What are the main nationalities in world history?

In the impression of some people in China, when it comes to the Germanic nation, it seems that it only refers to the Germans. In fact, this is a big misunderstanding! ! !

A In the late Roman Empire, the Germans formed several main branches, such as East Goth, West Goth, Frank, Burgundy, Vandal, Angles, Saxony, Norman and so on. (Of course, there are some small branches).

B Lombardi, the main body of ostrogoths, later merged with Rome and became a modern northern Italian;

Visigoths constitute an important source of Spanish and Portuguese today;

French and Belgian Walloons (speaking French) are the result of the integration of some Franks and Celts (namely Gauls);

Another part of Franks and most Saxons are the ancestors of Germanic, Austrian, most Swiss, Dutch and Flemish (Dutch-speaking) in Belgium.

Angles, Saxons (that is, Saxons) and Jutes arrived in England;

Some of the Norman people are naturally the ancestors of various nationalities in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and other places today, while others have merged into English, French (North), Irish and Eastern Slavic.

As for saboteurs, have you ever heard of sabotage? The king of destruction among Germans! Under the wave of so-called barbarians invading the Roman Empire, they invaded Carthage in North Africa and founded the country through Spain. Later, in the 1920s, they crossed the sea to the north, captured Rome, the city of ten thousand cities, and almost all of them were burned down, which was much more famous than Xiang Yu in China at the end of Qin Dynasty, hence the name of looting. About a century later, Justinian of the Eastern Roman Empire sent troops to North Africa and destroyed the kingdom of Vandal. Since then, the Vandals have disappeared without a trace, and it is generally believed that they have assimilated to the local aborigines and later Arabs (the Vandals will always have only four or five hundred thousand people). So, can you insist that Zidane, the former world footballer, has no saboteurs?

In a word, Vandals are the worst in the history of glorious Germans, and they are not constructive at all.

Of course, the relationship between Germans and some ethnic groups in Europe today is discussed at a very general level. The actual evolution process is obviously more complicated than this, so the blood will be more mixed. But what is certain is that, by comparison, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Icelanders, Dutch, British and Germans are definitely the purest descendants of Germans.

For example, after the fall of the Roman Empire, foreign enemies invaded England many times until A.D. 1066, but they were all Germans: first the Anglo-Saxons and Jutes, then the Vikings, Danes and Normans (the latter three were actually collectively called Normans and belonged to the northern branch of the Germans). The native Celts and ancient Britons were deported to the north and the west respectively, forming today's Scotland and Wales (Catherine Zeta-Jones is Wales).

The Excellence of the Germans is self-evident. Its outstanding racial temperament, such as liberalism and individualism, contract concept and brave and adventurous spirit, together with great Christian belief and precious heritage of ancient Greece and Rome, have determined from the beginning that western civilization will prevail in the future world.

Viking is Viking. They have been invading the European coast and the British Isles from the 8th century to 1 1 century, covering a vast territory from the European continent to the Arctic. This period is called "Viking period" in Europe. In English, this word was introduced from the legend of18th century, and there is another saying that it may come from the old Norse. "vik" means "bay" and "ing" means "from", because some vikings later settled in the British island and traded.

The word "vikingr" once appeared on the ancient stone tablet of Juniper in Scandinavia, and it also means "adventure at sea" in Icelandic. In English, the word "wicing" first appeared in ancient Anglo-Saxon poems in the 6th century, which meant pirates, but at that time, the British did not call the Vikings vikings. The word "Viking" disappeared in Middle English, but reappeared in the legends of18th century. In the 20th century, "Viking" not only meant pirates, but also extended its meaning to Scandinavians, and many new words appeared, such as "Viking Age", "Viking Culture" and "Viking Colony".

Later, Scandinavians engaged in commercial activities along the Russian river until the Byzantine Empire, and set up colonies along the river to settle down, so businessmen from Scandinavia were later called vikings, and Scandinavians in North America were also called vikings by English speakers. In fact, not all Scandinavians are pirates. Like Europeans in other regions, they are farmers, fishermen and hunters. They also set up a fleet to stop the invasion of pirates. Calling all Scandinavians vikings will cause confusion.

Slavs' homeland is in central eastern Europe, and now it is eastern Poland. Its left neighbor, now Poland, reached the south and west of the Baltic Sea, where the Germanic nation originated.

Since the first century, Germans have been exposed to Roman culture in the south. At first, the Germans themselves acted as mercenaries and servants of the Romans, and then they sold a large number of Slavs captured by them to the Romans as slaves. Over time, the names "slave" and "Slavic" became the names of Slavic people in turn. Regarding the division of various branches of Slavic nationality, the general view is that the West Slavic nationality includes: Czechs (considered to be basically Germanic), Slovaks and Poles; Eastern Slavs include: Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians; Yugoslavs include Croats, Serbs, Slovenes, Macedonians and Bulgarians, while Albanians and Bosnians are Slavs who were mixed with Turks and islamized during the conquest and rule of the Balkans by the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Romanians who also live in the Balkans are not Slavs, although they are in the hinterland of Slavs. Their original race and the Roman empire belonged to the Dacia race at the same time, and were later annexed by Rome and merged into Roman descent. After a long period of turmoil, their bloodlines did not change much until Petrenegger from the eastern grassland and then Polovets invaded Romania and ruled for a short time. So it also injected some blood of Eurasian nomads into Romania, and then magyars ... In European countries, the Romanians' ethnic groups are more complicated, but from the linguistic point of view, Romania basically belongs to Latin, which should belong to Latin, not Slavic. Slavs believe in the Orthodox Church (Albanians and Bosnians believe in Islam, while Croats and Slovenes converted to Catholicism due to the long-term rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in history), using the Orthodox calendar and replacing Latin letters with Trier letters. In 1000 BC, guslav people lived on the vast plains in central and eastern Europe, with the earliest branches in the middle reaches of Oder River, Vistula River and Dnieper River, and then gradually extended to the surrounding areas, reaching Elbe River and Don River in the west, Oka River and Volga River in the east, Baltic Sea in the north and Carpathian Mountain in the south. The Slavic language they use is synonymous with * * * *. Ancient literature called them Venetians. The term "Slavs" has only been used since the 6th century. According to ancient records, these people live in the mountains and like to walk quickly. Around the first century A.D., the expanding tribes in guslav gradually divided into two branches, the east and the west, and the south branch was formed in the 6th and 7th centuries. * * * disappeared with Slavic. Form three languages: East, West and South. Eastern Slavic is also called Old Russian. The Eastern Slavs gradually spread to all parts of the present Eastern European Plain. In the 6th century, he lived in the Dniester River in the west, the Dnieper River in the east, the northern shore of the Black Sea and the Daviswa River in the north. They once made an alliance with the Avar people who spoke Turkic in the northwest of Caspian Sea (Donghu people, Xianbei people, originated in the northeast of China, that is, in the heyday of China's history, and were defeated by the subordinate Jiannu Turks, and invaded Europe for many years after moving westward). Avar people called it antes, which means "loyal friends", and later Byzantines also called it antes. In addition, the northern Xiongnu who moved westward after the defeat of the Han nationality also played a decisive role. In Lin Han's A General History of Huns, it is mentioned: "Around 435-447 AD, Huns (much more than Hungary) living in the grasslands of southern Russia were forced to accept Attila's rule, and even Slavs may have entered western Europe and southern Europe for the first time as" slaves of Huns ". Antes was divided into more than 30 tribes in the 8th and 9th centuries, and these tribes formed three main tribal alliance groups.

Northern Ethnic Groups: Slovaks are located in Lovgrad and Creevy are located in Smolensk and Polotsk. Eastern groups: Among them, Viaggi people live in the present Ryazan city, Latimitch people live in the present Gomel city and Kriyev area, and Chevalier people live in the present Chernigov city.

Southwest Formation: Among them, Polians live along the Dnieper River and downstream of its tributaries (from the mouth of Pripyat River to the Rossi River). They are the most economically and culturally developed Slavs in the east, and later played a major role in the establishment of the ancient Russian state. The center of their tribal alliance developed to Kiev. Draver Lai people are in the west of Bolian people, and ulrich people are in the southwest of Bolian people. In addition, there are Dragovich people, Dullebo people and so on.

In the first half of the 9th century, early state organizations appeared in the middle reaches of the Tiber River and the Ilmen Lake area, which later became the foundation of Kiev Ross.

In this process, the Gullas tribe was formed. 13-15th century, Gullas tribes were divided into three ethnic groups: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian. Russian people living between the Aochang River and the Volga River, north of the Volga River, with Moscow as the center. Russian tribes living in the west between Pripyat River and Sidvina River formed the Belarusian nation (named after wearing white clothes), and Russian tribes living in the south formed the Ukrainian nation (they were called Little Russians by tsarist Russia in the middle of17th century). All three ethnic groups have their own independent national languages.