Classification of football

Main contents of football teaching in primary schools

Basic techniques of football

1. What is football technology?

Technology: it is the ability of athletes to complete single actions such as passing, dribbling and shooting.

2. What is football skill?

Skills: refers to the ability of athletes to choose the right technology at the right time and place according to their own needs. Technical skills require athletes to make a correct judgment on which technology to use according to the situation of their opponents and companions in the competition, so skills are more unpredictable.

3. Types of football skills

Football techniques can be divided into two categories: techniques with the ball and techniques without the ball.

Non-ball technology

Start: start in the same place and start in the activity.

Running: fast running, sprint running, curve running, broken line running, sideways running, shoulder running and backward running.

Emergency stop: front emergency stop and rear emergency stop.

Turn around; Turn forward, turn back.

Fake action: Fake action without the ball.

Ball technique

Kicking: in front of instep, inside instep, outside instep, inside instep, toes and heels.

Stop the ball: the inside of the foot (arch), the sole of the foot, the front side of the instep, the outside of the instep, the chest, abdomen, thighs and head. Heading: the front of forehead and the side of forehead.

Dribble: inside instep, outside instep, in front of instep and inside instep.

Interception: frontal gun interception, reasonable collision interception, lateral back tackle and interception.

Fake action: fake action with the ball.

Throw the ball out of bounds: throw the ball in place, run up and throw the ball.

Goalkeeper skills: preparing posture, moving, selecting position, catching, catching, hitting, holding, throwing and kicking. 1, bouncing ball

Heading ball refers to the technical action that an athlete touches the ball continuously with all effective parts of his body and controls the ball so that it does not land as much as possible. Classification of balls: including the ball inside and outside the foot, the ball on the front side of the instep, the ball on the thigh, the ball on the chest, the ball on the shoulder and the ball on the head.

Step 2 play football

Kicking refers to the technique that an athlete purposefully hits the ball with his feet to a predetermined target.

(1) inside kick

Features: large contact area, strong controllability, smooth and accurate transmission, which is a common footwork for short-distance passing and shooting.

Action method: Run straight up when kicking the ball, and keep your eyes on the ball when stepping. When your feet touch the ground, your toes should be in the same direction as the ball, and you should be 10 ~ 15 cm away from the ball, with your knees slightly flexed and your arms naturally open, so as to maintain a good body balance. The kicking leg swings from back to front with the hip joint as the axis. When swinging forward, the hip joint is abduction, the foot is inclined, the inside of the foot is about 90 degrees with the direction of the ball, and the thigh drives the calf to swing quickly. When hitting the ball, push the heel forward, tighten the ankle hard, and hit the back middle of the ball with the inner part of the foot. After hitting the ball, the kick should continue to maintain the shape when hitting the ball and swing forward with the ball.

(2) Kicking inside instep

Features: smooth kicking and swinging, large amplitude, large ball contact area, powerful ball delivery, and changeable performances and lines. It is an important way to shoot and pass the ball in the middle and long distance.

Action method: diagonal run-up, the run-up direction is about 45 degrees from the ball-out direction, the supporting foot actively touches the ground along the sole of the foot, and steps on the side and back of the ball for 25 ~ 30 cm, the knee joint bends slightly, the toes point to the ball-out direction, and the body leans slightly to the supporting foot side. While supporting the foot to land, the body rotates in the direction of the ball, the kicking leg takes the hip joint as the axis, and the thigh drives the calf to swing in an arc from back to front. At the moment when the knee is lifted near the vertical top on the inside of the ball, the calf accelerates, the toes are slightly turned outwards, the foot surface is straight, the toes are stretched straight, and the feet point obliquely downward, and the lower part of the ball is hit with the instep inside. After kicking the ball, the kick continues to carry the ball.

(3) kick on the instep.

Features: the kick swings greatly, moves smoothly, and is easy to exert force. But it does not change the line and performance of the ball, and is suitable for long-distance passing and powerful shooting.

Action method: straight run-up, body close to the ball, eyes tightly staring at the ball. When striding and supporting, the stride should be large and positive. Generally, the support foot steps on one side of the back edge of the ball at 10 ~ 15 cm, and the toes are in the same direction as the ball, and the knee joint is slightly flexed. The kick is supported by stride, while the thigh is pulled back and the calf is bent back as much as possible. While supporting your feet on the ground, bend over to send your hips. At the same time, when the leg is supported by diagonal braces as straight braces, the thigh drives the calf to swing from back to front with the hip joint as the axis. When the knee is raised close to the upper back of the ball, the calf accelerates. At the moment of hitting the ball, the instep is stretched straight, the ankle is pressed down, and the back middle of the ball is hit with the front of the instep. After hitting the ball, the kick should continue to swing forward with the ball.

Step 3 dribble

Dribble is an action that athletes push and pluck the ball with their feet in order to control the ball within their own range during running.

(1) dribble in the foot

Features: often used to change direction. You can get rid of each other's encirclement and grab forward. The advantage is that the strength is easy to master, but the disadvantage is that the route is fixed and it is easy to be robbed.

Action essentials

The support foot is in front of the ball, and the knee is slightly flexed. When the body moves forward, the back middle of the ball is pushed with the inner foot, and when changing direction, it is usually that the two feet push the ball alternately.

(2) dribbling inside the instep

Features: stable ball control and slow dribbling speed, suitable for covering dribbling or dribbling change direction.

Action method: Turn your body slightly sideways, relax naturally, with a small stride, lean forward, lift the dribbling leg for abduction, bend your knees slightly outward, lift the paddle, point your toes outward, and make the instep face the dribbling direction. Before the dribbling foot lands, push the ball with the instep to make the ball move forward with your body.

(3) The instep dribbles on the front

Features: the direct push speed is fast, but the route is single, and there needs to be a large depth distance in front when dribbling.

Action method: when dribbling, the body is in a normal running posture, the upper body leans forward slightly, and the stride length should not be too large. The dribbling leg is raised, the knee joint is slightly flexed, the knee joint is sent forward, the toes are raised, and the toes are facing down. Before touching the ground, push the ball forward with the front and middle of the instep.

(4) Dribble on the outside of the instep

Features: strong flexibility and variability, easy control of dribbling direction and speed, and easy protection of the ball.

Methods: When dribbling, the body is in a normal running posture, the upper body leans forward slightly, and the stride length should not be too large. The dribbling leg is raised, the knee joint is slightly bent forward, the toes are slightly turned inward, pointing obliquely downward, so that the outside of the instep faces the dribbling direction. Before the dribbling foot hits the ground, push the back middle of the ball with the outside of the instep.

Step 4 catch the ball

Catch the ball refers to the action method that athletes use the effective parts of their bodies to catch the running ball purposefully and control it in the required position.

(1) The inside of the foot touches the ground ball.

Features: stable grip, strong reliability, flexible action and wide use.

Action method: support the toes to face the ball, bend the knee joint, and face the ball with the shoulder on the same side. The catch leg lifts the knee and thigh to abduction, the toes are slightly tilted, the sole of the foot is basically parallel to the ground, and the inside of the foot is facing the incoming ball, facing forward. When the inside of the foot touches the ball, it quickly retreats and connects the ball to the foot.

(2) The sole of the foot catches the ball

Features: simple action, stable and reliable ball control, suitable for catching head-on ball or rebound ball.

Action method: the body faces the direction of the incoming ball and moves forward. The supporting feet stand on the side of the ball (front or back), the toes face the direction of the incoming ball, and the knee joint flexes. At the same time, grab the leg, slightly bend the knee joint and slightly bend the foot, so that the included angle between the sole and the ground is less than 45 degrees (and the heel is lifted off the ground). Generally, it is advisable for the forefoot to contact the upper part of the ball. At the moment of touching the ball, the catching foot can bend its foot slightly (the point under the forefoot) to stop the ball, or it can push or pull the ball forward or backward as needed while catching the ball.

(3) The thigh catches the ball

Features: large contact area, simple and easy to do. Suitable for falling a high ball with a certain curvature.

Action method: Facing the incoming direction, quickly move the ball into position according to the falling point of the ball, raise the thigh of the ball receiving leg, lower the thigh when the ball touches the thigh, and connect the ball to the required position.

(4) Grasp the chest

Features: high contact point, wide area, stable catching, suitable for catching high-altitude balls above the chest.

Action method: stand facing the ball (with your feet open left and right or back and forth), with your knees slightly bent, your center of gravity on the support surface, your upper and lower back tilted, your jaw slightly retracted, your arms naturally opened and your balance maintained. At the moment of touching the ball, your feet touch the ground, your knees are straight, and the lower part of the ball is gently supported with your chest, so that the ball bounces slightly above your chest.

Step 5 head the ball

(1) Forehead Heading

Features: the ball touching part is straight, the action force is smooth, and the direction of the ball is easy to control.

Heading action in situ: the body faces the incoming ball, eyes are fixed on the ball in motion, feet are spread left and right (or back and forth), knees are slightly bent, the center of gravity is placed on the supporting surface between feet (or hind feet), and arms are naturally spread out. When the ball runs to the vertical line perpendicular to the ground, the legs push hard to the ground, the body swings forward quickly, and the jaw is slightly retracted. At the moment of touching the ball, the neck vibrates explosively and the middle part is hit with the forehead.

The action method of jumping the header: bend your knees and lower your center of gravity, then take off with your feet firmly, swing your arms up and bend your elbows. In the rising stage of the body, the abdomen and chest are expanded, the arms are naturally opened, and the eyes are fixed on the ball, and the body naturally becomes a back arch. When the ball moves to the forehead of the body, the abdomen is quickly closed, the upper body swings forward, and the neck vibrates explosively at the moment of touching the ball, and the ball is pushed out with the front part of the forehead. At the same time, the legs swing forward. After the ball is pushed out, the legs bend their knees and the ankles bend to the ground.

6. Snatch

(1) Head-on ball catcher

Action method: The ball snatcher opens his feet back and forth, stands facing the dribbler, slightly bends his knees, and lowers his body center of gravity between his feet. When the distance between the distant ball snatcher and the ball snatcher is reduced to a certain range (that is, the ball snatcher may touch the ball by taking a big step forward), when the dribbler's foot touches the ball about to land or just landed, the ball snatcher stomps his foot forward to block the ball. When a ball is blocked, another ball. If the ball grabbing foot blocks the ball, the two opponents also block the ball. The ball grabbing person should quickly move the other foot forward as a supporting foot, and the ball grabbing foot can be pulled up quickly without leaving the ball, so that the ball can roll over the opponent's foot, and the body center of gravity can quickly keep up with the ball and control it well.

(2) Reasonable side collision to grab the ball

Action method: When the defender and the dribbler run side by side to chase the ball, the defender's center of gravity drops slightly, and the arm close to the other side clings to the body. Use the process of the opponent's ipsilateral foot off the ground, hit the same part of the opponent with the elbow joint, so that the opponent's body loses balance and takes the opportunity to control the ball.

7. Throw the foul ball in place

Action method: fingers open naturally, hold the second half of the ball, thumb together, jaw opposite. Open your feet back and forth or parallel, bend your knees slightly, put the ball behind your head, put your body center of gravity on your feet, and lean back. When pitching, put your feet on the ground, tuck in your abdomen and bend your body. At the same time, the arm swings forward quickly, the body center of gravity moves forward, and the wrist, arm, waist and abdomen simultaneously throw the ball hard.

8. goalkeeper skills

(1) Prepare posture

Action method: open your feet about shoulder width, bend your knees naturally, lean forward slightly, lift your heels slightly, focus on the palms of your front feet, bend your arms naturally, palms down, and keep your eyes on the ball.

(2) Catch the ball by hand

Hand shape: When catching the ball, the hands are naturally open, the thumbs are opposite, the index finger and thumb form a "peach shape", the fingers should touch the middle part of the ball, and the upper end of the palm slightly touches the ball (the palm can't touch the ball). At the moment of catching the ball, both hands should have buffering action to firmly connect the ball in their hands.

(2) Ground ball:

Action methods: vertical grab and one knee vertical grab. When you catch the ball upright, your feet are naturally close together, your toes are aimed at the ball, your upper body leans forward, your arms droop naturally, your fingers are naturally open, your palms are forward, and your hands catch the ball at the bottom. After catching the ball, your arms bend at the same time and approach each other, holding the ball to your chest.

Match formation of five-a-side football

2-2 formation

This is a basic formation. When defending, the two defenders use man-to-man protection and make up the position, which can defend the other two aggressive forwards, and the two forwards can return to the defense to prevent the other two defenders from cooperating with the assists. After breaking the ball, they can quickly break through the opponent's defense line or cross the ball from the middle or the side, which is more suitable for the tactical characteristics of total football.

1-2- 1 stratum

Strengthening the offensive and defensive strength of the midfield and pushing the defense to the midfield can form a situation of playing more and playing less.

3- 1 stratum

A typical defensive counterattack, when the opponent's skill and ability are higher than the team's, this formation is adopted. After breaking the ball, you can use the opportunity of the opposing team to quickly break through the shot.

Some suggestions on football class;

1. Pay attention to the overall exercise of the body and keep the balanced development of all parts of the body.

2. Pay attention to moderate intensity and quantity of exercise, and make reasonable arrangements according to the actual situation of students.

3. Flexible teaching methods and various practical contents and methods can stimulate and mobilize students' practical enthusiasm.

4. According to the needs, classroom exercises and group exercises can be used for teaching.

5. Teaching methods should highlight students' dominant position and improve students' ability of self-study and self-practice.