Tan Renfeng's Life Experience

The word Fu, Shi Ping, was named Xue Xun in his later years. 1860 (Geng Shen in the 10th year of Qing Xianfeng) was born in the old house of Shigutang Bay, Ba Du, Xinhua, Hunan (now belonging to Nantang Brigade of Yatian Commune, Longhui County).

Tan Renfeng has six brothers, and he is the youngest. The family has been farming for generations, and their fathers Tan Zhongzhai and Liuzi have only a little land, so they can only make a living by farming hard. With the help of his brother, he was able to enter school and get a scholarship. He first married Mao Tian Roche of Xinhua Waterwheel, and had four sons, namely, the eldest son Bundesliga (Hongyi), the second son Dejin (II), the third son Samsung (premature death), four daughters and four sons. After he married Bian Shi in Yangzhou, he gave birth to four children, namely five sons (Wu Wu), six daughters (six sons), seven daughters (seven moths), eight sons and eight gentlemen, all of whom died young. Before the age of 36, Tan Renfeng, as an old scholar, founded a Futian primary school in his hometown, and invited Xie Jie, monks and others as teachers to concentrate on studying literary officials instead of current affairs. 1895] Zou Jia, a homesick man, passed by and talked about ancient and modern China and foreign countries, all of which were unheard of. He was greatly inspired by his thoughts and joined the anti-Qing revolution because of a change. In the early years, I heard from the elders in the village that Tan Renfeng was famous for scolding when he was teaching in his hometown, and several local tyrants and evil gentry were almost scolded by him. He is also famous among friends and comrades to be scolded. However, after a scolding, he remained as good as ever without prejudice. He is very prestigious in the local area, and every time the villagers have disputes, they will ask him to solve them. It is also very prestigious in the family. Every morning, I will knock on my nephew's door with a pipe rod and tell them to get up and go to work early. I often say, "Work every three hours." My nephew is about the same age as him, and he is in awe and willing to obey.

After the age of 40, during the two years from 1903 to 1904, Tan Renfeng set up a primary school in Xinhua County Cultural Center. He still works as a chalk, but his contacts are wider. According to Zou Yongcheng told me in the past, while studying in Futian Primary School, Tan Renfeng called some friends from the Jianghu to open a mountain hall there, and he himself became the owner of the mountain. Later, a mountain hall was set up in Fucheng, which attracted many people, including Li, Tang Jingsan and others. According to Tan Renfeng's own life, when he started to engage in gang activities, he was "holding tribalism to dominate himself" and had not yet realized the anti-Qing revolutionary movement committed to the future of the nation.

1904 during the summer vacation, a friend came back from Japan and found it in the county seat, secretly telling him and Song to contact the club leader and make trouble in the provincial capital. Since this winter, he has strengthened his activities in the Socialist Party and developed his organization. He and Zhou Shuchuan went from Longhui to Taoyuan, to Chen Yuan and then to Changde, running around and contacting each other. The following summer, at the invitation of his old friend, Zeng Shushi, general manager of Guangxi Police Academy, and Cai Songpo, general manager of Suiying College, he led three students to Guangxi. After arriving in Guangxi; Hanging a copy in the police academy is actually a diner. Later, I heard that Li and Tang Jingsan were rebelling. He went to heaven and brought his student Yue Sen back to help. I didn't know that things had failed until I met Tang Jing on the way. At this time, there are rumors that Baoqing officials will send troops to round up the village. After the diligent advice of relatives and friends, they left the county town in the spring of 1906 and went to Changsha via Baoqing, where they served as supervisors in Caochaomen Xinhua Middle School.

Chen Yuxin wrote "Hunan Huibang and the Revolution of 1911" in 196 1 (Selected Works of Literature and History, thirty-fourth edition), which mentioned that Tan Renfeng often came to Xia Ling Temple in Lijiapo, Changsha during his summer vacation in the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903). Call him "little friend". Talking about the Double Ninth Festival in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Tan Renfeng called representatives from all over Hunan to hold a mountain tour in Yuelu Mountain. On September 16th, a few days after the party at the back of the mountain, I celebrated Huang Xing's 30th birthday, and further contacted organizations such as Huang Xing and Liu. This is suspicious. Because Tan Renfeng said in the Inscription Record of Shi Sou: "During Guimao and Chen Jianian (1903 to 1904), Yu Yu set up a primary school in Yicheng (Xinhua) Cultural Center", he did not mention that he had been to Changsha, nor did he mention that he had founded the Shanmin Party or organized the Huaxing Party. And 1904 Lunar September 16th was the date of the failure of the Changsha Uprising of Huaxinghui, not the date of its establishment. Founded on September 16 the year before last, Huang Xing is 30 years old. Chen Yuxin's statement that Tan Renfeng held a gathering of villagers in Yuelu Mountain on 1904 is related to modern historical facts in Hunan, which needs to be verified. 1In August, 906, Tan Renfeng left Changsha for Nanjing and from Nanjing to Shanghai. When he arrived in Tokyo in February 65438, it coincided with the founding anniversary meeting of the People's Daily held by the League, and he also attended. After the meeting, Tang Jingsan, who went to Tokyo first, made a sincere introduction, met with Huang Xing, talked for two hours and decided to join the league. Soon, Ping, Liu and Yi revolts broke out, and Huang Xing sent him to work with Zhou, Hong, He Biyu, Ning,. Hu Ying and others returned to China to seek a response. When I arrived in Changsha, I realized that the uprising had failed and there was nothing I could do. I went back to Tokyo, entered the School of Political Science and Law, and entered Class 5. It was the spring of 1907.

In February 65438+, the battle of Zhennanguan broke out, and Sun Yat-sen joined Huang Xing and Hu in the war. Tan Renfeng got the news that the people's army occupied Nanguan Town, and it is estimated that there is much to be done. He immediately borrowed one hundred dollars from his son Hongyi's official expenses to go to war with his comrades in order to realize his ambition of peaceful life. By the time they arrived, the war had ended, the militia had retreated, and hopefully they had melted away. Huang Xing is suffering from lack of bullets at this time. Because Tan had an old relationship with Guo in Qinlian Road, Guangdong, Huang used to play Guo in Guangxi and asked him to ask Guo for help. Rushed to Guo's residence. Guo thought that the revolutionary army was defeated and his attitude suddenly changed. Finally, he offered a reward for his arrest. He escaped from the jaws of death, went to Guangzhou and returned to Hong Kong. News came from the port that Mingtang Huang, Wang Heshun and Guan Renfu had set out for the estuary, and the Qing army was defeated, so they couldn't help but cut off their beards. After modification, they disappeared again, and returned empty-handed and disappointed.

191kloc-0/,the Guangdong new army uprising, the movement of the southern branch of the League, has reached a mature stage. Huang Xing went from Japan to Hong Kong and planned everything with Zhao Sheng and Ni Yingdian. After Huang Xing left, Tan Renfeng followed. As a result, the new army uprising ended in failure, and he returned to Tokyo in disappointment. 19 1 1 On February 4th, Tan Renfeng arrived in Hong Kong from Tokyo at the invitation of Huang Xing and Zhao Sheng. In the evening, he discussed the plan of Guangzhou Uprising with Huang and Zhao. He thinks the two lakes are important, so we should show our opportunities first. With the consent of Huang and Zhao, he took 2000 yuan to Shanghai and then to Hankou the next day to get together with Ju Zheng and Yang Yuru in a hotel.

Tan said: "I was instructed by my comrades to observe the recent revolution in the Yangtze River basin. Report urgent news. Huang, Hu Zhantang, and Zhao Boxian, comrades of Sheng, are all in Hong Kong, and decided to revolt in Guangzhou this spring. Nanjing and Jiujiang have always been linked, and the two lakes are particularly important. I hope to respond urgently. " 600 yuan for spinning, and with Sun Wu and 200 yuan, I told the Guangzhou uprising, hoping that the camera would cooperate. In February, after Cheng Lie arrived in Changsha, Tan called a meeting of comrades in a roadside well in a Japanese hotel. More than ten people attended the meeting, including Wen Fei, Zeng Jie, Xiao, Long Tieyuan, Wu, Hong Rongqi and He Tao. Tan reported at the meeting that Huang Xing often missed opportunities, given that his predecessor had planned to join the party, the new army or the defense camp. It's our party comrades who attack themselves, in case the battalion and the new army come to rescue. It is decided that an incident will take place in Guangdong in March of the lunar calendar, and Hunan should respond urgently. At that time, it was agreed that Wei Liu cavalry platoon leader would be a sports army. Wen Fei and Zeng Jie launched this movement in the gentry class; In terms of meeting the party, Jiao Dafeng served as; Financial support is provided by Long Yuxi and Longtie Institute. Jiao Dafeng was not in the provincial capital. Tan waited for a few days, but still didn't come back. He returned to Shanghai and transferred to Hong Kong.

On the eve of the Huanghuagang Uprising, Huang Xing secretly entered Guangzhou from Hong Kong and deployed in the Ministry of Ying Xiaodong. Tan Renfeng also came from Hongkong to attend. When discussing the attack plan, he thought that one person should be responsible for the command and dispatch of the central company in the 10 attack, and not all of them should volunteer at the same time. It's better to blow up Lee Joon first, then attack the viceroy, and then Zhao Sheng will attack from outside with the new army. Easier to get from the inside out. Due to time constraints, this proposal was not adopted. After the Huanghuagang uprising failed, he fled Guangzhou and arrived in Hong Kong. He stayed in Hong Kong for a while and then returned to Shanghai. At the beginning of May, I went to Hankou and discussed with Sun Wu and many times. I suggested that Hubei * * * would cooperate with two revolutionary groups of the Literary Society to learn from each other's strengths. Under the instigation of Tan Renfeng, the * * * Society and the Literary Society jointly formed the organ department as the leading organ for planning the Wuhan Uprising.

19 12, Huang Xing praised him in his speech at the annual meeting of Nanjing Huanghuagang, saying, "... as for the layout of the mainland, Mr. Tan Renfeng left it to the Yangtze River. Mr. Tan is very ill, and he is also taking risks to come to Hubei at this time. " 1911In the autumn of 2000, there was a saying in the poems of Huang Xing and Tan Renfeng: "Being the first in the Han Dynasty is the first achievement for China." Tan has long been associated with two revolutionary groups in Hubei, and he contributed to the first righteousness of Wuchang.

On the eve of Wuchang Uprising, on June 8th, 10, Tan Renfeng went to Nanjing from Shanghai to convene comrades to discuss how to deal with the attack in Hubei. Later he moved in together and went to Wuhan. When the ship crossed Jiujiang, he got the news of Wuchang Uprising. 65438+1October 65438+April crossed the river into Wuchang and met Li. Li confided many difficulties to him, and he was responsible for justice and ordered an attack on the Qing army. The next morning, a large number of people's army troops crossed the river to attack, and the Qing army was exhausted and in chaos. Businessmen cheered and set off firecrackers all over the street to celebrate. After World War I, morale increased greatly and the situation changed greatly.

On the night of October 22nd, 65438/KLOC-0, the news of Changsha New Army spread to Wuhan anyway. Tan Renfeng immediately asked Doudufu for 2000 fast guns and sent Ren Zhen back to Hunan. Two days later, he reincarnated himself with Hunan and arrived in Changsha. He found that Jiao Dafeng's governor's office was in chaos, and the constitutionalists organized the Senate to monopolize power, and something happened to Jiao Dafeng. Seeing this abnormal situation, Tan Renfeng was eager to give foreign aid, so he had to forbear, and made great efforts to urge troops to help Hubei. At the swearing-in meeting before the departure of the new army, he wrote a military song on the spot to boost morale. The lyrics are like this: "Hunan children are good at attacking and holding steel knives. In the electric sweep, it was originally scheduled for Beijing, so kill Hu Renfang. "

Unexpectedly, Wang Longzhong has just led a new army to Hubei. Three days later, Jiao Dafeng and Chen were killed, the Constitutionalists usurped Hunan's political power, and Tan served as the viceroy. At this time, Guangfu sent representatives to Hubei for a meeting. Representatives He, Zou Jiaren, Liao Shuitang and Zuowei Liu arrived in Wuhan on June 24th. 165438+. After arriving in Wuhan, he and Zou Jiaren went to Wang Longzhong to give a speech, encouraging everyone to bravely kill the enemy. Soon, Huang Xing left Wuhan East to attack Nanjing. After Huang Xing left, Li planned to retreat to gedian, and Wuchang was in critical condition. The revolutionaries elected Tan Renfeng to guard Wuchang, and recruited special envoys to support the crisis in the north, which made the order a little more stable. Soon, Li also came back.

165438+1On October 30th, representatives from all provinces gathered in Wuchang. At the meeting, the new Speaker Tan Renfeng was elected as the interim Speaker. After discussion, the organizational outline of the interim government was adopted. Later, Li's official documents and travel expenses were sent, and he was appointed as a representative of the peace talks, urging them to attend the Shanghai-Nanjing meeting. February 26th 10 went to Nanjing to attend the meeting of provincial representatives. At this time, the meeting has been in Nanjing for half a month and is preparing to elect a temporary chairman. At the provincial congress, it was proposed to elect Li as president, but the result of vote counting was that Sun Yat-sen was elected with 16 out of 17 votes, and Huang Xing got one vote, which was no match for Li. While attending the gathering of provincial representatives, he still organized organs in Shanghai to prepare for the Northern Expedition in the name of recruiting northern envoys. However, the so-called emissary is an empty shelf, and the only force is two battalions brought by his son Ershi from Hunan. Soon after arriving in Tokyo, he met Song. Zhang Taiyan wrote "Epitaph of the Former Envoys of the Yangtze River", saying that he was "different from Sun and Huang, and valued Taoyuan and Song, thinking that he was a scholar." This is a fact.

19 10 In the spring, the Guangdong New Army uprising failed, and Song sighed deeply. He often consulted Tan Renfeng and tried to correct this situation. At this time, Tan lived in Kanda District of Tokyo with new immigrants Zou Jiaren and Zou Yongcheng from China. After deliberation, they suggested three strategies to the League: First, the best policy is to raise things in the north; Second, it is the middle policy to raise the Yangtze river basin; Third, it is the best policy to raise things in the frontier. Later, it was decided to take the middle policy as the best policy and organize the Yangtze River authorities to put it into practice. Zou Yongcheng later told me that when they were in Tokyo, they planned to sell the exclusive right of antimony mine in Xinhua County to Japanese businessmen, and the handling fee obtained was used as the activity funds of the Yangtze River authorities. He said that Zou Jiaren came up with this idea. At that time, he promoted the negotiations between Song and Japan. He and Zhang Doushu returned to Xinhua to contact the miners. After they returned to China, in order to deal with this matter, they also organized a glorious mining company in Baoshan, the Russian concession in Hankou.

19 1 1 After the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou in, Huang Xing was healing in a Hong Kong hospital, and he only wanted to "avenge my good friend". On May 18, Zhao Sheng died of grief and indignation, and Huang was further stimulated. He always wanted to assassinate Lee Joon and other Qing dynasty generals, saying, "Pay the price for the death of kings, and you will feel at ease." Tan Renfeng was in Hongkong at this moment, trying to dissuade him, but later the post and telecommunications were blocked, and Huang Jun was unmoved. Song Jiao Ren also participated in the planning of Huanghuagang Uprising. He was full of sadness and infinite sadness about this failure. In view of the painful lessons of this failure, He and other comrades immediately seized the favorable opportunity of Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan provinces to oppose the trend of railway nationalization and decided to organize their forces and rally. 1911July 3 1 day, Song, Chen (USA) and other 29 people held the inaugural meeting of the China League Central Committee in Huzhou Club. Tan Renfeng drafted the founding declaration, pointing out: "Those who name the Central Committee of the League will take Tokyo as the main body and recognize Nanzhi as a friend. At the inaugural meeting, Tan Renfeng was promoted to General Affairs Officer, who was also in charge of the Ministry of Communications. Two days later, he was elected as the spokesman of the general meeting. He immediately organized a branch in Hubei, enlightened the members of the literary society and the * * * Council in many ways, and understood the important principles, thus creating a cooperative situation of unity against the enemy.

19 13 In the spring, the Kuomintang won the parliamentary election, and Song made speeches everywhere, attacking current politics and attracting Yuan Shikai's jealousy. When Tan Renfeng met him in Wuhan, he advised him to be alert to avoid being assassinated. Song is able to shrug off. On March 20th, Yuan Shikai sent someone to assassinate Song in Shanghai. Two days later, Song was seriously injured and died. Tan Renfeng was so sad that he personally wrote the elegiac couplet: "Destroyed buildings, thoughtful, knowledgeable and talented. It is said that politicians are ashamed; The whole country is full of dogs and poisonous snakes, without heart, justice and national laws. How can you assassinate the world like this? " After Song died, he handled the funeral, took care of the lives of the survivors, made careful plans, and took great pains to mourn the deceased. After the Song case, he left Beijing for Shanghai. At that time, the assassin warrior should have been captured and detained, and the correspondence between Zhao Bingjun, Hong Shuzu and Ying Kuicheng was also found in Ying's home, which is indisputable. He asked Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing for his advice. Sun said that if there were soldiers from two divisions, I would confess myself. Huang said that the evidence in this case has been obtained and should be resolved according to law. He retorted, "What Mr. Sun said is all empty talk. Where did these two divisions and soldiers come from? Huang Guangyu's remarks are also very pedantic. Does the law have this effect? "At that time, Tan Renfeng advocated sending envoys to promote the independence of Hunan, Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, and then encouraged the provinces to learn from each other. Later, it turned out that his idea was not feasible. After that, he went to Beijing to see Yuan Shikai and Wuchang to Justin, Li See, trying to make adjustments, but the result was in vain.

1965438+On July 7, 2003, he was ordered by Huang Xing to return to Hunan, met with Tan, and told him that Nanjing should declare its independence against Yuan and Hunan should respond quickly.

On July 15, Nanjing declared its independence. Huang Xing was promoted to commander-in-chief of Jiangsu, and Zhang was appointed secretary-general, calling on all provinces, hoping to be the same. After instigating, most of the lower-level party member waved flags and shouted. Tan saw the general trend and the will of the people, so he had to hold a plenary meeting on 17 to issue electricity in the name of the provincial Council and declare Hunan independence. However, when Yuan's military defeat occurred in various provinces, he went to have it both ways and announced the abolition of independence on August 13. On September 15, Yuan Shikai ordered the arrest of Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Li Liejun, Bai, Liao, Deng Keng and others. On the wanted list of the Beijing War Department, Tan Renfeng was listed as the "leader" of the "Hunan Uprising". Under the snare of Yuan Shikai, he had no place in China and was forced to run away and flee to Japan. Upon arrival, Bu lived in Dazaifu Town, Zhuzi County, Fukuoka Prefecture, and changed his name to Lin to avoid the eyes and ears of Yuan Tan and Japanese journalists. It was not until Yuan Shikai was killed that he returned to Shanghai from Japan and worked closely with Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others to discuss the struggle situation after Yuan thief's death. In April of the following year, Huang Xingguo was buried in Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, and Tan Renfeng made a special trip back to Hunan to attend the state funeral ceremony.

1920 On April 24th (the sixth day of the third lunar month), Tan Renfeng died in Shanghai at the age of 60. The eldest son Hongyi was taken back to the village and buried in Maotian Village, Wentian Town, Xinhua County.