What are the components of energy-saving solar greenhouse? How to construct?

Solar greenhouse is mainly composed of the following parts: back wall, east-west gable, back roof, back column, center column, front column, arch rod, tie rod (cross beam), iron wire, film pressing rod, non-dripping film, grass, reflective curtain, cold ditch, etc. (Figure1-kloc-0/4).

Figure 1- 14 Side view of energy-saving solar greenhouse

1 .rear wall 2. Rear pillar 3. The fourth column in the middle. The fifth column. Arch strip 6. Front tie bar 7. Rear tie bar 8. Rear diagonal beam 9. Grass grass 10. Rear roof 1 1. The edge of the rear house 12. Cornerstone 65438.

(1) The back wall is mostly soil, with a height of about 1.8m and a thickness of 0.8 ~1.0m. The wall should not be too thin, so as not to affect the thermal insulation performance.

(2) The thickness of the east and west gables is the same as or slightly thicker than the back wall to bear the pressure of the iron wire.

(3) The total thickness of the rear roof exceeds 40 cm, which is too thin and has poor thermal insulation. The construction sequence of the back roof is to install the back column and tie rod (back beam) on the back column, and install a bamboo pole or miscellaneous wood with a diameter of about 10 cm as the back inclined beam every10 m, and the spacing or density is consistent with the spacing of the back column. The rear inclined beam is about 2.2 meters long, one end of which is fixed on the rear column tie rod (rear beam) and the other end is embedded in the top of the rear wall. The inclination angle of the rear inclined beam is between 45 and 50, and the upper end of the rear inclined beam exceeds the rear column tie rod by about 40 cm.

After the installation of the rear inclined beam, the No.8 wire of Sila will be laid on it from east to east, and the distance between the wires is 20 ~ 30 cm. The iron wire is covered with 1 layer of old film for heat preservation and moisture prevention, and the film is covered with 10 cm thick rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw and other heat preservation materials. After the above work is completed, lay 20 cm sticky straw mud, lay 1 layer of old film on the mud to prevent rain and snow, or lay 1 layer and roof tile instead of film. The edge of the roof should be laid at the joint of the back roof and the back wall to prevent the rain from directly washing the back wall and causing the back wall to collapse.

There are many materials on the back roof, which makes the construction difficult. Some new energy-saving solar greenhouses no longer build back roofs. In a greenhouse without a back roof, by increasing the height of the back wall and the covering thickness of grass, a proper lighting angle and proper thermal insulation performance can be maintained.

(4) The constructional column bears most of the weight of the back roof and arch bar of the greenhouse, and the construction quality requirements are strict. Generally, the back column is about 1 m from the inside of the back wall, and the distance between east and west is1.8m.. The back column is 3.3 ~ 3.5m long with 2 ~ 3 steel bars inside. After the column is buried in the soil for about 50 cm, a stepping stone is set to prevent sinking. The top of the rear pillar is provided with a groove, which can be placed in the inclined beam of the rear roof or the pull rod on the rear pillar for convenient placement. Leave a small hole 20cm below the top of the rear column for the fixed iron wire to pass through (Figure 1- 15).

Figure 1- 15 Handover Diagram of Rear Roof, Arch Rod and Column

1. Rear pillar 2. Secure wire 3. Rear inclined beam 4. Wire 5. Longitudinal corn stalk 6. Transverse corn stalk 7. Wheat straw mud 8. Old movie 9. Arch pole (thick bamboo pole) 10. Rear tie rod (cross beam)

(5) The quality and specification of the center column can be the same as that of the rear column, with the east-west distance of 3.6m, the length of 2.8 ~ 3.0m, the buried depth of 30 ~ 50cm and stepping stones.

(6) The specifications and quality of the front column are the same as those of the rear column, with a length of 1.2 ~ 1.3m and a buried depth of 30 ~ 40cm. The column spacing is 1.8m, which is the same as the density of the rear column.

The newly-built solar greenhouse adopts more than three columns. If there is heavy rain and snow in the local area, the stability of energy-saving solar greenhouse can be increased by increasing the thickness of columns and the number of steel bars.

(7) Bamboo with a top diameter of 10 ~ 15 cm and a tail diameter of 5 ~ 10 cm is selected as the arch bar. The thick head at the top is fixed on the diagonal beam of the rear roof or the pull rod of the rear column, and the thin head at the end is fixed on the pull rod of the front column. Grooves and holes are left at the top of the three rows of columns for fixing the arch bars. The spacing between arch bars is the same as the spacing between middle columns, both of which are 3.6 meters.

(8) Pull rod The pull rod of energy-saving solar greenhouse is also called a beam. The rear column and the front column must be fixed with tie rods, while the center column has no tie rods. The specifications of the pull rod vary greatly. Generally, the rear column tie rod is thicker and the front column tie rod is thinner. For the rear column tie rod, use the same bamboo as the arch rod, and for the front column tie rod, use bamboo with a diameter of 5 cm.

(9) No.8 iron wire is installed on the arch bar of energy-saving solar greenhouse from east to west, with the distance of 30-40cm, and 1 iron wire is fixed on the arch bar. Don't put the No.8 wire under the arch, otherwise it will be difficult to fix the film. Dig trenches with a depth of 1.0 ~ 1.2 m and a width of 0.5 m at both ends of the greenhouse. Fix the iron wire on the stone or waste column, put it in the ditch and fill it with soil. After the wire is fixed, tighten it with a tightener. The iron wire is pressed on the surface of the east and west gables. In order to prevent the wire from being pulled into the wall and causing looseness, use boards, bricks, bamboo poles, etc. It should be placed on the wall to prevent the wire from sinking (Figure 1- 16).

Figure 1- 16 Plan of Energy-saving Solar Greenhouse

1. Back wall 2. East-West Gables 3. Luoshikou 4. Shoppers 5.8 # wire 6. Rear pillar 7. Eighth column in the middle. The ninth column. Arch pole (thick bamboo pole) 10. Film pressing rod 1 1. workshop

(10) The film pressing rod is a thin bamboo pole with a diameter of 1 ~ 2 cm. Its function is to fix the drip-free film on the No.8 iron wire. The film pressing rod must cooperate with the pad rod of the same specification, and the film that will not drip is fixed on the iron wire so as not to make the film directly contact with the iron wire. In order to prevent the water film in the film from dripping onto crop leaves through iron wires, causing diseases.

Put four pad rods and four film pressing rods between the two arch rods, and fix the two rods with film on the No.8 iron wire with 16 iron wire (Figure 1- 17).

Figure 1- 17 Schematic diagram of plastic film fixing method

1. Fixing wire 2 of film pressing rod. Movie 3. Pad pole 4.8 wire 5. Arch bar (thick bamboo bar) 6. Film pressing rod 7. Eighth column in the middle. Secure the wire.

(1 1) Drip-free film energy-saving solar greenhouse must use drip-free dust-proof and long-life film, and its high light transmittance and drip-free characteristics are more conducive to improving the illumination and temperature in the greenhouse. This feature is particularly obvious in the deep winter festival. The drip-free characteristics of drip-free film can effectively avoid crop leaf diseases. Compared with ordinary agricultural film, non-drip film can increase the temperature by 2 ~ 3℃ and decrease the humidity 10% ~ 30%.

Drip-free film should be installed 10 ~ 15 days before crop planting to ensure enough time to close the greenhouse, carry out high-temperature disinfection and eliminate germs on greenhouse buildings, which is especially important for old greenhouses.

The day of installation of non-dripping film should be windless and sunny. Fix the membrane on one gable first, and then lay it on another gable with the wind. After the paved film was softened by the sun, several people tightened it at the same time. The dried film can be stretched by 8% ~ 10%, that is, 108 ~ 1 10 meter, and only the stretched film can remain flat for a long time.

After the film is fixed on the two gables, the film pressing rod and pad rod should be installed immediately, and the film should be fixed on the No.8 iron wire with 16 fine iron wire perforation.

The film pressing rod is about 40 cm shorter than the mat rod on the roof of the greenhouse. It can also be the same length, but it is not fixed with 16 iron wire within 40 cm of the roof, which is convenient for film stripping and ventilation.

(12) The length of the straw cover should exceed the total length of the film by 40 cm, so that there are 20 cm straw covers at the top and front of the greenhouse for thermal insulation. The width of the straw cover is about1.2m. If it is too wide, it is easy to be interrupted. The straw cover should have 6 braided ropes to ensure its tightness. Straw mats should overlap each other by more than 20 cm, and thinner straw mats should be added to improve thermal insulation.

(13) Reflective film Reflective film is a kind of reflective film hung on the back wall or in front of the back column to increase the illumination in the middle and lower parts of crops. The reflective curtain is mainly used for ridge closure until March of the following year, which can increase crop yield by 10% ~ 20%. The service life of reflective curtains is generally 3 ~ 5 years.

(14) The cold-proof ditch is located in the front of the solar greenhouse, 40cm away from the membrane, 40-50cm wide and 40-50cm deep. The ditch is filled with straw and other thermal insulation materials, covered with an old film and compacted with soil. The width and depth of the cold ditch should be slightly larger than the thickness of the local maximum frozen soil layer. Cold-proof ditch can effectively increase the ground temperature in front of solar greenhouse and prevent this part of crops from being damaged by cold.

In addition, a door with a width of 60 ~ 80 cm and a height of 100 cm should be left at one end of the solar greenhouse. Set thatched curtains inside or outside the door, and build workshops and buffer rooms at the corresponding positions of the door to prevent the cold wind from directly invading the greenhouse in winter.

The above are the main components and construction methods of energy-saving solar greenhouse promoted in North China.