfortunately, there is a problem with time.

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Be famous before it's too late, Zhang Ailing said.

At the age of 28, he became the mayor of Leshan. This man is Wei Liao Weng of Pujiang in the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been very clever since he was a child. How old was he when he entered school, and he never forgets thousands of words every day. 15 years old, commenting on Han Yu, a great writer, Han Yu Lun has been handed down from generation to generation. 11In 1999, he was admitted to the middle school and learned about Jiading House. A new official took office. Look at what he wrote to Zhang Fang, a scholar: "Shake hands and talk old, and judge talents in the palm of your hand." Feather fan nylon scarf, scholar spirit. "Boat in Korea's mouth, more like the acropolis cup. The scenery of Lingyun Mountain seems to be painful for travelers. It rained for a long time, locking the scenery of a river and not letting the passenger ship sail. If you want to see this upstairs, read all the talents in Shu. " (Zhang Taifu bid farewell to Bijin Building and gave it again).

From the Story of Bijin Building written by Wei Liaoweng, we know that Bijin Building was built by You Hong Zhong around 1202. When the name was taken, the word "Zhu" came out. It is estimated that there will be a big flood soon after the restoration. In just 30 years, in Wei Liaoweng's eyes, "there is nothing in the building". So, Weng listened to the boss's instructions and rebuilt the Bijin Building in the original site, and extended it to increase the height. The upper floor was a building and the lower floor was a hall.

Unfortunately, Mayor Wei only stayed in Leshan for less than two years and then went home to keep the system, so he didn't have time to work harder.

Wei Liaoweng likes to do practical things. According to historical records, the place where he worked promoted talents, cracked down on corrupt officials, and set an example by not being afraid of powerful people and appointing people on their merits, which was quite impressive. Ideologically, Wei Liaoweng inherited Zhu's theory and compromised Lu Jiuyuan's thought, and put forward the idea that "the heart is heaven, and the heart is reason". The heart is the master of all things, and it is one of the China philosophers.

There are many places to climb and play on the Giant Buddha Dam from Wei Liaoweng's drinking in Bijinlou to bid farewell to his friends. Huang Tingjian, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, visited Leshan and left many stories. Later generations built the Fuweng Pavilion in the "Three Miles Outside Nanjiang" of the Giant Buddha Dam. At that time, Leshan, an ancient city, was adjacent to Lingyun Una, where two big rivers meet, and to Emei in the west. 129 1 year "Jiading House" by Wang Yuanliang, a Hangzhou poet, "The county building is divided into bays to see the width of Sichuan. Emei is relatively large, and Lihua Mountain meets Haitang Mountain. " The county building in the poem is the official Bijin building.

However, a wooden house can't stand wind, frost, rain, snow, natural disasters and man-made disasters, plus the periodic flood in 1978. If you add Jerry-building, damage, maintenance, relocation and reconstruction are normal. This is the fate of all places of interest.

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Located in the south of Leshan City, opposite to the Bijin Building of Leshan Giant Buddha, it happened during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty (1473 to 1487), and Han Wei, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, became the well-known year of Leshan in 12, which attracted the most attention of the world. Let's not talk about their poems and wine singing around the wall buildings, just to give a few examples:

"The dangerous building is a hundred-foot pillow in Jiangcheng, which is suffocating in the festival."

"The two rivers are clear and blue, and the glass outside the building is full of autumn." Yan Zheng.

"Dangerous building height and sky, take your time today. Raise your hand, but have doubts about the lunar exploration hole. It's really like climbing a ladder. " Takeshi

"Sichuan is vast in territory and abundant in resources, and the three wins are in history. Unhook Linjiang Tribal Tiger and appoint Daozhou in name only. Luck turns with the ecliptic, and the river flows when it meets the wall. Floating in the Mingyue Pavilion, I plan to pick up the Star Building. " Wei Han's "Bi Jin Lou Bu Gao Ling Yun"

"Gold bold wall downstairs, a few times with high eye fan. Chen Qian has gone to stay in the ruins, and Cui Hao has come back to ask old questions. "Pan Xi. Bijin building

These literati who lived in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty met a good opportunity. Historians believe that Zhu Jianshen was regarded as a wise monarch after twenty-three years on the throne, redressing false and wrong cases, observing people's feelings and making great efforts to govern.

The country is rich and the people are safe, and people always make progress in all aspects. Taking Jingdezhen's ceramic production as an example, the Doucai Chicken Cylinder Cup produced in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, which is used for drinking, has reached an unprecedented level, and has become the best that has been imitated and never surpassed by later generations. Zheng Banqiao, one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty, was also the object of worship in two periods in Ming Dynasty. He wrote such a couplet:

"Moran counts Xuande paper, and a cup of Chenghua kiln is bitter."

20 14 Sotheby's auction house in Hong Kong auctioned a Chenghua Doucai chicken cylinder cup for HK$ 280 million. Now this cup is stored in Shanghai West Coast Art Bonded Warehouse. The owner of the cup is Liu Yiqian, a Shanghai collector. This is beside the point.

1473, Wei Han, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, was transferred from Chongzhou, Sichuan to Leshan. As soon as he took office, he made great efforts. First of all, he focused on education, and by the way, he printed a collection of poems by Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Then, the Confucius Temple moved from Yuxian Dam next to the Giant Buddha Dam, which was often flooded, to the foot of Gaobiao Mountain. With the help of Wei Han, the Confucius Temple finally has a big pattern and atmosphere.

Followed by water conservancy, which was the primary job of ancient officials. Wei Han learned the reasons for the failure of water control of the Giant Buddha Dam and Yuxian Dam in the past, and extensively solicited the opinions of local water control experts. From Bijin Building to the west, it extends in the direction of Banzhu Bay. First, dig eight or nine feet down in the river and put the hardwood from Tongshan (the upper reaches of Dadu River) to form a structure similar to a wooden cabinet. I suspect that the Tongshan wood mentioned here is Zhennanmu, also called Jin Sinan, which is a specialty of Leshan area. When the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing, the pillars supporting the main hall came from Zhongdu Town, Pingbian. Enlarge the stones in the wooden cabinet, and the stones are as dense as combs, and then put stones on them, or alternately layer them. Many years later, many people who took pebbles from the river by sand mining dug up ebony-like treasures from the old river and made them into furniture to sell at high prices.

The width of the river bank is more than 3.3 meters, so cars can pass today. Four meters tall, equivalent to 6.4 meters, is nearly the height of four adults. The river bank is 398 feet long, about1200m. Willows are planted all over the embankment, with developed roots and solid soil and stones. Wei Han was still worried. He put a cornerstone in the river outside the bank. Thousands of wood, lime and iron products were used in the whole project. In addition to thousands of professionals, the government also provides oil, salt and fish for sentenced prisoners in eight county prisons. After more than two years of careful construction, it is successful. Later generations respectfully call this section of river embankment built by Wei Han Gong Weidi, which is comparable to the "Su Causeway" of Hangzhou West Lake.

Bijin Building also took the opportunity to rebuild. The new building is still built on the levee, and the lower part consists of a hard embankment, similar to a railing tower. Of course, the area is several times that of the river bank. From the analysis of a large number of poems, Bijin Building is not less than 30-40 meters high, with upturned cornices and exquisite structure. It stands proudly in the south of the city, facing the giant Buddha's grandfather, with its back to Emei Fairy Mountain and overlooking the river from left to right. It is a magnificent tall building in ancient times. Scholars in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty lamented that such a spectacular Jianglou must have the talent of Li Bai to write matching words in Tang Dynasty:

"An old friend resigned from the Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails overlook the blue sky, but I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. "

The poems I mentioned above describing Bijin Building are just some works written by people from all walks of life when Mayor Wei Han came to work in Leshan. Interested readers can look for two books published by Shi Zhiban and Xiuzhi in the Central District of Leshan, namely "Collected Works of Leshan Past Dynasties" and "Collected Poems of Leshan Past Dynasties". Generally speaking, writing Leshan cannot be separated from these two famous books. The editors are all husbands of the late Mr. Mao.

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Time is like running water. History can be traced back to the tenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1497), that is, more than 20 years after Wei Han presided over the restoration of Gong Wei levee and the reconstruction of Bijin Building, Hubei native Mao Xun came to Leshan as the director of education. In his eyes, "Bijin Building leans on the Shuangjiang River, and it is extremely thoughtful to board the boat."

By 1528, several promising figures in Leshan were called "Jiading four admonitions". They didn't respect the etiquette of the emperor, and many other officials, including Yang Shen, the champion of Xindu, raised objections and were sentenced to be dismissed. Bijin Building is still like a warm lighthouse, calling and comforting Leshan children Cheng Qichong, Xu, Peng, and others who stick to the traditional clan system.

"Bijin fishing fires shine on Jiangcheng, and the sound of the beach under the city rings all night." This was written by Yang Shen: "The Yangtze River flows eastward, the water disappears, and the waves wash away all heroes. Success or failure is empty, the green hills are still there, and the sunset is a few degrees. " Yang Shen traveled from Yunnan to Leshan, visiting several friends who were in trouble together. He stayed in the poems of Tianjin Building on the south wall of Leshan. "Don't blow the flute and willow, it's hard to go back to the garden."

From Cen Can to Leshan, there are some small dynasties living in the official residence in the south of the city. Nearly 800 years later, Bijin Building in Leshan Ancient City witnessed the most splendid history and culture in China. Her disappearance is a witness to the change of life.

In the late Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the words of Bijin Building disappeared. Yao Ruxun, a native of Yongkang, Zhejiang, is the mayor of Leshan. In his poem, there are no wooden tiles in the south of the city, and the ancient city retreated from the Big Buddha Dam to Xiaogongzui. "The new sky rises in front of the building, and the wine goes upstairs. Fishing in a lonely boat, Xiao Temple has a faint smoke. " The building at this time is called the South Building, next to the Xiaogong Temple.

From then on, the history of Leshan ancient city, with Xiao Gong Temple as the fulcrum, the main entrance, Yuxian Gate, Wangyangmen and Laixun Gate in the west, and An Lan Gate, Lingyun Gate, Ziqimen, Tianlu Gate and Hanchun Gate in the north.

By the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the water in Dadu River was unbridled, forming two main waterways. One is along the city wall built in the late Ming Dynasty, and the other is south of the Giant Buddha Dam, which gradually accumulates and forms many banded beaches and middle dams.

In August 2020, people living in the Giant Buddha Dam were safely transferred, and the Giant Buddha Dam became an empty dam. It is said that the Giant Buddha Dam will be developed into a tourist hotspot in the future, resulting in a large number of boring antique buildings. One day, Bijin Building may be completely transformed. The lost Gu Lou will become a new thing in the south of the city.

Moreover, in the early years of the Republic of China, Leshan built a Xicheng Park under the outer city of Zhan 'ermen, and built a building called "Bijin Building". Now there is a building called Bijin Building on the road from Lingyun Mountain in Leshan to Ma Hao. At first it was a restaurant, but now I don't know what to do. It was built by Mr. Huang and Mr. Luo Boheng of Leshan Cultural Center near 1978, and the address was chosen at the location of the original Sichuan main temple. It is different from the ancient Bijin Building. It's as embarrassing as the Ding Dong well was buried in the 1980s to build a road, and then a place was found to dig a hole and put up a sign next to it.

Of course, their original intention is also to commemorate Bijin Building, which once stood in the Giant Buddha Dam in the south of Leshan City.

(Remarks: All materials in this article refer to the translation and reading of poems left by scholars in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. )