Who can introduce the beer industry in America?

I. The development of American beer industry1At the beginning of the 7th century, the first European immigrants brought beer and its brewing technology to the North American continent. After the independence of the United States, its expanding beer consumption market, rich raw material resources and good social and natural environment attracted immigrants from Europe, especially Germany, and established many breweries. At that time, the barreled draught beer, which was not protected by refrigeration, was bound to deteriorate when it was transported far away by carriage, so the beer had obvious regional characteristics and the average sales radius was limited to tens of kilometers. The brewery is small, and there is one in almost every residential area. From 65438 to the 1970s, the number of small breweries in the United States reached a historical peak of more than * * * 4 100, but only a handful of them had an annual output of more than 500KL. From the 1970s of 19, driven by the second technological revolution (electric power and internal combustion engine revolution), the United States quickly completed modern industrialization in 30 years, and became the world's first manufacturing power by the end of 19. During this period, the shelf life of beer was extended through the establishment of artificial cold storage along the railway and in big cities and the extensive use of refrigerated transport carriages. The great development of railway enables brewers to break through geographical restrictions and carry out business; The introduction of pasteurization technology from Europe has greatly improved the stability of beer; The technological innovation of replacing traditional vats with glass bottles is coming, and a new era of mass production is coming. The application of these new technologies has led to the expansion of beer sales radius. During this period, the scale of breweries increased and the number decreased obviously, leaving only 1900 breweries. In the first 50 years of the 20th century, with the progress of technology and the expansion of production scale, American beer yeast enterprises further decreased. 19 17 when the United States joined the first world war, the number of breweries had been reduced to 1200. After World War I, the United States became the first powerful country in comprehensive national strength, and the beer industry flourished. Soon, the number of breweries in the United States further decreased, and there were more and more social problems such as car accidents caused by excessive drinking, so the voice of banning alcohol in China became stronger and stronger. At the beginning of 1920, the United States completely banned alcohol, which led to the suspension of the entire beer industry. The prohibition of alcohol for more than ten years and the severe economic crisis of 1929 made many breweries sell their land, factories and equipment or switch to other industries. 1933 was lifted, and only 700 breweries resumed production. The others have been closed and can't be started again. A few years later, the United States ushered in the Second World War, making it really strong. In the early period of World War II, the United States remained neutral, selling arms, and later joined the anti-fascist camp. Although the grain, raw materials and transportation capacity mainly met the needs of the war, the American beer industry still developed to a certain extent during World War II because the war did not burn to the mainland. After World War II, the United States became a superpower with unprecedented economic prosperity. After years of accumulation, the American beer industry has reached an annual output of several hundred thousand kl for several consecutive years, which has the ability to expand in the United States. After a long period of brewing, the time is ripe for the American beer industry to be collectivized. The last 50 years of the 20th century are roughly the 50 years from the beginning to the completion of American beer industry collectivization, which can be roughly divided into three stages: the first, the middle and the last. Pre-period: Before 1946, several major beer enterprises took the initiative to buy small breweries in areas with concentrated cities and rich lives on the east coast, marking the beginning of the collectivization process. Large enterprises acquire or build new production plants across the United States to seize the strategic commanding heights and make strategic layout. In order to seize the market and sales channels quickly, it is mainly the merger of manufacturers. As the price war intensified, a large number of small enterprises were eliminated or merged. From 65438 to 0959, there were only more than 20 beer enterprises and more than 40 manufacturers in the United States. By the 1970s, dozens of groups, large and small, controlled most of the market, marking the initial completion of collectivization. Mid-term: valuable small breweries were completely acquired, and various groups began to focus on expanding new production plants. While steadily expanding their own production plants, each group has set up large-scale new factories at a high starting point all over the United States, and the industry layout has been obviously optimized. Some powerful subsidiaries of large beer groups have also set up Sun Company. The whole situation is intertwined, the price war is extremely fierce, and all industries have self-regulating price agreements, which will become waste paper in a blink of an eye. In order to purify the market and obtain monopoly profits, major groups strive to form their own competitive areas, thus forming multiple spheres of influence. After more than ten years, most of the groups were defeated and merged into other advantageous groups. During the period of 1985, more than ten groups monopolized most of the 20 million KL market, among which the top ten groups accounted for 93% of the total output and the top five groups accounted for 80% of the total output, which marked the basic completion of collectivization. Later period: the sphere of influence of large groups was clearly divided, and the price war gradually subsided. Major groups control many factories, of which AB once controlled more than 50 factories at most. At this time, major groups feel that their small production plants are unprofitable within the sphere of influence of others, and it is not conducive to the improvement of the overall efficiency of the group within their own sphere of influence, so they gradually reduce and close those small and medium-sized production plants with unfavorable operation and geographical location. According to different situations, small factories may be resold, or converted into real estate and amusement parks, or diversified. Large beer groups have increased their investment in large-scale production plants with superior geographical location and strong profitability, and the industrial production capacity is obviously concentrated in large-scale production plants. With the highly collectivization of the industry, the output of large American beer groups is increasing and the number is decreasing. With the high scale of production, the output of major breweries in the United States is increasing and the number is decreasing. With the development of economy and the saturation of beer consumption per capita, the scale of American beer yeast industry has reached the peak of nearly 24 million KL. At the end of the 20th century, after the last few mergers, the pattern of American beer industry basically took shape. 1996 Baxter blue ribbon company (1844), the fourth largest beer group in the United States, was founded in milwaukee, Wisconsin by Mr Baxter, a German immigrant. At the end of19th century, it developed into the largest beer company in the world, and began to cooperate with China beer enterprises in the late 1980s. American Blue Ribbon is every foreign brand that enters China on a large scale. It used to be all the rage and was well known by Chinese people. It sold its headquarters factory in Milwaukee and withdrew from the mainstream of American beer industry, making 97% of American beer production concentrated in the top three beer groups, which marked a thorough collectivization. After 50 years of fierce competition, hundreds of enterprises in the American beer industry have finally transformed into three major beer groups, namely Coors (third place), Miller (second place) and Ann-Heuse-Busch (first place, abbreviated as AB), with 22 production plants. These three companies have become the ultimate winners among thousands of enterprises established in various periods of the American beer industry. Among the thousands of breweries established in different periods in the American beer industry, only these 22 breweries have been expanding in scale and developed into major breweries in the fierce competition. Entering the 2 1 century, under the tide of economic globalization, the global beer enterprise mergers and acquisitions are surging, and the general trend of beer industry collectivization is further obvious on a global scale. At present, the top ten groups in the global beer industry concentrate 70% of the global beer production, and this trend is still continuing. In the new century, the American beer industry may form a giant multinational company with other large beer groups in China, or take the initiative to open a new chapter in large-scale overseas mergers and acquisitions.