Which province in China is the best to introduce?

I. Geography and inhabitants

Taiwan Province Province is located on the continental shelf in the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, from east longitude11918' 03 "to north latitude124 34' 30" to 20 45' 25 "north latitude. Taiwan Province Province is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Ryukyu Islands in the northeast, about 600 kilometers apart; South of bashi channel, about 300 kilometers away from the Philippines; It faces Fujian across the Taiwan Province Strait in the west, with the narrowest point 130 km. Taiwan Province Province is the center of the western Pacific waterway and an important transportation hub for maritime links among countries in the Pacific region.

The Taiwan Province Strait extends from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea of China in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is about 200 nautical miles long and 70 to 22 1 nautical mile wide, with an average width of about 108 nautical mile. It is an important maritime traffic artery as well as an international maritime traffic artery. Ships traveling between the East China Sea and the South China Sea in China will pass through here. Ships from Europe, Africa, South Asia, Oceania and the eastern coast of China also pass through here. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean to the Sea of Japan generally pass through here.

Taiwan Province Province is located in the southeast of China, covering an area of 36,000 square kilometers, including Taiwan Province Island (covering an area of 35,800 square kilometers), Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Pengjiayu and chiwei yu. The whole province is divided into 7 cities 16 counties.

Taiwan Province Province is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for more than two thirds of the total area. The mountains in Taiwan Province Province are parallel to the northeast-southwest trend of Taiwan Province Island and vertically located in the central and eastern part of Taiwan Province Island, forming the topographic features of the eastern mountainous area, the middle hilly area and the western plain of Taiwan Province Island. There are five mountains, four plains and three great basin mountains on the island of Taiwan Province Province, namely, Central Mountain, Snow Mountain, Yushan Mountain, Alishan Mountain and Taitung Mountain, Yilan Plain, Jianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain, Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin. The central mountain runs through the north and south, and Yushan is 3952 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in East China. Taiwan Province Island is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt and volcanic belt, with unstable crust and frequent earthquakes.

The climate in Taiwan Province Province is warm in winter and hot in summer, with abundant rainfall, and there are many typhoons and rainstorms in summer and autumn. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the central part of Taiwan Province Island, with subtropical climate in the north and tropical climate in the south. The annual average temperature (except in mountainous areas) is 22℃, and the annual precipitation is more than 2000 mm. Abundant rainfall has created favorable conditions for the development of rivers on the island. There are 608 rivers flowing into the sea alone, with fast-flowing water, numerous waterfalls and abundant hydraulic resources. Among them, the rivers with the length exceeding100km include Zhuoshui River (186.4km), Gaoping River (170.9km), Danshui River (158.7km) and Dajiaxi River (10).

The agricultural area of Taiwan Province Province accounts for about a quarter of the land area, and it is rich in rice, with good quality and high yield in two or three seasons a year. The main cash crops are sucrose and tea. There are more than 90 kinds of vegetables, and the planting area is second only to rice. Taiwan Province Province is called "Fruit Kingdom", and there are many kinds of fruits. The output value of flowers is also considerable.

The forest area in Taiwan Province Province accounts for about 52% of the total area. Taiping Mountain in Taipei, Baxian Mountain in Taichung and Alishan in Chiayi are three famous forest areas, with 326 million cubic meters of timber reserves and nearly 4,000 species of trees, among which Taiwania flousiana, Castanopsis kawakamii, Cinnamomum camphora and Phoebe bournei are world-famous, and the output of camphor and camphor oil accounts for about 70% of the world total.

Taiwan Province Province is surrounded by the sea, with a total coastline of 1600 km. Because it is located at the intersection of cold current and warm current, fishery resources are rich. The eastern coastal waters are deep and the fishing ban period is endless; The western seabed is an extension of the continental shelf, which is relatively flat, rich in benthic fish and shellfish, and relatively developed in offshore fisheries and aquaculture. Offshore fishing is also relatively developed.

Taiwan Province Province is rich in water power, forest and fishery resources, but other natural resources are limited. Self-produced energy is only a small amount of coal and natural gas, and there are few metal minerals such as gold, silver, copper and iron, which are mainly stored in volcanic areas in the northern and central mountainous areas.

Since the 1960s, Taiwan Province Province has paid attention to the development of industry, and now it has formed an island-type industrial and commercial economy with processing and export as its mainstay. Industries include textiles, electronics, sugar, plastics and electricity. There are processing export zones in Kaohsiung, Taichung and Nanzi. North to Keelung and south to Kaohsiung, there are electrified railways and expressways, and air and sea routes can reach five continents.

According to the statistics of Taiwan Province Province, as of August 1998, the population of Taiwan Province Province was more than 2 18 10000, and the population of Jinmen and Mazu, the total was more than 2 1860000. The annual population growth rate is about 7.3 1%. The population is mainly concentrated in the western plain, and the population in the east accounts for only 4% of the total population. The average population density is 568.83 people per square kilometer, and the population density of Taipei, the political, economic and cultural center and the largest city, has reached 10000 people per square kilometer.

Among the residents in Taiwan Province Province, the Han nationality accounts for about 98% of the total population; Ethnic minorities account for 2%, about 380,000 people. According to different languages and customs, ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province are divided into 9 ethnic groups, including Ami, Atayal, paiwan, Bunun, Beinan, Rukai, Cao, Yami and Yi, which are distributed in different areas of Taiwan Province Province.

In terms of administrative divisions, Taiwan Province Province governs five provincial cities, namely Keelung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi and Tainan, and 16 counties, including Taipei, Yilan, Taoyuan, Hsinchu Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien and Penghu. Taiwan Province provincial authorities designated Taibei in 1967 and Kaohsiung in 1979 as "the city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan". In addition, there is a so-called "Fujian Provincial Government" which governs Jinmen and Lianjiang (Mazu) counties.

There are Sun Moon Lake, Alishan, Yangming Mountain, Beitou Hot Spring, Tainan Chikan Tower, Beigang Mazu Tempel and so on.

Xiamen and Taiwan Province Province, facing each other across the sea, have a superior geographical position and a good deep-water port. Xiamen has been known as the "southeast gateway" since ancient times. Since the Song Dynasty, Xiamen and Taiwan Province Province belong to the same administrative unit, and mainland immigrants began to move from Xiamen to Taiwan Province Province. Similar geographical location, climatic conditions and living habits have communicated the close relationship and contacts between Xiamen and the people of Taiwan Province Province. As the Taiwan Provincial Government Records said, "Taiwan Province and Xiamen are like two wings of a bird, and local customs say that Xiamen is Taiwan Province and Taiwan Province is Xiamen". 70% of Taiwan Province people's ancestral home comes from southern Fujian, and the people of the two places are like brothers. This special geographical and historical relationship makes Xiamen a transit point and traffic artery for all kinds of exchanges with Taiwan Province Province, and also a concentrated place for economic and trade exchanges.

Second, the historical overview

In ancient times, Taiwan Province Province was connected with the mainland. Later, due to the crustal movement, the connected parts sank into the sea, forming a strait, and Taiwan Province Island appeared.

Most of the early residents of Taiwan Province Province immigrated directly or indirectly from Chinese mainland. 197 1 year and 1974, the earliest human fossils in Taiwan Province province were discovered twice, and they were named "Zuo Zhenren". Archaeologists believe that Zuo Zhenren came to Taiwan Province Province from the mainland 30,000 years ago. Both Liu Qingren and Dongshan Ren, discovered in Fujian archaeology, belong to the late Homo sapiens in the southern Paleolithic region of China, and they are of the same origin and both inherit some characteristics of China Homo erectus. Among the early residents of Taiwan Province Province, there are a few short black people belonging to the Tuo nationality in nigri and Langya people belonging to the Ryukyu nationality. The early residents of Taiwan Province Province mentioned above are the ancestors of the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province today.

The recorded history of Taiwan Province Province can be traced back to 230 AD. At that time, King Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms sent 1000 officers and men to Yizhou (Taiwan Province Province), and Kuloko Shen of the State of Wu wrote the earliest account of Taiwan Province Province in the world. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties (AD 589-6 18), Taiwan Province Province was called "Liuqiu". The Sui Dynasty worked as a teacher in Taiwan Province Province for three times. According to historical records, in 6 10 A.D. (the sixth year of Sui Daye), Han people began to migrate to Penghu. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960- 1368), there had been a considerable number of Han people in Penghu. After the Han people opened Penghu, they began to develop in Taiwan Province Province, bringing advanced production technology at that time. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/2nd century, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and sent troops to defend it. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan Province Province. The Yuan and Ming governments set up a patrol inspection department in Penghu, which was responsible for patrolling criminals and holding salt classes. In the late Ming Dynasty, the scale of development became larger and larger. In the era of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming government and Zheng Zhilong Group immigrated to Taiwan Province Province in an organized way.

/kloc-in the 6th century, the western colonial forces such as Spain and the Netherlands developed rapidly and began to extend their tentacles to the east. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the Dutch colonialists took advantage of the difficulties of the Ming government, the peasant uprising at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the growing power of Manchu in Northeast China to invade Taiwan Province Province. Soon, the Spanish occupied parts of northern and eastern Taiwan Province Province, and were driven away by the Dutch in 1642, and Taiwan Province Province became a Dutch colony. Dutch colonialists enforced compulsory rule, took the land for themselves, forced people to pay various taxes, plundered rice and sugar in Taiwan Province Province, and re-exported raw silk, sugar and porcelain purchased from China to other countries through Taiwan Province Province, thus making high profits. The rule of Dutch colonists aroused the resistance of the people in Taiwan Province Province. 1652 In September, the peasant leader Guo Huaiyi led a large-scale armed uprising. Although the armed uprising was suppressed, it shows that Dutch colonial rule has fallen into crisis.

1644, the Qing army entered the customs and established the Qing regime in Beijing. 166 1 In April, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships from Kinmen into Taiwan Province Province in the name of General Nan Mingyi. When Zheng Chenggong marched into Taiwan Province Province, he told the Dutch colonialists that Taiwan Province Province "has always belonged to China", that the residents of Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Island are China people who have occupied and cultivated this land since ancient times, and that the Netherlands "should return it to its original owners" after fierce fighting and siege.1February 662, Zheng Chenggong forced Dutch Governor Bayi to sign and surrender. Zheng Chenggong regained China's territory of Taiwan Province Province from Dutch colonists, and became a great national hero, admired by the broad masses of people.

1684, the Qing government set up a patrol road and a Taiwan government, which were subordinate to Fujian province. By181year, the population of Taiwan had reached10.9 million, most of whom were immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. Immigrants reclaimed wasteland in large quantities, which made Taiwan Province Province a new agricultural area, and provided a large number of rice and sucrose, daily consumer goods and building materials imported from the mainland, which made the economy of Taiwan Province Province develop to a considerable extent. During this period, Taiwan Province Province had close contacts with Fujian and Guangdong, and Chinese culture was introduced into Taiwan Province Province more comprehensively.

Due to the invasion of China's frontier by western powers, there has been a border crisis in China. 1884- 1885 during the sino-French war, the French army attacked Taiwan Province province and was badly hit by Liu Mingchuan's army. By the signing of the Sino-French New Testament in June 1885, the French army was forced to withdraw from Taiwan Province Province.

After the Sino-French War, in order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government designated Taiwan Province Province as a single province in 1885, and Taiwan Province Province became the 20th province in China. Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan Province Province, actively carried out the new policy of self-improvement, cleaned up land tax, increased fiscal revenue, bought ships, set up telegraph lines, set up the General Administration of Posts and Telecommunications and built railways; Buy warships, add batteries, set up machinery bureau, and build their own weapons; Set up coal bureau and install new shearer; Set up companies to promote cities and build streets and roads; Establish western learning and telegraph schools to train architectural talents. Liu Mingchuan concentrated many new undertakings in one province, making Taiwan Province one of the advanced provinces in China at that time.

1894 Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War, and the Qing government was defeated the following year. /kloc-In April of 0/7, he was forced to sign treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated his country and ceded Taiwan Province Province to Japan. After the news came out, the whole country was angry and opposed to cutting the table; Taiwan Province provincial capital "crying loud", gong. Liu Yongfu, the general of the Qing army who assisted the military in Taiwan Province Province, led the soldiers and civilians to resist the Japanese occupation and persisted in fighting for more than five months. After more than 100 battles, the Japanese invaders paid a heavy price, but they finally failed. Since then, Taiwan Province Province has been a Japanese colony for 50 years.

The people of Taiwan Province Province never gave in to Japanese colonial rule. In the early days of Japanese occupation, the anti-Japanese armed forces with farmers as the main body fought for 20 years. Later, the Cultural Association, People's Party and Producer Party also organized and led the national resistance movement against Japanese colonial rule.

1937 in July, the Japanese created the "July 7th Incident", and the people of China started the national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, many compatriots in Taiwan Province Province returned to their motherland to participate in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which contributed to the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the recovery of Taiwan Province Province. 194 1 After the Pacific War broke out in February, on February 9, 65438, the Japanese government issued the Proclamation of China's Declaration of War against Japan, clearly telling Chinese and foreign countries: "All treaties, agreements and contracts involving the relationship between China and China will be abolished."

1In August 1945, Japan was defeated in World War II, and 15 announced its unconditional surrender in August. After eight years of heroic War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China finally recovered Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province compatriots celebrated their return to the motherland with great joy. 10 year 10 On October 25th, the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province province in China Allied War Zone was held in Taibei. On behalf of the China government, the surrendering officials announced that from now on, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands will formally rejoin Chinese territory, and all land, people and political affairs will be under China's sovereignty. So far, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu are under the sovereignty of China.